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La transferencia en comunicación, paso final de la investigación
Get PDFUniversity research has a final function, recognized as such by the Science Law, which is knowledge transfer: returning to society the knowledge generated to solve problems and improve our environments. Knowledge transfer has historically been associated with certain areas of knowledge, such as engineering or health sciences. However, in the Social Sciences, knowledge transfer often occurs spontaneously and almost without full awareness, and its actions are regulated: generation of patents, knowledge-based companies (KBCs), contracts with companies (68/83), and business chairs. This monograph aims to make this activity visible, help categorize it, and raise awareness so that we can recognize the transfer taking place in communication research
Co 0.6Fe 0.4O-Co 1.4Fe 1.6O 4 core-shell nanoparticles with colossal exchange bias.
Get PDFThe exchange bias (EB) effect is widely utilized in spintronics with 2D materials like thin films. Exploring the EB effect in nanoparticles opens up tremendous opportunities, such as miniaturization of devices, enhanced efficiency, and tunable properties, all of which are size-dependent. Due to the increased surface area to volume ratio, magnetic nanoparticles display unique characteristics, allowing for the manipulation of their magnetic properties, such as the EB effect commonly observed between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferro-/ferrimagnetic (FM/FiM) materials. This work employs a simple and highly reproducible one-step thermal decomposition method to fabricate colloidally stable Co 0.6Fe 0.4O-Co 1.4Fe 1.6O 4 core-shell (CS) nanoparticles with a lattice-matched interface and strong exchange coupling. We investigate their temperature and field-dependent magnetic properties using time-of-flight neutron diffraction and magnetometry. These nanoparticles exhibit the highest reported EB values among core-shell nanoparticles, reaching a maximum of 10.34 kOe. Additionally, the core exhibits antiferromagnetism above room temperature, with a Néel temperature of approximately 397 K, making it more suitable for high-temperature applications. This study paves the way for designing core-shell biphasic nanoparticles to enhance the EB effect and tune the effective magnetic anisotropy, offering potential future applications in nanospintronics and nanomedicine
Evaluating features and variations in deepfake videos using the CoAtNet model
Get PDFDeepfake video detection has emerged as a critical challenge in the realm of artificial intelligence, given its implications for misinformation and digital security. This study evaluates the generalisation capabilities of the CoAtNet model—a hybrid convolution–transformer architecture—for deepfake detection across diverse datasets. Although CoAtNet has shown exceptional performance in several computer vision tasks, its potential for generalisation in cross-dataset scenarios remains underexplored. Thus, in this study, we explore CoAtNet’s generalisation ability by conducting an extensive series of experiments with a focus on discovering features and variations in deepfake videos. These experiments involve training the model using various input and processing configurations, followed by evaluating its performance on widely recognised public datasets. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of intra-dataset performance, with an AUC between 81.4% and 99.9%. Our model also achieves outstanding results in cross-dataset evaluations, with an AUC equal to 78%. This study demonstrates that CoAtNet achieves the best AUC for both intra-dataset and cross-dataset deepfake video detection, particularly on Celeb-DF, while also showing strong performance on DFDC
SynDL: A large-scale synthetic test collection for passage retrieval
Get PDFLarge-scale test collections play a crucial role in Information Retrieval (IR) research. However, according to the Cranfield paradigm and the research into publicly available datasets, the existing information retrieval research studies are commonly developed on small-scale datasets that rely on human assessors for relevance judgments — a time-intensive and expensive process. Recent studies have shown the strong capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in producing reliable relevance judgments with human accuracy but at a greatly reduced cost. In this paper, to address the missing large-scale ad-hoc document retrieval dataset, we extend the TREC Deep Learning Track (DL) test collection via additional language model synthetic labels to enable researchers to test and evaluate their search systems at a large scale. Specifically, such a test collection includes more than 1,900 test queries from the previous years of tracks. We compare system evaluation with past human labels from past years and find that our synthetically created large-scale test collection can lead to highly correlated system rankings
Energy efficiency maximization for a relay assisted parasitic symbiotic radio network
