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Open and Digital Innovation: Intellectual Structure, Global Trends, and Future Research Directions
Get PDFAdvancements in open innovation and digital innovation have reshaped how firms manage their innovation processes. This study investigates the intellectual structure of current open innovation and digital innovation research, reporting on a scoping review using bibliometric and science mapping techniques. Through analysis of 261 journal articles published between 2015 and 2025, three research clusters were identified: (1) digital innovation and industrial research, (2) sustainability-driven strategic innovation, and (3) collaborative decision-making. The study highlights the significant growth in academic output and emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between digital transformation and open innovation, particularly within SMEs and platform-based ecosystems. Gaps in current research are identified in the contexts of digital product ecosystems, decision-making in innovation networks, and ethical considerations. This study provides both theoretical and practical insights for innovation management, emphasizing sustainability and platform-centric business models.This paper is based on work funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada under Grant No. RGPIN-2022-05008
Exploring smartphone-assisted learning in the third space: students’ smartphone identity formation and lived experiences
No full textDisclosure statement:
The manuscript contains anonymised data and abides by British Educational Research Association guidelines.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Smartphones function both as learning devices and as extensions of learners’ identities, supported by generative artificial intelligence and gamification. This study examines the learning experiences of university students learning English as a foreign language, focusing on their lived experiences of using their smartphones. It followed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, employing a reflective qualitative method to investigate students’ smartphone experiences through recurrent conversational reflections and journaling over six months. The findings revealed that smartphone learning experiences are multimodal and sociocultural, negotiating between students’ personal and collective agencies and integrative cultural realities shaped by social, economic, and technological landscapes. Evolving smartphone technologies create a unique learning culture and ‘third space’ learning context characterised by accessibility, co-presence, autonomy, and social meaning-making. This third space bridges formal and informal learning environments, making smartphone learning seamless and spontaneous. The study also confirmed that learners continuously develop ‘smartphone identities’, negotiated between personal and collective selves and influenced by sociocultural factors within the target context. Finally, smartphones are mediating tools, offering pedagogical and psychological affordances that connect learners with their learning environments. Future research should gather more empirical evidence across various settings, focusing on extended stakeholders who may contribute to these novel learning spaces and educational innovations.This research received no specific grant from any funding organisations
Advancing AI-driven lung ultrasound diagnostics for COVID-19
Get PDFThis thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University LondonThis thesis presents novel advancements in lung ultrasound imaging through the integration of computational techniques and artificial intelligence. Addressing critical challenges such as low contrast, noise, data scarcity, and diagnostic variability, the research focuses on three core areas: contrast enhancement, synthetic data generation, and AI-driven diagnostic models for COVID-19 detection.
A contrast enhancement technique utilising Rayleigh Gaussian Mixture Models and k-means clustering was developed to improve image clarity while preserving diagnostic features. This method demonstrated substantial improvements in pleural line detection accuracy, with Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based models achieving 84.3% accuracy and superior preci-sion metrics.
To mitigate the scarcity of annotated lung ultrasound datasets, synthetic image gener-ation methods were implemented. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) were used to produce realistic ultrasound images, achieving a Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of 0.46 and a Fr´echet Inception Distance (FID) of 257.95, showcasing their potential in addressing data limitations.
The thesis also introduces P-Net, a multi-architecture neural network ensemble, designed to classify lung ultrasound images for COVID-19 diagnostics. P-Net integrates segmentation outputs and latent features, achieving a Dice coefficient of 0.87 and Intersection-over-Union (IoU) of 0.89, demonstrating robust diagnostic accuracy even in limited data scenarios.
