30793 research outputs found
Sort by
Spatially Periodic Solutions for Evolution Anisotropic Variable‐Coefficient Navier–Stokes Equations: II. Serrin‐Type Solutions
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
This paper has no associated data.We consider evolution (non-stationary) space-periodic solutions to the n-dimensional non-linear Navier-Stokes equations of anisotropic fluids with the viscosity coefficient tensor variable in space and time and satisfying the relaxed ellipticity condition. Employing the Galerkin algorithm, we prove the existence of Serrin-type solutions, that is, weak solutions with the velocity in the periodic space L2(0,T;H˙n/2#σ), n≥2. The solution uniqueness and regularity results are also discussed.UK Research and Innovation (UKRI
Supporting parents with disability and other challenges through occupational therapy: What is needed?
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.Supporting Information is available online at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1440-1630.70026#support-information-section .Introduction:
Parenting is a highly valued and challenging occupational role in which many parents experience challenges. Yet the involvement of occupational therapy in supporting parenting for adults with disability and other challenges is relatively low. This paper explores what is needed to increase occupational therapy support for parents with disability and other challenges.
Methods:
An international online survey was developed based on previous literature and refined via cognitive interviews. It was reviewed by international occupational therapy academics from 11 countries and translated into eight languages. The survey sought the experiences and views of occupational therapists who work with adult populations about supporting parenting occupations. For this paper, fixed-choice and free-text responses illuminating what is needed to increase the provision of that support were analysed. A mixed methods design was used, combining descriptive statistics and interpretive content analysis. Multivariate multinominal logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between needs identified and participant and practice characteristics.
Consumer and Community Involvement:
This survey and paper were developed with input from occupational therapists and occupational therapy academics from 13 countries.
Results:
Participants (n = 1347) identified six types of factors needed to increase occupational therapy support for parenting occupations in adult populations. These were supportive institutional structures; training, resources and assessments; and recognition of occupational therapists' suitability to support parenting both within and outside the profession. Responses varied somewhat by country, setting, population, previous training and clinical experience.
Conclusion:
Increasing occupational therapy support for parents with a variety of disabilities and other challenges requires efforts from individual occupational therapists, professional bodies, organisations and educators.This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Sydney, as part of the Wiley - The University of Sydney agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians
Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Vascular Risk Factors in the Alzheimer's Continuum: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFBiomarkers Poster Presentation: Neuroimaging at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC25), Toronto, Canada, 27-31 July 2025.Background:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) tends to co-exists with other pathologies, with vascular pathology being the most common type. It is well known that the presence of comorbidities results in differential disease trajectories and heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes. The aim of this systematic literature review was to examine the structural and functional neuroimaging patterns of vascular comorbidity in the AD spectrum.
Method:
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) systematic review guidelines to search for articles in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Selection of participants included younger, middle -aged and older adults and only studies of patients in the AD continuum were included. The initial selection included 1435 articles and after a thorough screening based of a series of defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 papers were selected for structural imaging, and 49 papers for functional imaging.
Result:
The general findings from these studies were that participants with vascular comorbidity had widespread cortical thinning, volumetric loss and poor white matter integrity, bilaterally, across AD-susceptible regions in the temporal and parietal lobes but also in frontal and occipital regions. Interestingly, cognitively unimpaired older adults with vascular co-pathology showed greater functional connectivity in the regions of the sensorimotor and visual networks. This was supported by corresponding evidence of higher thickness in the postcentral gyrus and larger volumes in the deep subcortical regions.