Get PDFRelay-assisted symbiotic radio (SR) has been recently proposed to overcome the blocking of the direct link from the primary transmitter (PT) or backscatter node (BN) to the destination node (DN). However, the energy efficiency (EE), which is an important performance metric for SR networks, has been largely ignored in existing studies of the relay-assisted SR. To fill the gap, this work maximizes the EE of a relay-assisted parasitic SR network, which comprises a PT, a BN, a relay node (RN), and a DN. More specifically, we formulate a mixed-integer programming optimization problem that maximizes the system EE by jointly optimizing the transmit power of the PT, the power reflection coefficient of the BN, the transmit power and the power allocation ratio at the RN as well as the successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding order at the DN. We decompose the formulated non-convex problem into two subproblems corresponding to the two different SIC decoding orders, respectively. For each subproblem, we convert its objective function from a fractional form into a subtractive form by using a Dinkelbach-based method, and then utilize the block coordinate descent (BCD) method to further decouple it into two subsubproblems that are proved to be convex. Based on the obtained solutions, we devise an iterative algorithm to solve each subproblem by solving its two subsubproblems alternately. The optimal solution to the subproblem with a higher system EE returns a near-optimal solution to the original problem. Simulation results demonstrate the rapid convergence of the proposed algorithms and validate the significant advantages of our proposed algorithms over the baseline schemes
Optimization of sgRNA expression with RNA Pol III regulatory elements in Anopheles stephensi
Get PDFAnopheles stephensi, a major Asian malaria vector, is invading Africa and has been implicated in recent outbreaks of urban malaria. Control of this species is key to eliminating malaria in Africa. Genetic control strategies, and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drives are emerging as promising species-specific, environmentally friendly, scalable, affordable methods for pest control. To implement these strategies, a key parameter to optimize for high efficiency is the spatiotemporal control of Cas9 and the gRNA. Here, we assessed the ability of four RNA Pol III promoters to bias the inheritance of a gene drive element inserted into the cd gene of An. stephensi. We determined the homing efficiency and examined eye phenotype as a proxy for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) events in somatic tissue. We found all four promoters to be active, with mean inheritance rates up to 99.8%. We found a strong effect of the Cas9-bearing grandparent (grandparent genotype), likely due to maternally deposited Cas9
Spatial heterogeneity in salinity and redox dynamics during the Ordovician-Silurian transition: Multi-proxy constraints on the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction mechanisms
No full textThe Ordovician-Silurian transition (OST; ∼448–443 Ma) was marked by the Hirnantian glaciation, rapid climatic shifts, and the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME). While redox changes and ice-sheet dynamics have been widely studied, the role of salinity-pH-redox feedbacks in modulating extinction mechanisms remains poorly constrained. Here, we present a high-resolution multi-proxy dataset (δ11B, Sr/Ba, B/Ga, redox-sensitive trace metals, and iron speciation) from middle- and outer-shelf successions of the Upper Yangtze Sea, South China, to unravel spatial-temporal feedbacks between glacial meltwater, ocean connectivity, and biogeochemical cycles. Our results reveal pronounced salinity stratification in the middle-shelf (brackish to freshwater conditions, B/Ga 64 ppm, FePy/FeHR > 0.8) through sulfate limitation and pH-driven boron adsorption. In contrast, the outer shelf maintained stable marine salinity (B/Ga ∼6.2, δ11B ∼ −8 ‰) and suboxic conditions (Mo < 25 ppm, FePy/FeHR < 0.35), acting as refugia for benthic fauna. Crucially, boron isotopes unveil pH-salinity coupling during icehouse collapse−freshwater dilution of the middle-shelf amplified H₂S toxicity by reducing carbonate buffering capacity, while open-marine connectivity stabilized outer-shelf pH. The first LOME pulse was initiated by glacial expansion-driven cooling and habitat contraction, with its severity amplified by pulsed meltwater-induced mid-shelf euxinia, whereas the second pulse was linked to post-glacial transgressive euxinia amplified by sulfate influx. This study establishes paleosalinity as a critical amplifier of climate-biogeochemical feedbacks, demonstrating how spatial ocean connectivity regulated extinction selectivity through salinity stratification. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic framework linking icehouse dynamics to marine ecosystem collapse, with implications for understanding hypoxia expansion in modern warming oceans
Moments of inertia of rare-earth nuclei and the nuclear time-odd mean fields within exact solutions of the adiabatic theory
Get PDFMobile Phones in the Drylands: How Technology Supports Community Information Sharing in Rural Kenya
Get PDFMobile phone usage is widespread in rural Kenya, and digital services delivering livelihood-specific information can potentially aid development and mitigate climate impacts. However, to be embraced by individuals and communities, information should be delivered in ways that integrate with current community practices. We present an interview study with 24 community "information sharers", investigating information sharing practices and technology use within rural dryland pastoralist communities in Isiolo county. This region experiences frequent droughts exacerbated by climate change, and information regarding weather, water and climate is especially relevant. We found diverse ways in which information is obtained and shared to support dryland lives and livelihoods, with smartphones playing a prominent role. Notably, WhatsApp is widely used and integrates well with existing practices. However, inconsistency in the access and provision of information can lead to inequalities within and between communities. We offer several design recommendations for information provision systems in these settings
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