Romanian Journal of History and International Studies (RJHIS)
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The Image of Psychoanalysis in Romanian Communist Propaganda
Get PDFIn 1932, a conference dedicated to Sigmund Freud was banned by the Romanian authorities, because they wanted to avoid “communist propaganda”. Twenty years later, psychoanalysis was once again officially banned, this time by the communist authorities. Because it was considered a bourgeois and a reactionary science, psychoanalysis could not be tolerated by the new regime. More than that, the psychoanalytical practice involved many risks for both psychoanalyst and patient. Not only the practice, but also the publication of works in this field was strictly forbidden. Especially in the first ten years after World War II, psychoanalysis was criticised in various books, articles and even in the press. Therefore, the progresses made by the Romanian physicians in the interwar period ceased and the most important accomplishments in this area were overshadowed by those of the communist scientists
The Past in the Present: The Fundamentals of Structural Colonialism and the African Contemporary Developmental Challenges
Get PDFWhenever Africa is mentioned in the international arena, the name seems to conjure pity, poverty, diseases, corruption, conflicts, maladministration, abuse of human rights and other trappings of vices associated with underdevelopment. This thinking may have influenced Tony Blair’s (former British Prime Minister) comments that Africa is a “scar on the conscience of the world”. This paper therefore argues that the various degrees of developmental challenges confronting contemporary African states were created in the era of colonial administration of the continent. Using the concepts of fundamentalist structuralism to critically analyse the contemporary African developmental challenges, the paper concludes that Africa appears to lack the capacity to deconstruct the philosophical foundation on which colonial structures were erected, and without a radical overture, the African continent may remain in its crawling developmental posture even in the 21st century
Can Constructive Dailogue Alone Solve Zambia's Problems?
Get PDFThis paper examines the donor/partnership relationships of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID/Zambia) and the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Zambia with local non-governmental organisations - the Foundation for Democratic Process (FODEP) and the Southern Africa Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (SACCORD) respectively on how the Western entities use public diplomacy and smart power as vehicles to alleviate electoral violence; the paper looks at what dialoguing efforts have been made by Zambian political parties and other actors in the period 2011 to 2016 to minimise political violence. The study was a case study of FODEP and SACCORD members. Primary data was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires; interviews with staff at the local NGOs and with USAID/Zambia and FES Zambia employees were done. Secondary research was also conducted; the data was analysed using triangulation method. The findings are that Zambia’s democratic credibility in Africa is regressing due to conflicting political parties inability to dialogue over differences; and that USAID/Zambia and FES Zambia, FODEP and SACCORD need to increase their efforts to eradicate electoral violence by sponsoring and carrying out more effective communications programs targeting poor, uneducated male-youths from shanty compounds
Iran and Romania: Old Allies, New Times (1990-2016)
No full textThis paper analyzes the evolution of the diplomatic, political and economic relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Romania. The study begins with a historical background of relations up to 1990 and follows the evolution of bilateral ties up to the present day. The research tracks the evolution of relations in tight correlation with the internal political struggle in both states. At the same time, it takes into consideration the broader regional and global tendencies that influence objectives, options, perceptions and decisions in Bucharest and Tehran. Ultimately, the subject is connected to the Eurasian balance of power in the post-Soviet world
Authoritarianism in Turkey: From “Kemalism to Erdoganism” via Democratic Reforms and Economic Development
Get PDFDuring the 1990s Turkish society experienced political instability and freedom deficiencies that were followed by a financial crisis in 2001. The socio-political and economic conditions were quite similar to those that sparked the Arab uprisings in late 2010 and thus they could have well led Turkey to disarray. The reforms introduced by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) during the 2000s, are considered as the main reasons why the Turkish state was “rescued”. Since then, however, a series of governmental policies have reversed this process and given rise to a situation where Turkish politics looks a lot like remind us of “old Turkey” albeit under a different ideological veil