Conclusion:
Findings from this systematic literature review reveal that the effect of vascular burden is not uniform and region specific. Rather, it tends to have an effect at the macro level, affecting both AD-susceptible region, regions of the sensorimotor and visual networks, as well as deeper subcortical regions such as the thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum. Two distinct imaging patterns were observed between cognitive impaired and unimpaired individuals: one is that of widespread cortical thinning, volume loss and weaker functional connectivity between brain regions in impaired individuals; in cognitively unimpaired individuals an opposite pattern was instead detected, with greater regional cortical thickness, larger volumes and stronger functional connectivity
Caregivers’ perception of ageing, perceived health and strain in caregiving – The preliminary cross culture analysis
Get PDFDementia Care Research And Psychosocial Factors Poster Presentation: Psychosocial Factors And Environmental Design at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC24), Philadelphia, PA, USA, 28 July-1 August 2024.Background:
Understanding how caregivers perceive their own aging process is essential for addressing their well-being and the quality of care they provide. This study aimed at exploring the relationship between caregivers’ self-perception of ageing in relation to their strain experienced in caregiving, and their perceived physical and mental health symptoms. Moreover, to examine if the strain experience and perceived health condition were key predictors to their self-perception of ageing. Additionally, to analyze how demographic variables, such as gender and cultural background, would impose influence on self-perception of ageing
Method:
A questionnaire was developed in collect data on the variables, including self-perceptions of ageing (SPA), caregivers' perceived strain (PS), caregivers physical health symptoms (PHS), and mental health symptoms (MHS).
Result:
60 spousal caregivers, 33 male and 27 female with (24 Western, 24 Asian, and 12 Black Asian) participated in a cross-sectional survey. There was a strong negative correlation between the self-perception of ageing and caregivers’ strain (r = −.55, p < .001), physical symptoms (r = −.67, p < .001), and mental health symptoms (r = −.36, p < .001). Results of multiple regression analysis showed that caregivers’ strain, physical symptoms, and mental health are good predictors of self-perception of ageing, and the regression equation account for a significant proportion of variance in self-perception of ageing (R2 = .56, Adjusted R2 = .53).
Conclusion:
Cultural background imposes influence on self-perception of ageing, and there are significant interactions between gender and cultural background. Post-hoc multiple comparisons using Bonferroni tests showed that Western had significantly higher self-perception of ageing scores than the other two culture groups, while the differences between Asian or Black Asian group are significant
Epileptic Seizure Detection Using Hyperdimensional Computing and Binary Naive Bayes Classifier
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
The SWEC-ETHZ short-term iEEG dataset used in this study is publicly available at http://ieeg-swez.ethz.ch/ (accessed on 1 December 2025).Epileptic seizure (ES) detection is critical for improving clinical outcomes in epilepsy management. While intracranial EEG (iEEG) provides high-quality neural recordings, existing detection methods often rely on large amounts of data, involve high computational complexity, or fail to generalize in low-data settings. In this paper, we propose a lightweight, data-efficient, and high-performance approach for ES detection based on hyperdimensional computing (HDC). Our method first extracts local binary patterns (LBPs) from each iEEG channel to capture temporal–spatial dynamics. These binary sequences are then mapped into a high-dimensional space via HDC for robust representation, followed by a binary Naive Bayes classifier to distinguish ictal and inter-ictal states. The proposed design enables fast inference, low memory requirements, and suitability for hardware implementation. We evaluate the method on the SWEC-ETHZ iEEG short-term dataset. In one-shot learning, it achieves 100% sensitivity and specificity for most patients. In few-shot learning, it maintains 98.88% sensitivity and 93.09% specificity on average. The average latency is 4.31 s, demonstrating that it is much better than state-of-the-art methods. These results demonstrate the method’s potential for efficient, low-resource, and high-performance ES detection.This research was funded by the Royal Society (IEC\NSFC\223285) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program) No. 62171073
Computing reform: The exodus of ICT teachers
