30793 research outputs found
Sort by
Lightweight AI-driven traffic forecasting and shaping for 6G LEO satellite networks
No full textData availability:
No data was used for the research described in the article.Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are expected to be a key enabler of 6G communications, providing global coverage and low-latency services for remote and underserved regions. However, their dynamic topologies, large-scale deployments, and limited onboard resources pose significant challenges to reliable service delivery. This paper presents a lightweight, AI-driven framework for service flow forecasting in LEO networks to minimize latency and ensure compliance with service level agreements (SLAs). Our main contributions are: (1) iTransformer_Lite, a resource-efficient transformer variant employing simplified embeddings, linear attention, and compact feedforward networks (CompactFFN) to reduce computational overhead; and (2) a multi-class Credit-Based Shaping (CBS) algorithm that leverages iTransformer_Lite predictions for dynamic, SLA-aware traffic shaping. Experiments on multiple public and satellite-specific datasets show that iTransformer_Lite achieves up to approximately 57 % lower memory footprint and approximately 2.3 × faster inference compared to the baseline iTransformer, while maintaining competitive or superior forecasting accuracy across diverse benchmarks.This research was supported by the Open Project of Satellite Internet Key Laboratory in 2024 (Project 4: Research on Intelligent Routing Resource Scheduling Algorithms and Optimization Strategies for Large-Scale Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks)
A comparative study of biostatistical pipelines for benchmark concentration modeling of in vitro screening assays
No full textData availability:
Source data and code are available on GitHub linked in the manuscript.Supplementary data are available online at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468111325000209?via%3Dihub#s0130 .New approach methods (NAMs) have been prioritized to reduce the use of animals for chemical safety assessment while continuing to protect human health and the environment. A key challenge of generating toxicity data is the implementation of a standardized analysis approach for transparent and reproducible benchmark concentration (BMC) estimation and uncertainty quantification for assay developers, regulators, and other stakeholders. In this study, we compared the bioactivity results of 321 chemical samples from four established BMC analysis pipelines used for evaluation of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) NAMs data: the ToxCast pipeline (tcpl), CRStats, DNT DIVER (Curvep and Hill pipelines). We found an overall activity hit call concordance of 77.2 % and highly correlated BMC estimations (r = 0.92 ± 0.02 SD), demonstrating generally good agreement across pipelines. Discordance appeared to be explained predominantly by noise within the data and borderline activity (activity occuring near the benchmark response level). Evaluation of the BMC confidence intervals indicated that pipeline selection may impact the estimation of the BMC lower bound. Consideration of biphasic models appeared important for capturing biologically-relevant changes in activity in the DNT battery. Lastly, different approaches to compute ‘selective’ bioactivity (activity below the threshold of cytotoxicity) were compared, identifying the CRstats classification model as more stringent for classifying selective activity. Overall, these findings indicated greater confidence in NAMs bioactivity results and emphasize the importance of understanding strengths and uncertainties of concentration–response modeling pipelines for informing biological interpretation and application decision making.AD, KB, KK, EF are shareholders of the DNTOX GmbH that offers DNT IVB services and were supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, under the Grant Agreement number 825759 of the ENDpoiNTs project. This research was supported [in part] by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH and by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)
Search for New Physics in Jet Multiplicity Patterns of Multilepton Events at √ = 13 TeV
Get PDFData availability—
Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, reuse, and open access policy [121]. CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W.A preprint version of the article is available at arXiv:2503.06726v2 [hep-ex], https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.06726 . Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-23-015 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-SUS-23-015, CERN-EP-2024-310. Journal reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 135 (2025) 231804. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Sun, 9 Mar 2025 18:52:58 UTC (695 KB); [v2] Mon, 8 Dec 2025 21:49:23 UTC (695 KB).A first search for beyond the standard model physics in jet multiplicity patterns of multilepton events is presented, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb^{−1} of 13 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses observed jet multiplicity distributions in one-, two-, and four-lepton events to explore possible enhancements in jet production rate in three-lepton events with and without bottom quarks. The data are found to be consistent with the standard model expectation. The results are interpreted in terms of supersymmetric production of electroweak chargino-neutralino superpartners with cascade decays terminating in prompt hadronic -parity violating interactions.SCOAP3