Aspecte politice ale pontificatului lui Pius al IX-lea
Get PDFAcest articol va apela la un cadru cronologic, o desfășurare istorică a evenimentelor pe plan politic ce au avut loc în timpul pontificatului lui Pius al IX-lea, dar și impactul lor asupra societății italiene și a celei europene și modificările teritoriale din acest răstimp. Primul subcapitol va reda primii ani de pontificat ai lui Pius. Al doilea subcapitol va trata perioada începută la Gaeta, în exil, și până la unificarea Italiei, în 1861, an în care Statele Papale își pierd aproape întreg teritoriul, cu excepția Latiumului și a Cetății Eterne. Subcapitolul cu numărul trei va trata problemele pontificatului lui Pius al IX-lea în deceniul șapte al secolului, ani în care Italia unificată face presiuni continue pentru a ocupa Roma și a o declara capitala Regatului italian. Ultima parte a primului capitol reprezintă o scurta analiză a ultimei confruntări purtate de Pius al IX-lea: duelul cu cancelarul german Bismarck, promotorul unei politici anticlericale foarte dure pe care va fi silit s-o abandoneze după moartea lui Pius
Stephen Kotkin, Stalin. Volume I. Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928, Penguin Press, New York, 2014, 976 p.
No full textStephen Kotkin is one of the few historians who are well known even outside academia. And for good reasons, indeed. His contributions, especially Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization or Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse, 1970-2000, created important debates about the Soviet regime and are regarded as very influential in promoting a new paradigm for Soviet studies: the post-revisionism. The main paradigm-shift (using Thomas Kuhn`s concept) made was to include into historical inquire all the various ways in which individuals adapted to the political regime, as Kotkin himself defined socialism not only as a political arragement of institutions and practices, but as a experience, lived differently by different actors, in various contexts
Charles Emmerson, 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War, New York, PublicAffairs, 2013
Get PDFAstăzi, anul 1913 este văzut prin prisma anului 1914: drept ultimul an înaintea războiului care a zguduit Europa din toate încheieturile, a distrus ordinea economică, micșorându-i drastic influența la nivel global. Privind retrospectiv, lumea acelui an se reduce la: teama de revoluții, rivalitățile nerezolvate dintre marile puteri, violența în Balcani. Odată cu împlinirea a 100 de ani de la începutul Primului Război Mondial, Charles Emmerson se întoarce în trecut și încearcă să descrie lumea, așa cum apărea ea contemporanilor în 1913
The Writers’ Role in the British Propaganda Campaign During the First World War: Mihaela David
Get PDFDuring the First World War, Britain initiated and used the greatest propaganda campaign the world had ever seen. The British strategy was so effective that Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels reportedly modeled the Nazi propaganda machine on the influential British prototype. The British propaganda during the Great War was a unique phenomenon in secretly using well known imaginative writers and intellectuals who wrote under their own names but published through commercial and university presses that were subsidized by the government. The writers’ involvement in the war effort poses a number of questions concerning their previous and later writing or the extent to which they were influenced by what they wrote during the War. Even if modernism, that was emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, could not be envisaged dealing with propaganda, the new information matrix made that possible as they were seen as two facets of the same coin represented by modernity. Also, focusing and analyzing further the writers ‘propaganda activity could bring additional insight not only into the literature of the First World War, but also into the broader cultural and intellectual environment of the war
Angus Roxburgh, Vladimir Putin. Un ţar în căutarea unui nou imperiu (The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia), translated by Alina Ștefănescu, Litera Publishing House, Bucharest, 2014
Get PDFThis present paper follows the English edition, published in 2011 by IB Tauris & Co. Ltd, London and New York. We consider this study to be important because we have to understand how all the levels of Russian policy have changed, especially after 1999. Also, the author explains how the relations escalated between Vladimir Putin and the Western world, how he has become increasingly authoritarian, how he defied the West and how the West defied him in return and how both of the sides failed to observe the concerns and fear of each other. These facts led to a carousel of mutual mistrust and missed opportunitie