Romanian Journal of History and International Studies (RJHIS)
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Frédéric Pichon, Syria – Why the West Got it Wrong, Bucharest, Corint Publishing Group, 2016
Get PDFFounding member of the “Conflicts” magazine specialized in the geopolitics of the Middle East and having a PhD in contemporary history with a thesis on the Christians from the city of Maaloula, Syria; Frédéric Pichon is currently a research associate within the EMAM team from the University François Rabelais in Tours
African Traditional Religion in Igaland, Nigeria (c. 1000 – present)
Get PDFThis study examines various aspects of African traditional religious beliefs in Igalaland which have been largely neglected by indigenous scholars with a view to bridge the gap in the historiography of the people from c.1000 to present. The period marked the beginning of Igalaland as a people with central authority. This study thus, adopts the use of primary and secondary sources. Data was obtained from in-depth interviews with traditional priests, elders, archival documents, historical sites, textbooks and journals articles. It is therefore, imperative to note that the root of African traditional religion in Igalaland goes back into primeval times. The Ifa oracle plays vital roles, as it dictated the reverential and sacrificial life of the people by which they get cleansed of their abominations and gain the aids of divinities. They also believed in the spirit of the departed. Unlike the western man, religion permeated every aspect of their life
Constructing Narratives through Storytelling: A Study of Refugees in Estonia
Get PDFVery little investigation is done on refugees in Estonia and their construction of narratives in a new society. Refugees portray their memories of their own country while in exile in order to create their present individuality in a new land and to adapt to a new culture. This paper attempts to investigate refugees placed at a refugee accommodation centre and to analyze their present and past memories and stories to associating them with their coping mechanism. Using qualitative methods such as in-depth interviews, this paper brings out the argument that, in spite of being displaced from their homeland, refugees portray their country of origin via idyllic stories; family and community life are emphasized with the contrast of individualism. This paper argues that specific narratives can produce doubly-marginalized people, while at the same time, stories and memories from the past are significant for developing agency, so as to establish counter narratives
Toponyms in the Jos Plateau and the impact on intergroup relations: an ethno-historical perspective
Get PDFThe history of the Jos Plateau area in the past two decades has been characterized by irresolvable crises and conflicts. These conflicts have multifactorial reasons like politics, religion, and economy. To this list the toponymic factor can be added. Indeed, for the past fifteen years since September 2001, intergroup relationships especially between the Hausa and “indigenes” or, what others erroneously see as Muslims versus Christians, have been marred by internecine crises. The result has been the destruction of lives and property, mutual suspicion, migrations, relocation of settlements, change in settlement patterns and re-naming of settlements. In light of this, the paper looks at one of the manifestations of this conflict, which is the counter-naming or renaming of some settlements in Jos Plateau area in order to claim historical ownership of settlements. This paper aims to prove that the current situation portends danger to national cohesion, development, free movements and association of people in the Jos Plateau
Ion Antonescu’s regime during September 1940 – June 1941. Measures taken to regain the lost provinces in the summer of 1940
Get PDFThe impact produced by events occurring in the international arena in 1939 were felt by Romania starting with the summer of 1940 when the country was forced to give up without a fight the Romanian provinces acquired in 1918. Consequences were not only social and economic, but also political, causing King Carol II abdication in favour of his son, Mihai and the investment with full powers to run the Romanian state of General Ion Antonescu. Understanding the impact produced by the summer raptures in 1940 among the Romanian population, Antonescu decided to establish as main objective for both the foreign policy and the domestic one the recovery of these territories. Given his decision to participate in the summer of 1941 in the war against USSR, the present study aims to present different measures taken by his regime during September 1940 – June 1941 to regain the lost provinces
Relațiile economice româno-britanice (1948-1955)
No full textThe study analyses the Romanian and British economical relations, in the context of international events that followed the year 1948, when the communists took over the power in Romania, until 1955, when the bilateral negotiation, concerning a commercial agreement between the Great Britain and Romania, have failed