Neighbourhood cohesion and chronic loneliness in the UK: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Get PDFMeeting abstract presented at the GSA 2025 Annual Scientific Meeting, “Innovative Horizons in Gerontology”, Boston, MA, USA, 12-15 November 2025.Correction: the affiliation on the abstract should read: Brunel University London, Uxbridge, England, United Kingdom, not Brunel University London, Guildford, England, United Kingdom.Loneliness has been identified as a major global public health challenge. There is substantial evidence reporting prevalence and risk factors for loneliness in older adults. Longitudinal evidence about loneliness is less well established and there is no consensus on the typology characterising longitudinal loneliness trajectories. Our evidence examining neighbourhood level factors is limited mostly focussing upon walkability or access to blue-green spaces. We investigate the role of neighbourhood cohesion as a ‘protective’ factor against experiencing chronic loneliness and focuses upon two under-researched groups of older adults, minoritised ethnic groups and sexual minorities. We use data for 10,916 adults aged 50+ who participated in waves 9-11- and 13 of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS). Loneliness was measured using the three-item UCLA scale with a score of 6+ defining loneliness and neighbourhood cohesion by the Buckner scale. We define four loneliness trajectories: not lonely, transient (lonely once), fluctuating (two or three occasions of loneliness) and chronic (lonely at every wave). Chronic loneliness is higher among black, Indian, white Irish and mixed ethnicity populations compared to white British respondents. Sexual minority participants had higher levels of chronic loneliness than heterosexual participants. Neighbourhood cohesion is highest for the white Irish group and heterosexual groups and lowest for mixed race and sexual minority participants. High neighbourhood cohesion is protective against chronic loneliness for white British, Irish and for both sexual minority and majority groups. Adjustment age, sex, living alone, material resources and mental well being attenuated these relationships
The assessment for potential thyroid-mediated endocrine disruption in amphibians: Clarification on the use of new methods and on the interpretation of changes in thyroid histology
Get PDFJEL: PesticidesSupporting Information is available online at: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9815#support-information-section .The declarations of interest of all scientific experts active in EFSA's work are available at https://open.efsa.europa.eu/experts .Amphibians (specifically Xenopus laevis) are used as the model species to assess potential endocrine-disrupting properties in non-mammalian species through thyroid modality. The amphibian metamorphosis assay is the most frequently available test. Attempts have been made to modify this protocol in order to make it more fit for purpose and overcome potential limitations. In light of these developments, EFSA, with the support of the Working Group on Endocrine Disruptors, under the auspices of a self-task mandate here endeavours to clarify the pros and cons of newly proposed amphibian protocols when compared with the standard guideline tests. Moreover, recommendations to facilitate the interpretation of findings in relation to changes in thyroid histopathology have been included
Atypical antipsychotic prescription for agitation in care homes: A qualitative study exploring views of residents, relatives and health and social care professionals
Get PDFClinical Manifestations poster presentation at The Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC25), Toronto, Canada, 27-31 July 2025.Atypical antipsychotics are either unlicensed or licensed with restrictions on duration and indication in many jurisdictions including USA, Canada, Europe and Australia. Despite this, prescribing data suggest regular use off label but the reasons for this are unclear. Exploring these reasons is central to managing safer prescribing and the most appropriate way to do this is via a detailed examination of the context in which prescribing occurs, including factors affecting initiation and maintenance.
This qualitative study aimed to understand patient, carer and clinician perceptions around the risks and benefits of atypical antipsychotics and preferences on how side effect risks are communicated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with care home residents, relatives, and staff. A focus group was conducted with external healthcare professionals. Using framework analysis, five main themes were identified: 1) the interplay between the person and their symptoms; 2) balancing voices in decision making; 3) what happens before prescription?; 4) bringing together information to make the right decision; 5) what happens after prescription?