No full textThe 2010s saw significant reform in ICT and computing education. ICT was written off as an irrelevant vocational subject, and effectively “scrapped.” Introduced in its place was the national curriculum computing programmes of study (Computing), with an emphasis on computer science. This blanket reform meant that secondary school “ICT” subject teachers were immediately required to teach “Computing.” This study’s findings demonstrate that ICT teachers felt unsupported throughout the reform process. Teachers have been unable to reconcile the identity of “Teacher of Computing” with their professional situations and have left teaching. This loss of teachers should be viewed as an “educational loss” of expertise and diversity in the computing classroom. It is recommended that teachers are given support to allow a reconnection with their previous “successful” professional identities. Good teachers should not be lost because of the rushed implementation of national reforms
Consistent Eye Movement Patterns in Static and Dynamic Face Recognition: A Hidden Markov Model Study
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
The individual participant data on which study conclusions are based and a list of all the stimulus materials have been made publicly available on the Open Science Framework (see https://osf.io/xz2hr/).Background/Objectives: Eye movements provide important insights into face processing. Hidden Markov models of eye movements (EMHMMs) are a relatively new approach that identifies common patterns across observers, moving beyond region-of-interest analyses. Prior EMHMM studies with static faces have typically revealed two strategies: a central “holistic” style and a feature-based “analytical” style. However, it is unknown whether such patterns extend to dynamic faces, which more closely reflect real-world viewing. This study is the first to apply EMHMMs to dynamic face recognition. Methods: Participants completed a face learning task in which half of the identities were presented as static images and half as dynamic videos. Eye movements were analysed using EMHMMs during both learning and recognition phases. Results: Two consistent patterns emerged across conditions: Central-focused and Eye-focused. A small subgroup displayed a third, central-plus-right-eye pattern when learning static faces. Eye movement patterns were largely stable across static and dynamic conditions, with only 16–27% of participants switching between them. Patterns were generally unrelated to recognition accuracy; however, participants adopting Eye-focused patterns during static learning performed better on static recognition. Conclusions: EMHMM-identified patterns generalise from static to dynamic faces, indicating strong stability in face-viewing behaviour across stimulus types. This finding contrasts with previous region-of-interest analyses suggesting greater differences between static and dynamic faces. By extending EMHMMs to dynamic faces, this study underscores the value of diverse analytical approaches for capturing eye movement behaviour and advancing understanding in face processing.This research received no external funding
Numerical Analysis of the Structural Parameters on the Performance of Oil-Injected Rotary Vane Compressors
Get PDFData Availability Statement:
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors upon request.The performance improvement potential with the optimisation of vane geometry and port timing angle in oil-injected Rotary Vane Compressors (RVCs) is not yet fully understood. Commonly, studies have used single-phase CFD models without consideration of lubricating oil. However, the presented analysis uses a more complex oil–gas two-phase CFD model. A fully analytical grid generation method was used for discretisation of the rotor domain, and the numerical method was validated against the experimental results. Coupled with the analysis of the flow field, the effects of five vane parameters and four configurations of port timing angles on the compressor performance were studied. The results show that the baseline case of the RVC achieved the volumetric and adiabatic efficiencies of 95.4% and 62.3%, respectively, while the specific power was 9.47 kW/(m3·min−1), which is consistent with typical industrial RVCs. The RVC as a high-efficiency compressor highly relies on the vane tip clearance size. The baseline parameters of the vane geometry and the port timing angles are relatively reasonable, and further optimisation of vane thickness, vane tip radius, vane eccentric angle, vane tip eccentric angle, intake port closing angle and exhaust port closing angle contributes to 1.7% decrease in the specific power. Overall, the structural parameter optimisation carried out in this paper, combined with the operational parameter optimisation conducted in previous studies, leads to a power reduction of 5.6%.This research was funded by the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation, grant number 20242BAB20213
Contributions of having a pet to living well with dementia over time: Longitudinal findings from the IDEAL cohort
Get PDFData availability statement:
IDEAL data were deposited with the UK Data Archive in April 2020. Details of how the data can be accessed can be found here: https://reshare.ukdataservice.ac.uk/854293/.For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising.Supplemental data for this article are available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13607863.2025.2606883# .Objectives:
Pets may be beneficial for people living with dementia but understanding of longitudinal benefits is limited. This study investigated whether having a pet was associated with differences over time in ‘living well’, cognition, functional ability, depression or loneliness.
