Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria: OJS Unirc
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CONSERVAZIONE DEI CENTRI STORICI E TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI: MANUALI DEL RECUPERO 4.0
Full text linkConservation of heritage cities is an extremely complex intervention, encompassing a range of different scales: from the urban fabricarticulation, to the rules generating different types of buildings, from the architecture of traditional buildings, to the materiality of their recurrent elements, firmly rooted in local construction and materials. In the 1990s, some Italian heritage cities undertook the initiative to produce Conservation Handbooks. These were illustrated documents, offering practical solutions on the construction and restauration techniques, typical of a specific place. In fact, such handbooks were tailored on the specific site, included exemplar buildings accurately chosen to represent recurrent typologies, and contributed to raise awareness and sense of pride in locals. Current digital technologies such as Heritage Building Information Modelling, H-BIM, are suitable to develop libraries of parametric digitalobjects which could replace traditional handbooks, therefore renamed Conservation Handbook 4.0. This proposal has been tested in an extant case study, by developing H-BIM object, and discussed with a variety of stakeholders and experts to confirm its potential applicability
STIMA DEGLI EFFETTI DELLA RIGENERAZIONE URBANA SUI VALORI IMMOBILIARI
Full text linkUrban regeneration interventions, increasingly implemented in response to the uncontrolled urbanisation of cities, can generate social, environmental, and economic benefits. This study aims to investigate how urban regeneration influences the price of residential real estate. This paper compares techniques commonly used in practice, such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI) models like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The analysis shows that some of the criticalities of MLR, such as the inability to handle non-linearity and collinearity between variables, can be overcome by resorting to AI algorithms. However, the latter fail – for instance – to evaluate the marginal prices of input variables. Therefore, the research first aims to provide a panel of variables useful for predicting real estate values following changes in the quality of the urban environment. Then, a methodology that involves the joint use of MLR and ANN is defined. This is to demonstrate that AI models, when supported by traditional models, can return a broader set of information to valuers and represent a more valid support to decision-making
INTERPRETAZIONI DI MOBILITÀ METROPOLITANA E RESILIENZA. IL CASO DI BOLOGNA
Full text linkThe polysemous nature of the term "resilience" in urban policies is enabling more and more innovative multi-disciplinary entanglement and cooperation, implementing a virtuous dialogue between several knowledge domains as health, ecology, environment, socio-economy, planning. Significant schools of thought stress the role of mobility networks as a strategic issue for the interpretation of the resilience concept in terms of cohesion principles for territories and civic communities. Looking at the ‘space of movement’, new planning tools as SUMP (promoted by the EU) can allow to overcome ancient and persistent separations between mobility networks and the land use design by concretely implementing integrated regeneration strategies. The integrated planning process in the metropolitan area of Bologna appears particularly significant in terms of interpretation of metropolitan resilience related to the ‘space of movement’. Its recent planning path shows the dialogue of mobility networks, public transportation systems, dense urban patterns, green-blue corridors and public spaces which become ‘new urbanity’ realms
Per la tutela dei beni culturali e paesaggistici: ruolo e competenze dell’architetto
Full text linkThere are many skills required to an architect who intends to practice in cultural and landscape heritage protection, even within the public administration. The presence of the architect is an indispensable condition in the field of cultural heritage; however, the season of the self-sufficient architect seems to be over. There are so many disciplines that make up the restoration project which require the presence of more specialists. If the awareness to reduce land consumption seems to constitute a new paradigm in land use planning, the margins for action on existing heritage are considerably broadened. In the view of the need to reuse very heterogeneous spaces, their conservation requires first a careful and accurate project of the designated uses, based on a thorough historical knowledge of the building. The intended utilization of functions has therefore various implications in terms of plant installation and structural consolidation. Aspects that should constitute the architect's cultural background, together with the knowledge of the legislation. There is however another strategic challenge for the protection of heritage. It concerns the landscape and its transformations, often the prerogative of other specialists, in most cases implemented with the introduction of mitigation elements, far removed from the principle of correct landscape integration. A challenge the architect cannot escape from.Molte sono le competenze richieste a un architetto che intenda esercitare la professione nel campo della tutela dei beni culturali e paesaggistici, pure all’interno della pubblica amministrazione.Se la figura dell’architetto resta imprescindibile nel campo dei beni culturali, pare tramontata la stagione dell’architetto autosufficiente. Le