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Nowości w leczeniu chorych na zróżnicowane raki tarczycy
No full textW pracy przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy z zakresu leczenia zróżnicowanych raków tarczycy (ZRT). Nowotwory te są najczęściej diagnozowanymi rakami tarczycy. Do ZRT należą: rak brodawkowaty tarczycy, inwazyjny otorebkowany wariant pęcherzykowy, rak pęcherzykowy oraz rak onkocytarny. W artykule przedstawiono postępy w zakresie leczenia chirurgicznego z uwzględnieniem technik minimalnieinwazyjnych, a także zasady aktywnego nadzoru tego typu nowotworów. Ponadto przedstawiono zasady leczenia jodem promieniotwórczym a także dostępne metody leczenia w razie wystąpienia oporności na leczenie radiojodem ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem leczenia z wykorzystaniem inhibitorów kinaz.W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono obecny stan wiedzy z zakresu leczenia zróżnicowanych raków tarczycy (ZRT). Nowotwory te są najczęściej diagnozowanymi rakami tarczycy. Do ZRT należą: rak brodawkowaty tarczycy, inwazyjny otorebkowany wariant pęcherzykowy, rak pęcherzykowy oraz rak onkocytarny. W artykule zaprezentowano postępy w zakresie leczenia chirurgicznego z uwzględnieniem technik minimalnie inwazyjnych, a także zasady aktywnego nadzoru tego typu nowotworów. Ponadto przedstawiono zasady leczenia jodem promieniotwórczym oraz dostępne metody leczenia w przypadku wystąpienia oporności na leczenie radiojodem, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem leczenia z wykorzystaniem inhibitorów kinaz.
Komentarz do pracy Nowoczesne leczenie raka piersi — zarządzanie działaniami niepożądanymi
No full textEGFR gene mutation and association with carcinoembryonic antigen status in non-small cell lung cancer — a cross-sectional study
Get PDFIntroduction. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are an important aspect in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some studies suggest that serum CEA levels may serve as a predictor of the outcome of EGFR mutations. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the prevalence of EGFR gene mutations and evaluate the prognostic value of serum CEA levels in predicting the frequency of EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC.
Material andmethods. From January 2018 to December 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 NSCLC patients at the Nghe An Oncology Hospital, in Vietnam. EGFR mutations were analyzed using the real-time PCR method to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CEA values in predicting EGFR mutation traits by ROC curve analysis, and the association was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results. The EGFR gene mutation rate in NSCLC is 41.9%. Among patients with genetic mutations, 50.9% had the del exon 19mutation, 34.8% had the L858R exon 21 mutation, 3.7% had rare exon 18 mutations, 5.6% had dual mutations, and 5.0% had exon 20 insertion mutations. The CEA cutoff value was determined to be 8.95. The sensitivity and specificity of CEA were 76.4% and 47.5%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.627 (95% CI 0.571–0.683; p < 0.01). The EGFR gene mutation was found to be closely associated with the CEA subgroup ≥ 8.95 ng/mL (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.57–4.13).
Conclusions. This study shows a high incidence of EGFR mutations in NSCLC and suggests that CEA can aid in predicting the likelihood of these mutations.
Evaluating the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic and treatment response biomarkers in stage IV colorectal cancer patients
Get PDFIntroduction. Stage IV colorectal cancer presents significant challenges in prognosis and treatment response. Reliable biomarkers are critical for predicting outcomes and guiding treatment choices. This study evaluated the efficacy of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as such biomarkers.
Material and methods. Conducted at a hematology department in Mashhad, Iran, this study involved 105 patients diagnosed with stage IV colorectal cancer. Participants underwent complete blood count analysis before chemotherapy to determine the NLR and PLR. Clinical information was collected, including tumor size, location, and KRAS/NRAS/CEA levels. Post-treatment categorization followed the RECIST guidelines.
Results. Median values for the NLR and PLR were 4.8 and 169.0, respectively. A higher NLR and PLR were significantly associated with progressive disease post-treatment. ROC analysis demonstrated the prognostic accuracy of the NLR (AUC 0.95) and PLR (AUC 0.90) at specific cutoffs. These markers also showed predictive accuracy for treatment response. Correlation analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between initial and post-treatment CEA levels and both the NLR and PLR.
Conclusions. The NLR and PLR are significant predictors of clinical outcomes in stage IV colorectal cancer, with potential utility in routine clinical practice for prognosis and treatment response prediction. Their high sensitivity and specificity suggest a role in guiding clinical decision-making. Further research is needed to refine their application in CRC management
Quantitative anatomy of the infraspinatus muscle in the human foetus
Get PDFBackground: The study presents one of the 6 scapulohumeral muscles, which occupies most of the osteofibrous infraspinatus compartment. Along with the supraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles, the infraspinatus muscle contributes to the rotator cuff. It protects the posterior aspect of the articular capsule of the shoulder joint, and adducts and externally rotates the arm. The aim of the study was to perform a quantitative analysis of the infraspinatus muscle in human foetuses and to elaborate growth dynamics for its morphometric parameters.
Materials and methods: Using anatomical dissection, digital image analysis (NIS Elements AR 3.0), and statistics (Student’s t-test, regression analysis), the vertical, transverse, and oblique diameters, muscle circumference, and projection surface area of the infraspinatus muscle were measured in 36 human foetuses of both sexes (17♂, 19♀) aged 18–30 weeks. The infraspinatus muscle revealed neither sex nor laterality differences.
Results: All examined morphometric parameters of the infraspinatus muscle increased commensurately in accordance with the following linear functions: y = –4.024 + 0.903 × age ± 0.621 (R2 = 0.96) for transverse diameter, y = –3.089 + 1.321 × age ± 0.897 (R2 = 0.97) for vertical diameter, y = –1.161 + 0.632 × age ± 0.444 (R2 = 0.97) for oblique diameter, y = –13.575 + 3.851 × age ± 1.938 (R2 = 0.98) for muscle circumference, and y = –293.512 + 23.228 × age ±19.650 (R2 = 0.95) for projection surface area
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with involvement of extramedullary sites, including the pericardium
No full text
Successful intravascular management of a fractured sheath after percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion
No full textBreastfeeding myths — the prevalence among the population of Polish women
No full textObjectives: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended until the child is six months of age. However, there are many myths about breastfeeding. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge of Polish women about breastfeeding.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 1536 Polish women. A self-administered questionnaire was created using Google Forms survey management software and distributed online. The participants were asked about the most common myths in society regarding breastfeeding.
Results: The highest number of correct answers in all age groups were given to questions related to the nutritional value of breast milk (80.9–94.9%). The fewest correct answers in each age group were recorded to questions concerning the possibility of getting pregnant during the first 6 months of breastfeeding (16.1–35.3%), the safety of drinking non-alcoholic beer during lactation (24.4–37.1%), the benefits of brushing the breast while breastfeeding (16.0–37.1%), and the effectiveness of compresses made of cabbage leaves or sage infusions in relieving ailments during milk rush (6.8–12.4%). Higher education and being a mother were associated with a higher number of correct answers. Age below 25 years was associated with lower number of correct answers.
Conclusions: The results of the survey regarding breastfeeding suggest the existence of various beliefs in the population of Polish women which are not evidence based. This indicates the need for spreading adequate information about breastfeeding, especially among younger women and those who did not obtain higher education