Franța și diplomația culturală în Principatele Române (1711-1815)
No full textThe study analyses the Romanian society from Moldavia and Walachia during the historical period between 1711 and 1815. Our perspective is not chronological because we are trying to reveal the conceptual aspects behind the cultural diplomacy of the Romanian policy makers during the transition to the modern era. Our approach has the purpose to show the transitional status of Walachia and Moldavia, and for this reason we selected the cultural image of the Western Europe, but from the standpoint of French revolutionary perspectives. Our initiative represents a reinterpretation of the analytical model suggested by Pompiliu Eliade, which means that the importance of the Phanariot historical moment will never be closed for further studies. Therefore, our main resources are the books written by Paul Cernovodeanu, Constantin C. Giurescu, Paul Cornea, Larry Wolff, Bogdan Murgescu, Dan Horia Mazilu and Mircea Anghelescu. The main influence of the French society in the Romanian cultural and political environment of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had the purpose to reinforce the national identity towards a historical search for continuity. If we look back into the modernization process of the Romanian institutions from the mentioned period we could say, in a philosophical way that the Romanian society made a leap into the history and became aware of the signs that revealed the gap between the west and the east of Europe
Housing ‘Lunatics’ in Nigeria: A Study in the History of Eco-Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Get PDFHousing people with mental disorders has been a long-standing problem in Nigeria since the colonial era. Whereas biomedical and social analysis of psychiatric administration in Nigeria exists, these studies are lacking in historical, ecological and epidemiological perspectives. Thus, this paper discusses the trend of accommodating the mentally ill in Nigeria in the context of eco-psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology. Underpinned by the historical analysis of colonial administrative and medical records, personal observations, interviews, newspaper reports and the literature, this work concludes that the contemporary challenges to mental health management in Nigeria are rooted in the colonial transformation and intervention that focuses solely on confinement as a tool of psychiatric epidemic control. Hence, the provision of social security schemes and the establishment of appropriate up-to-date psychiatric facilities in Nigeria are important in the face of the socioeconomic pressure of modern life
“Miss Europe” and “Miss Romania” 1929: Beauty Pageants Between Aesthetic Aspirations and National Propaganda
Get PDFThis article aims to expose the connections between feminine beauty, nationalism, and political propaganda that have characterized modern beauty pageants since their creation in the 1920s. By surveying the ways in which gender and national identity were socially and culturally constructed through the “Miss Europe” and “Miss Romania” competitions, it will be argued that beauty pageants played an important role in affirming national unity, cohesion, and solidarity as well as in bringing diplomatic tensions to the fore of Romanian public debates. These debates were triggered in February 1929 when the first title of the most beautiful woman in Europe was awarded to “Miss Hungary”. The Romanian weekly magazine “Realitatea Ilustrată” [“Illustrated Reality”], one of the most read publications in the 1920s and 1930s, covered this news extensively, investing the European competition with a patriotic meaning and seeing it as the battleground for a symbolic encounter between the Romanian and Hungarian nations. Thus, the European pageant translated political, ethnical, and propagandistic discourses in terms of feminine beauty and identity
The Heroism of Romanian Soldiers from Comarnic, Prahova, during the First World War
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to initiate a discussion on Romania’s situation during the First World War. Beyond the military operations, which often ended in failure, as they were wrongly conceived and designed by the Great Military Headquarters, one can see the heroism of the Romanians. We intend to integrate the local history along the Prahova valley with the reality of the Great war at national and international level. The local heroism is illustrated by the examples offered by the sacrifice of the soldiers of Comarnic (a town situated along the Prahova valley), who fought in the most important battles of the war. At the same time, we intend to show the impact of the German military occupation upon the civilian population by giving examples of the destruction recorded in the towns along the Prahova valley. The evocation of the local history leads to cultivating national feeling, almost one century since the fulfilment of the unitary Romanian state