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Correlation between extent and clinical severity, and histopathological characteristics of geographic tongue
Get PDFBackground: Geographic tongue is an oral lesion with an unknown etiology.Recently, the Geographic Tongue Area and Sev erity Index (GTASI) has been proposed to assess the area and severity of geographic tongue, aiming to measure the clinical severity of this condition. However, this index does not account for the histopathology, which may vary based on the clinical stage of the lesion and the biopsy area. Our present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between GTASI score and its histopathological features.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 40 participants diagnosed with GT confirmed both clinically and histopathologically.
Results: Considering GT severity, the majority, 60%, of cases were classified as mild, with female predominance in both the mild and severe categories. The average age of participants was 56 for mild and severe cases and 47 for moderate ones. The prevalent histopathological features of geographic tongue included parakeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis, basal layer hyperplasia, mono- and polymorphonuclear exocytosis, suprapapillary hypotrophy, claviform epithelial ridges, fusion of epithelial ridges, conjunctival papillary oedema, and chronic subepithelial infiltration, with no significant differences taking into consideration the clinical severity level. Papillary vascular ectasia, Munro microabscesses, Kogoj pustules, and dense connective tissue were more prevalent in patients with more severe cases of GT. Mild inflammatory infiltrate intensity was predominant in patients with mild GT, while moderate infiltrate intensity was found predominantly in moderate cases of GT.
Conclusions: The clinical severity level of GT closely corresponds with its histopathological characteristics
Genitofemoral nerve course and branching variations: what we see during laparoscopic extended pelvic lymph-node dissection in radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, and how to avoid intraoperative lesions: a retrospective analysis
Get PDFBackground: The genitofemoral nerve is the most variable nerve of the lumbar plexus in terms of its course and bifurcation, and therefore it must be taken into consideration during extended pelvic lymph node dissection. Its borders, during robotic, laparoscopic or open radical prostatectomy for intermediate or high-grade prostate cancer, have long been defined and must be respected; the genitofemoral nerve represents the extended pelvic lymph-node dissection lateral boundary, and the fact that it may vary from case to case puts its integrity at risk.Materials and methods: For the first time, we report genitofemoral nerve branching pattern data obtained from extended pelvic lymph node dissection during videolaparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We also propose a further sub-classification to identify the exact genitofemoral nerve bifurcation point in correlation with the injury risk.Results: Our results show the prevalence of a genitofemoral nerve originating as a single trunk which divides into two branches, and highlight how this condition occurs at the external iliac artery upper third in more than 75% of cases. Furthermore, at the femoral canal inlet, the genitofemoral nerve two branches were mainly seen lying laterally and below the external iliac artery, or in the middle of the external iliac artery and external iliac vein.
Conclusions: Better understanding of the genitofemoral nerve course and bifurcation points deduced from the extended pelvic lymph node dissection, which are, in any case, applicable to all major pelvic surgery, would prove helpful in avoiding iatrogenic nerve injuries during extended pelvic lymph node dissection
A cadaveric analysis of the efficacy of blind injections into lateral pterygoid muscle
Get PDFBackground: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are among the most common causes of orofacial pain. Hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is associated with the pathological mechanisms associated with TMD. Botulinum toxin-A (BTX) injections into the LPM can be used as a treatment for TMD. However, a lack of clinical standardisation for this procedure can lead to adverse outcomes, especially when using anatomical landmark-based approaches.
Materials and methods: To better understand the precision of extraoral landmark- based LPM BTX injections, a maxillofacial surgeon injected 1.5 mL of 0.25% methylene blue dye into the LPM of five cadavers. Needle location, dye spread, and disrupted structures were then examined through cadaveric dissection.
Results: Landmark-based LPM BTX approaches resulted in poor outcomes in accuracy (0%) and a 40% incidence of neurovascular disruption, including the facial plexus, superficial temporal artery and superficial temporal vein.
