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Validation of the Polish version of the Movement Disorder Society Non-motor Rating Scale (MDS-NMS)
No full textAim of the study. We aimed to translate and validate the Polish version of the MDS-NMS and compare it with the original English version.
Clinical rationale for the study. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) affect a significant portion of the Parkinson’s disease (PD) patient population and may negatively impact their quality of life. Non-motor symptoms may contribute to an increased sense of illness among patients and to a greater burden upon their caregivers. It is therefore advisable to develop a Polish validation of a reference scale for diagnosing and assessing the severity of NMS.Material and methods. The MDS-NMS was translated into Polish by a third-party translation company experienced in the translation of rating scales and reviewed by the Polish Translation Validation Leader (JS). Following several rounds of review, the final translation received the approval of the MDS Translation Steering Committee for its use in Cognitive Pre-testing. The translated version of the MDS-NMS then underwent Cognitive Pre-testing, and the translation was subsequently modified based on the results. The approved version was considered to be the Official Working Document of the Polish MDS-NMS and was tested on 307 Polish PD patients recruited at movement disorder centers. Confirmatory and explanatory factor analyses were applied to determine whether the factor structure of the English version could be confirmed in the Polish version.Results. The overall factor structure of the Polish version was fairly consistent with that of the English version based on the high CFIs for all 14 subscales of the MDS-NMS in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFI ≥ 0.90). The Polish MDS-NMS was confirmed to share a common factor structure with the original English version.Conclusions. The availability of the Polish validation of the MDS-NMS scale will facilitate Polish research centers’ participation in multi-center trials and clinical studies. Moreover, it will enable individual Polish researchers to compare their results collected on Polish PD patients more easily and confidently with those available worldwide. We are also convinced that the Polish version of MDS-NMS will prove useful in everyday clinical practice, facilitating the easier and more effective identification of NMS-related problems and the assessment of their severity
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson’s disease — voice as a window into swallowing function
No full textArtificial intelligence techniques in blood banks — a systematic review of predictive innovations
No full textIn the field of healthcare, blood banks play a pivotal role in overseeing the collection, storage, and distribution ofblood in critical situations. However, they encounter substantial challenges in the management of resources, includingdemand forecasting and inventory optimization. In addressing these issues, artificial intelligence (AI) is emergingas a promising solution.
This study analyzes the distribution and impact of AI methodologies in blood banks, identifying regression techniques,support vector machines, and transformer-based models as the most frequently applied approaches. Keyareas of improvement include blood supply forecasting, resource allocation, and decision accuracy, which arethe most prevalent impacts observed in demand prediction. Additionally, AI contributes to transfusion safety byenhancing transfusion decision accuracy and blood supply reliability, while predictive models for genetic bloodtyping and hemoglobin-based matching optimize donor-recipient compatibility. Despite these advances, significantchallenges persist, particularly regarding data quality, model accuracy adaptation, and AI explicability, underscoringthe necessity for robust technological infrastructure and specialized personnel training. Addressing these barriersthrough clear policies and a structured integration strategy is essential to fully harness AI’s potential in transfusionmedicine
Efficacy of extended half-life factor VIII concentrate (Elocta) compared to standard half-life factor VIII products in patients with severe hemophilia A — impact on treatment adherence and patient preferences
No full textIntroduction: Efmoroctocog alfa is a fusion protein consisting of B-domain deleted recombinant human factor VIII (FVIII) linked to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G1. This modification extends the molecule’s half-life compared to standard FVIII products. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of efmoroctocog alfa (Elocta) in preventing bleeding episodes in patients with severe hemophilia A.
Material and methods: The study included 82 patients who had been treated for at least 1 year with a standard half-life FVIII concentrate, followed by at least 6 months of treatment with Elocta. All patients were managed at 1 of the 7 hemophilia treatment centers in Poland.
Results: During Elocta treatment, the following outcomes were observed: a reduction in the total consumption of coagulation factor concentrate, a reduced number of injections with extended dosing intervals, and improved adherence to medical recommendations following the switch from a standard to an extended half-life product. Furthermore, nearly all patients who were asked about their treatment satisfaction and preferences for future FVIII therapy indicated a preference for Elocta.
Discussion and conclusions: Coagulation factor concentrates with an extended half-life enable the optimization of prophylactic treatment and enhance adherence to medical recommendations in patients with severe hemophilia A and a pronounced bleeding phenotype
A rare case of EPAS1-related congenital erythrocytosis in a 12-month-old child: diagnostic and management challenges
No full textNot availabl
Radiotherapy effects on the ceRNA network in high-risk prostate cancer patients
No full textBackground: Radiotherapy (RT) dramatically reduces the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence and extends patient lifespans. Recent studies have begun identifying gene signatures and biomarkers that may predict and monitor RT responses. Hence, we investigated the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, including long non-coding rinonucleic acid (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA), in high-risk prostate cancer (HrPCa) patients.