These contributions enhance the utility of lung ultrasound imaging, particularly for diag-nosing COVID-19, by combining advanced computational methods with clinical needs. This research underscores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence in medical imaging, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and innovations in healthcare technology
Bottom quark energy loss and hadronization with B<sup>+</sup> and B<inf>s</inf><sup>0</sup> nuclear modification factors using pp and PbPb collisions at √s<inf>NN</inf> = 5.02 TeV
No full textData Availability: Statement. Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use, and open access policy.Code Availability Statement: The CMS core software is publicly available on GitHub.A version of the article is available at arXiv:2409.07258v2 [nucl-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.07258). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-21-014 (CMS Public Pages). Subjects: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex); High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex). Report number: CMS-HIN-21-014, CERN-EP-2024-176. Journal reference: JHEP 02 (2025) 195. Related DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02%282025%29195 . Submission history:
From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Wed, 11 Sep 2024 13:28:13 UTC (712 KB); [v2] Mon, 25 Aug 2025 00:14:23 UTC (699 KB).The production cross sections of Bs0 and B+ mesons are reported in proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 302 pb−1. The cross sections are based on measurements of the Bs0 → J/ψ(μ+μ−)ϕ(1020)(K+K−) and B+→ J/ψ(μ+μ−)K+ decay channels. Results are presented in the transverse momentum (pT) range 7–50 GeV/c and the rapidity interval |y| T-differential cross sections of B+ and Bs0 in pp collisions are well described by fixed-order plus next-to-leading logarithm perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations. Using previous PbPb collision measurements at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy, the nuclear modification factors, RAA, of the B mesons are determined. For pT> 10 GeV/c, both mesons are found to be suppressed in PbPb collisions (with RAA values significantly below unity), with less suppression observed for the Bs0 mesons. In this pT range, the RAA values for the B+ mesons are consistent with those for inclusive charged hadrons and D0 mesons. Below 10 GeV/c, both B+ and Bs0 are found to be less suppressed than either inclusive charged hadrons or D0 mesons, with the Bs0RAA value consistent with unity. The RAA values found for the B+ and Bs0 are compared to theoretical calculations, providing constraints on the mechanism of bottom quark energy loss and hadronization in the quark-gluon plasma, the hot and dense matter created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.SCOAP3
AI-Telecommunications Synergy in Public Safety Systems Advancing Intelligent Law Enforcement
Get PDFThe increased rate of gun-related events witnessed in the context of the public safety determines the need to have intelligent systems of real-time surveillance in Internet of things (IoT) infrastructures. The current acoustic detection systems have a tendency to fail when trying to classify finer details of the gunshot, operate in a restricted space, and classify acoustically similar types of gunshots. To address this, we propose a class-aware augmentation strategy that selectively modifies specific audio classes to enhance inter-class discriminability, followed by standardized feature extraction at 22,050 Hz. In this paper, we have introduced lightweight Transformer-based model to detect and recognize gunshot instances in real-time and with multiple classes via 128-band log-mel spectrograms. The system operates across edge and fog layers, leveraging Augmented Covering Arrays (ACAs) and a MOEA/D-based optimizer to balance latency, energy consumption, and processing load. To enhance contextual awareness and dynamic threat prioritization, we introduce four intelligence metrics: Crime Risk Score (CRS), Crime Temporal Pattern Index (CTPI), Emergency Response Delay Impact Score (ERDIS), and Threat-Aware Priority Index (TAPI). An AutoML method is applied to optimize hyperparameters of models and reduce the effect of mixed up non-gunshot acoustic phenomena. Experimental results on 13-class gunshot data showed classification accuracy of 99.67%, representing 17.17 percentage point improvement. The macro-averaged F1-score above 0.993. Five-fold cross validation yielded average accuracy of 99.10%. With Streamlit interface the accuracy of the system is 98.10% in real-time implementation which validates the applicability on the use of the IoT to drive public safety.10.13039/501100015830-Ministry of Interior Qatar
Fertility Governance Through Cascaded Accountability: Building Inclusive Safety Nets for Vulnerable Workers
No full textData Availability Statement:
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.This article examines how workplace fertility governance operates as a system of control, consent, and inequality shaped by organizational, cultural, and institutional forces. Drawing on feminist theory, we develop a multilevel framework of cascading accountability that integrates symbolic violence, biopolitics, chrononormativity, and postfeminist agency to analyze how corporate fertility benefits simultaneously expand and constrain reproductive autonomy. Using feminist thematic analysis of media coverage, corporate materials, digital lived experiences, and independent reports, we show how fertility support schemes reinforce normative timelines, managerial control, and affective expectations, particularly for structurally marginalized groups such as migrants, LGBTQ+ workers, and racialized minorities. Throughout this paper, fertility governance is treated not as a women's issue per se but as a system regulating reproductive capacity across differently gendered bodies, including cisgender, transgender, and nonbinary workers. Theoretically, we synthesize Bourdieu's and Foucault's insights with feminist critiques to demonstrate how reproductive governance unfolds across macro, meso, and micro levels. Practically, we argue for a shift from discretionary benefits to rights-based policies grounded in reproductive justice, centering the lived experiences of those whose reproductive needs fall outside normative models.This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors
Engaging chefs in sustainable practice using Theory U to address greenhouse gas emissions and food waste
Get PDFData availability statement:
The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.Generative AI statement:
The authors declare that Gen AI was used in the creation of this manuscript. Grammarly Pro was used as a support tool for the lead author, who has been assessed to have ADHD and a special learning difficulty akin to Dyslexia.
Any alternative text (alt text) provided alongside figures in this article has been generated by Frontiers with the support of artificial intelligence and reasonable efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, including review by the authors wherever possible.Introduction: This pilot study explored the use of Theory U as a framework for participatory workshops with chefs, aiming to support menu changes that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and food waste. The primary objective was to assess the feasibility of collecting and analysing data on chefs’ perceived barriers and opportunities for sustainable menu transformation. A secondary objective was to examine whether the workshop facilitated transformational learning loops among participants.
Methods: A single participatory workshop was conducted with trainee chefs, applying Theory U principles to guide discussions and activities. Data were collected on chefs’ perceptions of sustainability, decision-making priorities, and influencing stakeholders. Qualitative analysis focused on identifying evidence of transformational learning.