Method:
This study utilised 3 assessment timepoints from the IDEAL Programme, a longitudinal cohort study of people with mild-to-moderate dementia. The relationships between having a pet, a dog, and caring for a pet (vs no pet/no dog/not caring) and outcome changes were assessed using mixed effects models with data from 1,532 people with dementia at baseline, 1,173 at 12-months and 846 people at 24 months.
Results:
People with dementia with a pet had slower decline in informant-rated well-being, satisfaction with life, and self-rated functional ability over time than those with no pet. Those with a dog had slower decline in self-rated quality of life and functional ability, cognitive function, and informant-rated well-being and functional ability than those with a different pet or no pet.
Conclusion:
Having a pet may be beneficial for people living with dementia, with dogs offering additional benefits. Enabling people living with dementia to have a pet could help them maintain their independence and ability to live well for longer.IDEAL was funded jointly by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) through grant ES/L001853/2. IDEAL-2 was funded by Alzheimer’s Society as a Centre of Excellence, grant number 348, AS-PR2-16-001. L. Clare acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula. This report is independent research supported by the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula
The influence of boundary conditions and interfacial slip on the time taken to achieve a nonequilibrium steady-state for boundary-driven flows
Get PDFData Availability:
The data that support the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary material. Supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.60893/figshare.pof.c.8167160) containing full derivations of the underlying hydrodynamic solutions to the governing differential equations discussed in Secs. II and III is in the accompanying pdf file “supplementary material—Theory.” (https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_Material_-_Theory/30705233). Further information containing supporting data and tables of data resulting from our simulations and analysis is contained in the file “supplementary material—Supporting Data.” (https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Supplementary_Material_-_Supporting_Data/30705230).In this study, we investigate the equilibration time to attain steady-state for a system of liquid molecules under boundary-driven planar Couette flow via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation. In particular, we examine the equilibration time for the two common types of boundary-driven flow: one in which both walls slide with equal and opposite velocity ( ±û/2), and the other in which one wall is fixed and the other moves with twice the velocity (û). Both flows give identical steady-state strain rates and, hence, flow properties, but the transient behavior is completely different. We find that in the case of no-slip boundary conditions, the equilibration times for the counter-sliding walls flow are exactly four times faster than those of the single-sliding wall system, and this is independent of the atomistic nature of the fluid, i.e., it is an entirely hydrodynamic feature. We also find that systems that exhibit slip have longer equilibration times in general, and the ratio of equilibration times for the two types of boundary-driven flow is even more pronounced. We analyze the problem by decomposing a generic planar Couette flow into a linear sum of purely symmetric and antisymmetric flows. We find that the no-slip equilibration time is dominated by the slowest decaying eigenvalue of the solution to the Navier–Stokes equation. In the case of slip, the longest relaxation time is now dominated by the transient slip velocity response, which is longer than the no-slip response time. In the case of a high-slip system of water confined to graphene channels, the enhancement is over two orders of magnitude. We propose a simple universal relation that predicts the enhanced equilibration time, which agrees well with our NEMD results for simple Lennard-Jones fluids and the water–graphene system. The implications of this significant speed-up in attaining steady-state, which is especially pronounced in the presence of slip, are discussed in general.The authors thank the Australian Research Council for a grant obtained through the Discovery Projects Scheme (Grant No. DP200100422) and the Royal Society for support via International Exchanges (Grant No. IES/R3/170/233). J.P.E. was supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) through their Research Fellowships scheme. D.D. was supported through a Shell/RAEng Research Chair in Complex Engineering Interfaces. The authors acknowledge the Swinburne OzSTAR Supercomputing facility and the Imperial College London Research Computing Service (DOI:10.14469/hpc/223) for providing computational resources for this work
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