discipline che alimentano il progetto di restauro, infatti, sono tali e tante da richiedere la presenza di più specialisti.Se la consapevolezza di dover ridurre il consumo di suolo pare costituire un nuovo paradigma nella pianificazione territoriale, i margini d’azione sul costruito si ampliano considerevolmente. A fronte pertanto dell’esigenza di riusare spazi anche molto eterogenei, il loro restauro richiede in primis un attento e accurato progetto delle destinazioni d’uso, basato su di un’approfondita conoscenza storica del manufatto. La scelta delle funzioni comporta diverse implicazioni in termini impiantistici e di consolidamento strutturale. Temi che, unitamente alla conoscenza della normativa, dovrebbero costituire il bagaglio culturale dell’architetto.Vi è però un’altra sfida strategica per la tutela del patrimonio. È quella concernente il paesaggio e le relative trasformazioni, spesso prerogative di altri tecnici, nella maggior parte dei casi attuate con l’introduzione di elementi di mitigazione, ben distanti dal principio di corretto inserimento paesaggistico. Una sfida cui la professione di architetto non può sottrarsi
La comprensione del restauro in un contesto post-sismico, tra criticità, strumenti, opportunità e prospettive
Full text linkIn the event of disasters, the concept of restoration is often misrepresented as a (impossible) return to previous situations, or limited to decorative elements considered as accessories that can be separated from the architectural organism; in any case, it is placed in the background (if not completely ignored) with respect to the issues of safety and usability. The understanding of the values and the meanings of architecture is therefore distorted and canceled with respect to the urgency of "recovering" a heritage identified only in the best-known monuments, neglecting the theoretical reflections developed following the wars destructions and, in particular, the experiences of previous post-seismic reconstructions that often disfigured cities and territories more than the immediate damage itself. Yet, if on the one hand the study of buildings in damaged contexts presents significant critical issues, on the other hand the material observation provides significant opportunities for the deepening of historical-construction knowledge; this learning – essential for understanding the actual state of damage and vulnerability, often determined by anthropic actions – also provides the opportunity to develop new knowledge on the heritage itself. Teaching for architectural restoration therefore assumes a central role both to reflect on the purposes of conservation and to contribute significantly to the realization of the knowledge path indicated by the Guidelines and regulations.In occasione di catastrofi il concetto di restauro viene spesso travisato come un (impossibile) ritorno a situazioni precedenti, oppure limitato agli elementi decorativi considerati come accessori separabili dall’organismo architettonico; in ogni caso, esso è posto in secondo piano (quando non del tutto ignorato) rispetto alle questioni della sicurezza e del ripristino della funzionalità.La comprensione dei valori e dei significati dell’architettura risulta quindi distorta e annullata rispetto all’urgenza di “recuperare” un patrimonio identificato solo nei monumenti più noti, trascurando le riflessioni teoriche sviluppate in seguito alle distruzioni belliche e, in particolare, le esperienze delle precedenti ricostruzioni post-sismiche che spesso hanno sfigurato città e territori più degli stessi danni immediati.Eppure, se da un lato lo studio degli edifici nei contesti danneggiati presenta notevoli criticità, dall’altro l’osservazione materiale fornisce rilevanti opportunità per l’approfondimento della conoscenza storico-costruttiva; tale apprendimento – essenziale per comprendere l’effettivo stato di danno e vulnerabilità, spesso determinate da azioni antropiche – consente di sviluppare nuove conoscenze sul patrimonio stesso.La didattica per il restauro assume quindi un ruolo centrale sia per riflettere sulle finalità della conservazione, sia per contribuire in modo significativo a realizzare il percorso di conoscenza indicato dalle normative
Specializzazione e Trasversalità: una coppia indecidibile. Università, beni culturali e restauro
Full text linkThe issue of specialization and/or transversality, disciplinarity and/or multi/ inter / trans / co-disciplinarity is widely discussed; this may be partly due to the fact that notions of current regional ontologies, borders and identities have been brought into question. This topic is fundamental to a number of areas within university politics and management. It is at the basis of the “Reform of knowledges” proposal by the National University Council (CUN) and the discussion around the creation of a new Master Course in Enhancement and Management of Cultural Heritage, as well as the ongoing debate on the appointment of the members of the Technical-Scientific Committees of the MiBACT. Currently, the issue is also of central importance to the ongoing work on the updating of Bachelor's and Master's Degree Courses, on teaching methods and on the skills necessary to Architecture graduates. Since the work of restoration appertains to architecture, our discipline is fully involved, especially in the face of the current crisis in the building sector and the consequent crisis of degrees and masters which refer to that sector. These areas of discussion clearly show how the theme of cultural heritage, its definition and its restoration, is of prime importance and therefore how important it is to develop a common reflection on this. The current contribution aims to offer a framework for these discussions, combined with a critical and personal reading.La questione della specializzazione e/o della trasversalità, della disciplinarità e/o della multi/inter/trans/co disciplinarità è una questione ampiamente discussa che può avere una delle sue origini nella messa in discussione delle attuali ontologie regionali, dei loro confini, delle loro identità.Nell’ambito della politica e della gestione universitaria, questa questione è alla base sia della proposta della Riforma dei saperi da parte del CUN, sia della discussione intorno alla creazione di un nuovo Corso di Laurea in Valorizzazione e gestione del patrimonio culturale, nonché del dibattito sviluppatosi per la designazione dei membri dei Comitati Tecnico-Scientifici del Mi(BA)C(T).Attualmente, il tema riprende la propria centralità nella discussione sulla manutenzione dei Corsi di Laurea e di Laurea Magistrale, sulla modalità di erogazione della didattica e sulle competenze da acquisire necessarie per i laureati in Architettura. Essendo l’attività di restauro propria della figura dell’architetto, la nostra disciplina viene a pieno titolo coinvolta, tanto più di fronte alla crisi attuale del settore delle costruzioni e alla crisi delle lauree che a quel settore si riferiscono.Le discussioni mostrano con chiarezza come il tema dei Beni Culturali, la loro definizione e il loro restauro, si trovi al centro e come sia quindi importante sviluppare una riflessione comune.Il contributo intende offrire un quadro di queste discussioni, unito a una lettura critica e personale
Istruzioni diverse: il repertorio dell’architetto civile
Full text linkThe personal experience of the difficulties encountered by any novice architect convinced Vittone of the importance of providing good examples for his own students and readers. For this purpose, the most substantial section of the Istruzioni diverse (Lugano 1766) was conceived as «a mass of ideas of buildings, both sacred and profane, and of several ornaments pertaining to them» (Book II, Section II), for the profit of beginners. Our paper traces the structure of this part of the book through the analysis of the texts, and of the dozens of engravings that form the repertoire of models. The aim is to clarify the logic and mechanisms of Vittone’s selection and manipulation of both his own projects and those of other authors. What emerges, is not just a legacy of architectural forms belonging to a consolidated tradition: there is also a continuity in the architectural teaching method, which Vittone had acquired from Juvarra in Turin, firstly, and which consisted in combining the study of drawing to the practical training on the building site.L’aver sperimentato di persona le difficoltà che incontra qualsiasi architetto alle prime armi rende Vittone perfettamente consapevole dell’importanza di disporre di buoni esempi. Nasce così la sezione più corposa delle Istruzioni diverse (Lugano 1766): «una selva d’Idee di Fabbriche, sì sacre, che profane, e di parecchj Ornamenti spettanti alle medesime» (Lib. II, Sez. II) per mostrare ai principianti come fare. Il saggio ripercorre la struttura dei capitoli attraverso l’analisi dei testi, ma soprattutto delle numerose incisioni che compongono il repertorio di modelli. L’intento è di chiarire logiche e meccanismi della manipolazione operata da Vittone sui progetti propri e altrui a uso della pubblicazione. Non si tratta soltanto di un retaggio di forme architettoniche appartenenti a una tradizione consolidata: a emergere è anche una precisa continuità nell’impostazione stessa della didattica dell’architettura, che Vittone acquisisce da Juvarra a Torino più che nell’Accademia romana, e che consiste nel coniugare lo studio del disegno alla prassi operativa del cantiere
IL PATRIMONIO COSTRUITO DEI CENTRI MINORI: INDICATORI PER L’ANALISI DELLE VALENZE STORICO-ARCHITETTONICHE
Full text linkThe small municipalities are characterized by a valuable material and immaterial heritage, evidence of identity memories and traditions. Over time, migration flows have led these realities to a gradual marginalization and demographic contraction. So that, nowadays, there are many initiatives aimed at contrasting their depopulation. The shared idea sees the valorisation of small towns as an essential action to mend the city-countryside relationship in view of the sustainable development of territories. The importance of adopting organic strategies for the recovery of small municipalities is recognized. Thus, with the aim of providing objective parameters for consistent decisions on the most effective valorisation strategies, criteria and sub-criteria are defined for the multi-criteria evaluation of investment projects. The focus is on indicators of historical-architectural value of the built heritage, so as to provide a reference panel
CHI GUIDA LA CRESCITA? VALORI IMMOBILIARI E SVILUPPO DELLE CITTÀ METROPOLITANE
Full text linkSince 1990, Italian national institutions have promoted an action to favor some of the most important cities, prefiguring their role as a territorial pivot. The research aimed to verify whether metropolitan cities responded similarly to the 2008 and 2012 economic shocks. The hypotheses underlying the study were two. The first has taken on a highly concentrated development, while the second one assumed a distributed growth, consistently with the polycentric nature of the Italian territories. Methodology assumed that real estate market values represent a synthetic indicator of a city's growth (or decline) for a broader territorial context. The results highlighted a concentration phenomenon in Milan, the only one of the twelve cities examined to recordan increase in real estate values over the timespan considered due in particular to the developement in average of the advanced services sector in this city