Care home staff and relatives of people with dementia were generally uncertain of the risks of antipsychotics, and the potential side effects were often not explained adequately. Person-centred care was preferred by participants. While antipsychotics continue to be prescribed, more efforts to minimise harm are required. Specifically, improved education around the risks of antipsychotic use in dementia is needed. Relatives wish to be involved in the decision-making process alongside care staff, and their involvement should be optimised with the use of decision-aids. Accessible dementia-specific guidance on monitoring antipsychotics after prescription should also be developed. Finally, qualitative research taking the views of relatives, carers and clinicians should form a central part of guidance development for pharmacotherapy in dementia
EEG-Infinity: A Mathematical Modeling-Inspired Architecture for Addressing Cross-Device Challenges in Motor Imagery
Get PDFThe distribution of electroencephalogram (EEG) data generally varies across datasets due to the huge difference between the physical structure of brain-computer interface devices, known as cross-device variability. Such variability poses great challenges in EEG decoding and hinders the standardized utilization of EEG datasets. In this study, we explore a new issue concerning the cross-device variability problem, pointing to the gap in the existing studies facing cross-device variability. To tackle this challenge, our paper is the first to model the cross-device variability problem through a “sequentially comprehensive formula” and a “spatial comprehensive formula”. Inspired by this modeling, a novel deep domain adaptation network named EEG-Infinity is proposed, incorporating replaceable EEG feature extraction backbones with a novel structure named “alignment head”. To show the effectiveness of the proposed EEG-Infinity, systematic experiments are conducted across four different EEG-based motor imagery datasets under 48 cases. The experimental results highlight the superior performance of the proposed EEG-Infinity over commonly used approaches with an average classification accuracy improvement of 1.51% across 34 cases, laying a foundation for research in large-scale EEG models. The code can be assessed at https://github.com/Baizhige/cd-infinity10.13039/501100001809-National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 72401233);
Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics (Grant Number: BK20233002);
10.13039/501100013088-Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China;
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant Number: 23KJB520038);
Research Enhancement Fund of Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) (Grant Number: REF-23-01-008);
10.13039/501100004686-Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Grant Number: GPIP194-135-2024)
Search for jet quenching with dijets from high-multiplicity pPb collisions at √<sub>NN</sub> = 8.16 TeV
No full textA version of the article is available at arXiv:2504.08507v2 [nucl-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08507). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-23-010 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-HIN-23-010, CERN-EP-2025-043. Journal reference: JHEP 07 (2025) 118. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Fri, 11 Apr 2025 13:19:20 UTC (717 KB); [v2] Thu, 17 Jul 2025 13:11:04 UTC (717 KB)Data Availability Statement: Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use and open access policy (https://doi.org/10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W).Code Availability Statement: This article has associated code in a code repository. The CMS core software is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/cms-sw/cmssw)The first measurement of the dijet transverse momentum balance xj in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of √NN = 8.16 TeV is presented. The xj observable, defined as the ratio of the subleading over leading jet transverse momentum in a dijet pair, is used to search for jet quenching effects. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 174.6 nb⁻¹, were collected with the CMS detector in 2016. The xj distributions and their average values are studied as functions of the charged-particle multiplicity of the events and for various dijet rapidity selections. The latter enables probing hard scattering of partons carrying distinct nucleon momentum fractions x in the proton- and lead-going directions. The former, aided by the high-multiplicity triggers, allows probing for potential jet quenching effects in high-multiplicity events (with up to 400 charged particles), for which collective phenomena consistent with quark-gluon plasma (QGP) droplet formation were previously observed. The ratios of xj distributions for high- to low-multiplicity events are used to quantify the possible medium effects. These ratios are consistent with simulations of the hard-scattering process that do not include QGP production. These measurements set an upper limit on medium-induced energy loss of the subleading jet of 1.26% of its transverse momentum at the 90% confidence level in high multiplicity pPb events.SCOAP³