Results: The workshop generated rich qualitative data that can be linked to broader research on food systems and chef-led change. Findings revealed multiple factors influencing menu transformation, including stakeholder roles and current prioritisation practices. Evidence of transformational learning loops was observed; however, no clear indicators of transformational change emerged.
Discussion: The study demonstrates that Theory U-based workshops are a practical entry point for engaging chefs in food system awareness and co-creating strategies for sustainable menu transformation. While promising, follow-up workshops are needed to validate these findings and refine data collection and analysis methods.AL-J, AZ, CR, XSR are funded by the UK Food Systems Centre for Doctoral Training (The Partnership for Sustainable Food Future Centre for Doctoral Training (PSFF-CDT); Project Reference: BB/V011391/1. CR is funded by the Healthy Soil, Healthy Food, Healthy People (H3) project (Project Reference: BB/V004719/1). These are funded by the ‘Transforming UK Food System for Healthy People and a Healthy Environment SPF Programme’ delivered by UKRI, in partnership with the Global Food Security Programme, BBSRC, ESRC, MRC, NERC, Defra, DHSC, PHE, Innovate UK and FSA CR is funded by UKRI and NIHR as part of the Building a Green Future Strategy the THRIVING Food Futures research hub (MR/Z506485/1). CR is funded by UKRI (through the Building a Green Future and Building a Secure and Resilient world across UKRI themes), Defra and NERC and administered by NERC on behalf of the partners by the Joined-up Landscapes (Project Reference: APP43555 UKRI1280)
The Jewish Agency and Syria during the Arab Revolt in Palestine Secret Meetings and Negotiations
Get PDFBook review.In his book about the Jewish Agency’s clandestine diplomacy and influence campaign in Syria during the late 1930s, Mahmoud Muhareb argues that the Jewish Agency intended to weaken the Arab revolt by cutting off its political and material support. Moreover, he argues that the Jewish Agency intended to exploit fractures in Syria’s independence movement so to harm their ties to Palestine and to foster genuine agreements based on their common ground. Such an agreement would exclude Palestinian representation or stated interests, if the Jewish Agency had its way
Design of 2-Bit Circularly Polarized Reflectarray for Broadband Vehicle Communications
Get PDFAs an indispensable supplement to the terrestrial Internet of Vehicles (IoV), satellites provide a promising alternative for broad IoV coverage. To improve the broadband connection in satellite IoV service, this paper presents a novel broadband 2-bit circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray (RA). By analyzing the phasing characteristic of dual-loop unit cell, a -180° phase difference is achieved through a novel method of arranging resonances of the single loop and dual-loop. Owing to the wider phasing bandwidth of the dual-loop unit cell, -90° and -270° phase delays are obtained by changing the parameters of the dual-loop unit cell. The phase bandwidth of 70.5° ≤ | φ| ≤ 109.5° is first-time introduced to characterize the AR bandwidth for the developed 2-bit unit cells. Therefore, compared to the traditional method focusing solely on the scaled size for reflective phase response, broadband AR and gain performances are obtained. Finally, as a performance demonstration, a planar RA composed of the developed 2-bit unit cells was fabricated and measured. Measured results confirm that broad 3dB gain bandwidth of 32% and 3dB AR bandwidth of 53% are achieved with high gain radiation, which show a good candidate for low-cost broadband and wide area coverage for satellite loV service.This work was supported by Brunel Research Initiative and Enterprise Fund (BRIEF) and in part by HORIZON-MSCA-2022-SE-01 under Grant 101131204
Battling on Two Fronts: Interprofessional and Ethical Considerations Surrounding Military Veterans Transitioning to Civilian Life and Care
No full textThis chapter explores the ethical and interprofessional implications of supporting medically discharged military veterans as they transition from service to civilian life, using the United Kingdom's Armed Forces Covenant as a guiding framework. It underscores the moral obligation of healthcare systems and society to provide equitable, person-focused care that respects the unique lived experiences of veterans. Ethical considerations include ensuring continuity and accessibility of care, overcoming administrative and social barriers, and promoting justice through recognition of veteran status. Interpersonal dynamics are examined through the lens of interprofessional collaboration, where coordinated teamwork across disciplines is vital to address the complex biopsychosocial needs of veterans. The case of Sgt Maggie Millhouse illustrates how veterans may experience disorientation, “reverse culture shock,” and identity re-negotiation in the absence of a structured demilitarisation process. The chapter argues for a shift from patient-centred to person-focused care models, which prioritise long-term therapeutic relationships, empathy, and shared decision-making. It also addresses the role of stigma, under-identification of veteran status in healthcare records, and cultural misunderstanding as barriers to effective care. Ultimately, the chapter advocates for an ethically informed, empathetic, and collaborative approach to veteran care that honours their service while facilitating a dignified and supportive reintegration into civilian society
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