Materials and methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to identify mRNAs with significant expression differences. The analysis largely followed the packages outlined in GEO2R. The TargetScan, miRanda, and LncRNA2Target databases were utilized to identify lncRNAs and miRNAs. Protein-protein interactions identified hub genes, and Gene Ontology terms revealed their critical pathways. Finally, 28 patients with HrPCa and 28 healthy subjects were included in the study. Whole blood samples were collected from all participants before and after RT. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were then performed, followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the expression of candidate biomarkers. Due to the small sample size (n = 28), Hedges' g was used instead of Cohen's d to minimize bias.
Results: We identified 3,452 genes, including 1,951 up-regulated and 1,501 down-regulated genes, exhibiting significant differential expression in patients with HrPCa. Ultimately, three lncRNAs, seven miRNAs, and nine mRNAs were selected as candidates for comparison between HrPCa patients and healthy subjects. Unlike a significant increase in tumor suppressors, the expression levels of candidate onco-miRNAs, onco-lncRNAs, and oncogenes in HrPCa patients showed a substantial decrease after RT.
Conclusions: The ceRNA network monitoring might be emerging as a valuable tool for assessing treatment responses. However, future studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these results
Preoperative accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy (PHYPORT): state of art and potential clinical application
No full textHypofractionation is a radiotherapy regimen that uses fewer fractions with higher doses with respect to conventional regimen. It can reduce overall treatment time and costs.
Preoperative accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy (PHYPORT) is a new approach in which radiation therapy is delivered in fewer, larger doses over a shorter period of time before surgery and it can be used to shrink tumours before surgical removal in some cancers. The choice of hypofractionated radiotherapy depends on the type of tumour, its localization and total target volume. Also, it is important to assess the potential benefits and risks of higher radiation doses.
PHYPORT could be a more convenient and cost-effective option, but its effectiveness is unclear. This review assesses the use of PHYPORT in cancer treatment.
Łożysko przodujące, jako następstwo wad anatomicznych macicy — opieka medyczna i najnowsze standardy postępowania
No full textIn the days of the common access to the dignostic methods and medical imaging tests congenital uterine malformations are diagnosed more and more often. This type of diseases can be asymptomatic, but they can also be a reason for obstetric failures due to incorrect implantation of the placenta caused by anatomical abnormalities. Placenta previa is a serious danger to patient’s health as well as her unborn child’s health. Ever y women who is pregnant should undergo proper prenatal testing. Transvaginal ultrasound is thought to be a golden standard of diagnostics of placental abnormaliti es and makes it easier to estimate accurate location of the placenta. Precise distance measurement between a lower edge of the placenta and an internal cervical os makes it possibile for doctors to assess the risk of perinatal pathology and say whether natural childbirth is safe for the patient or not. Modern medicine makes us able to treat congenital defects of the uterus but patients, that were treated for abnormalities of the reproductive organ in the past should have careful medical supervision because of the increased risk of serious obstetric compl ications in comparison to general population. Every patient, that had congenital defect of the uterus in the past should be informed about its possible consequences for her and her offspring.W czasach powszechnej dostępności i rozpowszechnienia metod diagnostycznych oraz badań obrazowych zwiększyła się rozpoznawalność wrodzonych wad macicy w populacji kobiet w wieku koncepcyjnym. Schorzenia te, chociaż niejednokrotnie mogą przebiegać w sposób bezobjawowy, mogą również stanowić przyczynę niepowodzeń położniczych w związku z nieprawidłową implantacją łożyska wtórną do nieprawidłowości anato micznych. Specjaliści medycyny rodzinnej, będący lekarzami pierwszego kontaktu, powinni posiadać przekrojową wiedzę na temat stanów nagłych w położnictwie oraz znać związane z nimi standardy postępowania w opiece przedszpitalnej. Łożysko przodujące może stanowić poważne zagrożenie zarówno dla życia matki, jak i płodu, dlatego jego skuteczna diagnostyka prenatalna oraz dalsze prawidłowe prowadzenie i rozwiązanie ciąży stanowią ważny aspekt kliniczny zwiększający bezpieczeństwo okołoporodowe. Ultrasonografia przezpochwowa jest uważana za złoty standard w diagnozowaniu nieprawidłowości implantacji łożyska i umożliwia precyzyjne określenie stopnia przodowania. Pomiar odległości dolnego brzegu łożyska od wewnętrznego ujścia kanału szyjki macicy umożliwia oszacowanie ryzyka wystąpienia krwotoku okołoporodowego i szans na bezpieczne przeprowadzenie porodu drogą pochwową. Współczesna medycyna daje nam szerokie możliwości leczenia zabiegowego anomalii rozw ojowych macicy, ale ciąże pacjentek po korekcji anatomicznych wad nar ządu rodnego w wywiadzie w dalszym ciągu należy traktować jako ciąże podwyższonego ryzyka ze względu częstsze niż w populacji kobiet zdrowych występowanie poważnych powikłań, zarówno matczynych, jak i płodowych. Każda pacjentka, która w przeszłości miała postawione rozpoznanie nieprawidłowej budowy macicy, powinna w okresie przedkoncepcyjnym zostać poinformowana o następstwach, które mogą nieść za sobą te schorzenia dla zdrowia jej i przyszłego potomstwa