High-Frequency-Aware Multi-Task Learning and Transformation Consistency for Semi-Supervised Electromagnetic Shielding Optical Window Image Segmentation
Get PDFThe electromagnetic shielding optical windows (OWs) are critical components in modern aircraft and electronic instruments. Accurate segmentation of crack template images can quantitatively analyze their structural parameters, thereby facilitating OWs design and manufacturing. However, pixel-level annotation is costly and labor-intensive. To address these problems, we propose a high-frequency-aware multi-task learning and transformation consistency for semi-supervised electromagnetic shielding optical window image segmentation network (HAMTC-Net) that enhances unlabeled data utilization through transformation consistency and high-frequency feature guidance. Specifically, CutMix and Mixup augmentations are incorporated to improve consistency regularization. An equivariant loss is introduced through an auxiliary classification task, which increases the global perception of the encoder. Furthermore, wavelet-based high-frequency features guide pixellevel consistency learning, enabling progressive learning from simple to complex patterns. Experiments on OWs crack image datasets demonstrate that HAMTC-Net outperforms existing state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning methods in segmentation accuracy.10.13039/501100001809-National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 62271296,62201334). This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Program No. 62271296, 62201334), in part by The Innovation Capability Support Plan Project in Shaanxi Province (2025RS-CXTD-012), and in part by Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (23JP014, 23JP022)
Language-guided zero-shot segmentation with multi-angle reprojection for point cloud analysis
Get PDFHighlight:
• Language-guided zero-shot 3D segmentation and object extraction.
• User-guided multi-angle orthophoto generation for improved scene coverage.
• GroundingDINO-based text-prompted detection for intuitive object detection.
• Confidence-weighted fusion ensuring accurate and consistent 3D reprojection.
• Flexible viewpoint selection and iterative refinement for enhanced usability.Data availability:
Data will be made available on request.Virtual Reality applications increasingly demand accurate 3D representations of real-world environments. While LiDAR point clouds capture physical spaces with high fidelity, they typically lack semantic labels, limiting their direct use for tasks such as object recognition, interaction modeling, and automation in immersive environments or digital twin systems. We present a LAnguage-guided zero-shot 3D SEgmentation and Reprojection tool (LASER), an engineered zero-shot segmentation tool that extends the state of the art by introducing language-guided 3D object detection for enhanced usability and accuracy. Unlike its predecessors, LASER uses an ensemble of GroundingDINO and Segment Anything Model as its backbone to process natural language queries and user-specified object categories, automated multi-view orthophoto generation with dynamic angles for optimal view selection, a confidence-weighted fusion algorithm for efficient 2D-3D reprojection, and a semantically labelled mesh output.
The LASER pipeline begins by collecting point cloud data using LiDAR sensors, filtering the point cloud into ground and non-ground components, improving segmentation efficiency. It then generates multi-angle 2D orthophotos and perspective views, incorporating a user-guided angle selection module to optimise scene coverage. Then GroundingDINO detects objects based on textual descriptions, and Segment Anything Model subsequently refines these into segmentation masks. The core innovation of LASER lies in its confidence-weighted reprojection algorithm, which fuses multiple 2D segmentation results back into 3D space, ensuring higher segmentation accuracy and spatial consistency. The resulting semantically labelled assets can be exported in standard formats or iteratively refined through viewpoint adjustments or text prompt modifications.
Our application of LASER to real-world 3D scans of construction sites demonstrates its effectiveness in delivering high segmentation precision, enhanced user interactivity, and seamless integration into virtual reality workflows. To comprehensively evaluate the proposed tool on diverse point cloud scans, we also presented the performance on four different test cases using two different scans (3DSES and Toronto3D) with both indoor and outdoor scenes. The results show consistent performance across scans. Finally, feature-based comparison with state-of-the-art approaches shows that LASER is an optimised tool for enriching static, open-world 3D scans with semantic labels, offering an alternative to existing state-of-the-art methods for niche applications.This work was supported by the SafeXtend project, which was funded by Innovate UK under the Collaborative AI Solutions to Improve Productivity in Key Sectors programme (Grant No. 10102820)
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