Conclusions: Randomised controlled trials have highlighted the risks associated with extraoral botulinum toxin injections for TMD symptomatic relief. This report demonstrates the low accuracy rate and high neurovascular risk that accompany blind LPM injections, and highlights the need for safe treatment protocols in TMD, in particular guided image-based diagnostics and procedures
Exploring apoptotic pathways in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: combined effects of napabucasin and doxorubicin
Get PDFBackground: Neuroblastoma often begins in infancy and one of the most common types of cancer among children is someone. Napabucasin (NP) (BBI608), a natural naphthoquinone emerging as a novel inhibitor of STAT3, has been found to effectively kill cancer stem-like tumor cells. On the other hand, the effect of Napabucasin on SH-SY5Y cells is currently unclear. The effects and mechanisms of NP and doxorubicin (DX) on human metastatic neuroblastoma cells were investigated.
Materials and methods: In this study, human neuroblastoma cells line (SHSY-5Y) were used. Apoptotic activation of NP and DX via the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway was evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot and Tali cytometry. It was also detected by MTT, a cell viability test.
Results: NP and DX antiproliferative and invasive effected to SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, NP induced apoptosis by pausing the cell cycle. Moreover, NP treatment inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, which is associated with apoptosis, while it clearly inhibited the expression of Bax and CASP3 genes.
Conclusions: As a results showed that NP and DX suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells and could do this through apoptotic pathways. NP can be used to suppress metastasis of SHSY-5Y cells as an inhibitor of the apoptosis pathway Bcl-2. It is thought that NP, which provides tumor suppression through an apoptotic mechanism, may be an alternative treatment agent in neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma
Bilateral foetal origin of posterior cerebral artery coexisting with absent A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery
Get PDFBackground: Cerebral arterial circle variants are well-described due to their clinical significance for neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists.
Materials and methods: This magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) report describes the unusual coexistence of three cerebral variants incidentally identified in a 44-year-old female patient.
Results: The right-sided first segment (A1) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was absent, and both the posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs) originated from the internal carotid arteries (ICAs). Thus, unilateral A1 segment absence coexisted with a bilateral PCA of foetal origin. These variants’ coexistence significantly disrupted the patient’s primary collateral pathway.
Conclusions: The clinical significance and consequences of such variants after stroke or transient ischaemic attack cannot be overstated, underlining the importance of the latest imaging findings in understanding and managing these conditions
Systematic review of the literature on single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the neuroligin (NLGN) gene in the development of autism spectrum disorder
No full textIntroduction: Recently, multiple studies have attempted to explain the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Many researchers have suggested the potential role of mutations in genes encoding proteins called neuroligins as one of the triggers of autism. Potentially more than one factor is causing the development of ASD. Material and methods: We reviewed publications obtained from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, APA PsychNET and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on keywords such as “autism”, “ASD”, and “neuroligins”. For the final analysis, 8 qualified articles were published from January 2008 to August 2022. Results: Studies conducted recently have drawn our attention to the significant relationship between autism and NLGN mutations in some autistic populations. One of the studies showed a significant association between blockades of SNPs in the NLGN4X. The second confirmed that the three-marker haplotype blockade was related to an increased risk of ASD in males. On the other hand, one publication stated that SNPs found in the studied population did not significantly differ in allele frequency between ASD patients and controls. Conclusions: Mutations in the NLGN gene should be investigated further as ASD factors. The results of these studies are not consistent. Some of these findings confirm the association between ASD and mutations in neuroligins. At the same time, others negate any links in that matter. It is possible that the ethnicity of the patients influenced the research outcomes. More studies with larger study groups are needed to clarify discrepancies between the authors
Honorary Members of the Polish Society of Nephrology. Part XL — Professor Eduardo Alberto Slatopolsky
No full textThis is the 40th publication in a series exploring honorary members of the Polish Society of Nephrology (PTN). The 39th edition featured Professor Tilman Bernhard Drüeke, a French physician and scholar. As a graduate of the University of Tübingen, Germany, he spent much of his career at the Necker Hospital in Paris and later led the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research. Active in scientific societies, he has frequently visited Poland, including Warsaw, Katowice, and Krakow, for key nephrology events. The 40th instalment highlights Professor Eduardo Al-berto Slatopolsky, an internationally distinguished nephrologist. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1934, he earned his medical degree at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1960, he moved to the United States, working at Mount Sinai Hospital in Cleveland before joining the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis in 1963, where he remained for nearly 50 years. His primary focus was on the pathophysiology of kidney diseases, especially parathyroid disfunction in chronic renal failure. He was widely recog nised and received numerous international awards. He became an honorary PTN member in 1998