Wyniki kontrolowanych badań w ostrych i przewlekłych zespołach wieńcowych na kongresie Europejskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego w 2025 roku
No full textAt the 2025 Congress of the European Society of Cardiology the results of several interesting trials have been presented. A meta-analysis of the REBOOT, BETAMI, DANBLOCK, and CAPITAL-RCT trials demonstrated that beta-blockers in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction reduced the incidence of all-cause death, subsequent MI, or heart failure symptoms. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy (NEO-MINDSET) or early aspirin discontinuation (TARGET-FISRT) as compared to standard DAPT in patients with ACS have been found to be non-inferior to DAPT. Although the DUAL-ACS study was prematurely stopped due to the COVID-19 pandemic, analysis of the collected data does not suggest that DAPT administered for 12 months would provide any additional benefit after MI as compared to 3 months therapy. In turn, the OPTION-STEMI trial demonstrated that complete and immediate revascularization in STEMI patients is safe, but only in stable, low-risk patients with Killip class of less than II. The DAPT-SHOCK-AMI trial, evaluating antiplatelet agents in patients with cardiogenic shock following MI, demonstrated the efficacy of cangrelor in immediate platelet inhibition as compared to crashed ticagrelor, with a comparable bleeding risk. The TAILORED-CHIP trial confirmed the efficacy of standard DAPT in patients undergoing complex PCI as compared to individually tailored antiplatelet therapy. Evolocumab administered to CABG patients in the NEWTON-CABG CardioLink-5 trial did not improve the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts after two-years follow-up. The TOP-CABG trial demonstrated that a DAPT strategy consisting of 3-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy after CABG was associated with non-inferior outcomes and a lower risk of bleeding as compared to the standard 12-month DAPT. The Polish PREVENT-MINS trial failed to demonstrate a benefit of ivabradine in preventing myocardial damage up to 30 days after non-cardiac surgery in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.Podczas Kongresu Europejskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego w 2025 roku przedstawiono wyniki kilku interesujących badań. W metaanalizie badań REBOOT, BETAMI, DANBLOCK, CAPITAL-RCT wykazano, że beta-blokery u pacjentów po zawale mięśnia sercowego (myocardial infarction, MI) z łagodnie obniżoną frakcją wyrzutową lewej komory redukują wystąpienie zgonu z jakiejkolwiek przyczyny, kolejnego MI lub objawów niewydolności serca. Monoterapia inhibitorem P2Y12 (NEO-MINDSET) lub wczesne odstawienie aspiryny (TARGET-FISRT) w stosunku do standardowej DAPT u pacjentów z ACS okazały się nie być gorsze w porównaniu do DAPT. Chociaż badanie DUAL-ACS zostało przedwcześnie zakończone z uwagi na pandemię COVID-19 to analiza zebranych danych nie niesie ze sobą żadnego sygnału przemawiającego za tym, że DAPT stosowany przez 12 miesięcy przyniósłby jakiekolwiek dodatkowe korzyści po MI w porównaniu z 3-miesięcznym. Z kolei w badaniu OPTION-STEMI wykazano, że pełna i bezzwłoczna rewaskularyzacja u pacjentów ze STEMI jest bezpieczna, ale u pacjentów stabilnych, o niskim ryzyku klinicznym, z klasą Killipa poniżej II. W badaniu DAPT-SHOCK-AMI oceniającym skuteczność leków przeciwpłytkowych u pacjentów ze wstrząsem kardiogennym w MI wykazano skuteczność kangreloru w natychmiastowym zahamowaniu płytek w porównaniu do rozdrobnionego tikagreloru, przy porównywalnym ryzyku krwawienia. W badaniu TAILORED-CHIP potwierdzono skuteczność standardowej DAPT u pacjentów poddawanych złożonemu zabiegowi PCI w stosunku do indywidualnie dobranej terapii przeciwpłytkowej. Evolocumab podawny pacjentom po CABG w ramach badania NEWTON-CABG CardioLink-5 nie poprawił drożności żylnych pomostów aortalno-wieńcowych po 2 latach obserwacji. Badanie TOP-CABG pokazało, że strategia DAPT polegająca na 3-miesicznym DAPT, a następnie monoterapia aspiryną po CABG wiązała się z niegorszymi wynikami i mniejszym ryzykiem krwawienia w stosunku do standardowej 12-miesięcznej DAPT. W polskim badaniu PREVENT-MINS nie wykazano korzyści ze stosowania iwabradyny w zapobieganiu uszkodzeniu mięśnia sercowego do 30 dni po operacji niekardiochirurgicznej u pacjentów z rozpoznaną miażdżycową chorobą sercowo-naczyniową lub czynnikami ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego