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Azimuthal anisotropies of charged particles with high transverse momentum in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFA measurement is presented of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients for charged particles produced in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.44 nb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2018. The values of v2 and v3 are measured for charged particles over a wide range of transverse momentum (pT), 1–400 GeV, and Pb+Pb collision centrality, 0–60%, using the scalar-product and multiparticle cumulant methods. These methods are sensitive to event-by-event fluctuations and nonflow effects in the measurements of azimuthal anisotropies. Positive values of v2 are observed up to a pT of approximately 100 GeV from both methods across all centrality intervals. Positive values of v3 are observed up to approximately 25 GeV using both methods, though the application of the three-subevent technique to the multiparticle cumulant method leads to significant changes at the highest pT. At high pT (pT 10 GeV), charged particles are dominantly from jet fragmentation. These jets, and hence the measurements presented here, are sensitive to the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma produced in Pb+Pb collisions
The need and strategies for increasing whole-grain intake - a narrative review focussed on the UK and Ireland
Get PDFConsuming whole grains (processed cereal grains containing all the bran, germ and endosperm), and whole-grain foods such as bread, porridge and pasta made from them, is universally recognised as beneficial for health. This is consistently shown through reduced risk and incidence of chronic diseases such as CVD, Type 2 diabetes, and some cancers with higher whole grain and whole-grain food intakes. Despite this, and the promotion of whole-grain foods in many food-based dietary guidelines, their consumption by the majority of global populations remains below levels predicted to improve health, particularly in the UK and Ireland. This paper (a) describes how whole grains and whole-grain foods can be better identified by consumers and food manufacturers through adoption of standard definitions and food-labelling processes; (b) summarizes predicted benefits associated with higher whole-grain consumption; and (c) discusses how developing population-based strategies to increase whole-grain consumption can beneficially affect dietary fibre intake, using the Danish Whole-Grain Campaign as a model for success. We suggest that the forthcoming ISO definition of whole grains as a food ingredient together with conditions of use should be adopted as soon as possible in the UK and Ireland. The health benefits of consuming more whole grain are unequivocal and should be recognized by including whole grains in dietary guidance, preferably with a minimum intake level for improved health. Public Health Agencies in the UK and Ireland should work in partnership with academics, industry and retailers to raise the profile of whole grains and whole-grain foods to improve population health
A person-in-context perspective on care(e)r success:examining (changing) conceptualisations of career success of mid-life women providing informal care for dependent adults
Get PDFThis article explores the perspectives of career success of mid-life (ages 45–65) women engaging in paid employment alongside informal caring for dependent adults in the United Kingdom (UK). Calendar interviews were conducted with 30 mid-life women in Leicestershire where the focus was on understanding the participants’ own perspectives on career success. Findings demonstrate that following the turning point or career shock of becoming a carer, mid-life women often report changing perceptions of career success towards subjective measures. This extends existing literature on the shaping of career transitions to specifically include the effects of decisions around care responsibilities on perspectives on career success. We demonstrate the utility of the notion of the sustainable career and bring a different perspective to the literature on career success, an important contribution especially as the need to balance informal caring and formal employment has become more prevalent. Finally, we highlight a specific role for Human Resource Development practitioners in managing policy and career conversations with employees beyond objective measures enabling individuals to pursue career success in ways that can integrate work and non-work roles
Community-based behavioural activation for depression in adolescents:feasibility study, survey and stakeholder consultations
Get PDFInteracting with Yielding Vehicles: A Perceptually Plausible Model for Pedestrian Road Crossing Decisions
Get PDFAs autonomous driving technology advances, automated vehicles (AVs) will increasingly share road space with
pedestrians, creating significant challenges for AV systems. Effective interaction between AVs and pedestrians is one of the
key hurdles. Pedestrian simulation tools offer the potential
to expedite the evaluation and refinement of these interactive
capabilities. However, existing research lacks efforts to model
pedestrian behavior in vehicle-yielding scenarios, resulting in
distorted modeling results. This paper proposes a perceptually
plausible road-crossing decision model that creates temporaldynamic crossing decisions across a range of vehicle-yielding
scenarios. Specifically, a proposed hybrid perception strategy
explains how pedestrians may apply psychophysical cues to
make crossing decisions. Discrete choice models based on the
hybrid perception strategy combined with a crossing initiation
model reproduce the details of crossing decisions: the decision
and its timing. An empirical dataset collected in a pedestrian
simulator is applied to validate the model. Additionally, the latest
crossing decision models, i.e., the evidence accumulation model
and the artificial neural networks approach, are employed as
comparisons. The results show that the proposed model accurately reproduces crossing decision patterns affected by diverse
vehicle kinematics in vehicle-yielding scenarios in a perceptually
plausible manner. Our results strengthen the notion that there is
a perceptual threshold for pedestrians to control their decisionmaking strategy. The proposed theory and approach bring
insights into the computational pedestrian road-crossing behavior
and have practical implications in traffic simulation and AV
development
Data-driven prediction of daily Cryptosporidium river concentrations for water resource management: use of catchment-averaged vs spatially distributed features in a Bagging-XGBoost model
Get PDFCryptosporidium is a waterborne pathogen which poses a major challenge to water utilities because of its resistance to chlorination and its infectivity at very low concentrations. The ability to make predictions of Cryptosporidium concentrations in rivers would aid significantly in abstraction-based risk management of water resources, but current models are inappropriate for making predictions at the temporal resolutions required to inform abstraction decision-making. This study utilises Cryptosporidium data collected over 7 years at a major river abstraction site in South East England, alongside publicly-available remote sensing data, to train a Bagging-XGBoost model for Cryptosporidium predictive applications at daily timescales. Different combinations of catchment-averaged and spatially distributed datasets were trialled as model inputs. The highest-performing models predicted 69–75 % of >1 oocysts L−1 exceedances, and they also predicted the timing of 78–89 % of higher (>2 oocysts L−1) exceedances. Interpretation of predictions using SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis indicated that sources near (<30 km) to the intake were the most important and identified catchment-averaged rainfall at 1 and 2-day lag time and antecedent Cryptosporidium measurements as significant inputs. The study demonstrates the potential of such models when an unparsimonious approach to feature selection is taken, because of their ability to discern non-linear trends and their resistance to multicollinearity and redundancy in the input data. Such models could improve the ability of water utilities to predict Cryptosporidium peaks and aid abstraction decision-making, thereby reducing the loadings of this pathogen to reservoirs and water treatment works
To Determine if Changing to White Light Street Lamps Reduces Crime: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Crime Occurrence during the Relighting of Leeds, a UK City
Get PDFThis confirmatory study estimates the effect on Police Recorded Crimes (PRCs) of a relighting programme that installed nearly 80,000 white-light lamps, replacing predominantly orange ones, in the years 2005 to 2013, throughout the UK city of Leeds. Time series of weekly PRCs in all 107 Middle-layer Super Output Areas, while road lighting was being almost completely relit, were analysed using multilevel modelling. The background change in PRCs in each area, when and where no lighting was changed, was separated from that associated with when and where replacement white lamps were installed, by including a polynomial for the underlying time-trend. The key interest is how the replacement by new white lamps affects the rate of crime, from the start to the finish of the relighting. The results show that over the period, there was an estimated 2% rise in daylight adjusted darkness crime associated with relighting, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−3% to +7%). Similarly associated with relighting, (unadjusted) darkness crime showed a rise of 3%, 95% CI (−1% to +8%) and the round-the-clock measure of crime (the sum of darkness and daylight crime) gave an estimated rise of 3%, 95% CI (0% to +6%). Many checks were made, all giving consistent null results; that is, giving narrow confidence intervals around zero of only a few percent wide after relighting. Therefore, no evidence was found for an improvement (or detriment) in the city’s level of crime by relighting, contrary to the substantial reduction anticipated by the city council
An international ASXL3 natural history study: deep phenotypic analyses including detailed reports of a milder phenotype, novel associations, and clinical recommendations
Get PDFNatural History Studies can help inform clinician and caregiver expectations, form the basis of management guidelines, and provide a comparator for therapeutic intervention. In rare conditions, where collection of prospective longitudinal data is untimely and impractical, quasi-natural history data—from multiple individuals of different ages—provides an alternative approach. A detailed genotype–phenotype analysis of 64 individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic ASXL3 variants was carried out, comprising qualitative and quantitative data. The majority of data was collected through direct clinic consultation with the individual and/−or caregiver(s). We report significant phenotypic variability, but improvement trends in feeding, hypotonia, verbalisation, and motor skills over time. Findings include: an increased prevalence of antenatal and neonatal structural anomalies, an emerging renal phenotype, a tendency for poor post-natal growth (with novel reports of obesity later in childhood), and a lower-than-expected prevalence of seizures (compared to the existing literature). We also provide the first qualitative descriptions of several mildly affected probands, at different ages. Our recommendations include: baseline renal imaging after diagnosis, and Dental and Ophthalmological follow-up for all. We describe the largest-to-date cohort of individuals with ASXL3-related disorder, including 24 novel variants, novel clinical findings, quasi-natural history trends, management insights, and recommendations
Process and feasibility of implementing guideline recommendations for the care of osteoarthritis in West Africa
Get PDFObjectives
To assess the feasibility of a guideline-informed model of care for osteoarthritis in primary healthcare and community pharmacy settings in the West African context.
Methods
The 4-phase mixed-methods programme of research undertaken in Southwest Nigeria, West Africa. Phases 1–2 involved contextual adaptation of guideline-informed care—Joint Implementation of Guidelines for OSteoArthritis in West-Africa (JIGSAW-A): (1) focus groups (n=4) with patients, community pharmacists and healthcare professionals (HCPs) to identify patient preferences and support needs of HCPs; (2) stakeholders resource contextualisation/codesign (ie, osteoarthritis guidebook in local languages, HCPs training/support package). Iterative codesign workshops (n=3) using participatory approaches, model osteoarthritis consultation simulations and consensus agreement.
Phase 3: following training and a 12-week pilot implementation period, patient-reported quality of care was assessed by the OsteoArthritis Quality Indicator questionnaire (modified 9-item scale 0%–100%, 100%=best), and implementation of the JIGSAW-A model of care was evaluated using the Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance framework. Patient and HCP interviews explored barriers and facilitators, usefulness and acceptability. In phase 4, recommendations for further scale-up and wider implementation of integrated osteoarthritis care were specified.
Results
Phases 1–2 highlight the burden and impact of everyday living with joint pain and misinformation which affects help-seeking. Participants expressed the need for a broad information and education campaign and access to self-management support, which informed iterative contextualisation of osteoarthritis care and patient information resources used to support pilot implementation in phase 3.
Over 12 weeks, 12 HCPs (community pharmacies, physiotherapists and doctors) were involved in evaluation across nine sites. Of 369 patient consultations that were reported, high rates of quality indicator achievement were found for self-management advice (97%), topical analgesic use (89%) and exercise recommendations (87%). Compliance with full patient assessment in line with the protocol was poor (17%).
Conclusions
We found that evidence-based care for osteoarthritis, involving community pharmacies (as a usual first point of call) and other primary care clinicians, is feasible and may improve aspects of care in low-resource settings. Further research is needed to ascertain long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness
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