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AI and Remote Sensing for Resilient and Sustainable Built Environments: A Review of Current Methods, Open Data and Future Directions
Get PDFA preprint version of the article is available at arXiv:2507.01547v1 [cs.CY], https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01547 . It has not been certified by peer review.Critical infrastructure, such as transport networks, underpins economic growth by enabling mobility and trade. However, ageing assets, climate change impacts (e.g., extreme weather, rising sea levels), and hybrid threats ranging from natural disasters to cyber attacks and conflicts pose growing risks to their resilience and functionality. This review paper explores how emerging digital technologies, specifically Artificial Intelligence (AI), can enhance damage assessment and monitoring of transport infrastructure. A systematic literature review examines existing AI models and datasets for assessing damage in roads, bridges, and other critical infrastructure impacted by natural disasters. Special focus is given to the unique challenges and opportunities associated with bridge damage detection due to their structural complexity and critical role in connectivity. The integration of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data with AI models is also discussed, with the review revealing a critical research gap: a scarcity of studies applying AI models to SAR data for comprehensive bridge damage assessment. Therefore, this review aims to identify the research gaps and provide foundations for AI-driven solutions for assessing and monitoring critical transport infrastructures.This research received funding by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant agreement No: EP/Y003586/1, EP/X037665/1]. This is the funding guarantee for the European Union HORIZON-MSCA-2021-SE01 [grant agreement No: 101086413] ReCharged - Climate-aware Resilience for Sustainable Critical and interdependent Infrastructure Systems enhanced by emerging Digital Technologies
Effects of Asprosin and Role of TLR4 as a Biomarker in Endometrial Cancer
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The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available upon reasonable request. Researchers interested in accessing the data can contact the corresponding authors. Data on DEGs is provided within Appendix A.(1) Background: Following the discovery of the adipokine/hormone asprosin, a substantial amount of research has provided evidence for its role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, as well as appetite, and insulin sensitivity. Its levels are dysregulated in certain disease states, including breast cancer. To date, little is known about its role in endometrial cancer (EC). The present study investigated the effects of asprosin on the transcriptome of the Ishikawa and NOU-1 EC cell lines, and assessed the expression of asprosin’s candidate receptors (TLR4, PTPRD, and OR4M1) in health and disease. (2) Methods: tissue culture, RNA extraction, RNA sequencing, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, gene enrichment and in silico analyses were used for this study. (3) Results: TLR4 and PTPRD were significantly downregulated in EC when compared to healthy controls. TLR4 appeared to have a prognostic role in terms of overall survival (OS) in EC patients (i.e., higher expression, better OS). RNA sequencing revealed that asprosin affected 289 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Ishikawa cells and 307 DEGs in NOU-1 cells. Pathway enrichment included apoptosis, glycolysis, hypoxia, and PI3K/AKT/ mTOR/NOTCH signalling for Ishikawa-treated cells. In NOU-1, enriched processes included inflammatory response, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reactive oxygen species pathways, and interferon gamma responses. Other signalling pathways included mTORC1, DNA repair, and p53, amongst others. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of understanding receptor dynamics and signalling pathways in the context of asprosin’s role in EC, and provide evidence for a potential role of TLR4 as a diagnostic biomarker.This research was funded by the Gynae-oncology Research and Clinical Excellence (GRACE) charity and University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire (UHCW), NHS Trust, #10418168
Dealuminated Metakaolin in Supplementary Cementitious Material and Alkali-Activated Systems: A Review
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No new data were created or analyzed in this study.This paper presents a comprehensive review of dealuminated metakaolin (DK), a hazardous industrial by-product generated by the aluminium sulphate (alum) industry and evaluates its potential as a component in cementitious systems for the partial or full replacement of Portland cement (PC). Positioned within the context of waste valorisation in concrete, the review aims to establish a critical understanding of DK formation, properties, and reactivity, particularly its pozzolanic potential, to assess its suitability for use as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), or as a precursor in alkali-activated cement (AAC) systems for concrete. A systematic methodology is used to extract and synthesise relevant data from existing literature concerning DK and its potential applications in cement and concrete. The collected information is organised into thematic sections exploring key aspects of DK, beginning with its formation from kaolinite ores, followed by studies on its pozzolanic reactivity. Applications of DK are then reviewed, focusing on its integration into SCMs and alkali-activated cement (AAC) systems. The review consolidates existing knowledge related to DK, identifying scientific gaps and practical challenges that limit its broader adoption for cement and concrete applications, and outlines future research directions to provide a solid foundation for future studies. Overall, this review highlights the potential of DK as a low-carbon, circular-economy material and promotes its integration into efforts to enhance the sustainability of construction practices. The findings aim to support researchers’ and industry stakeholders’ strategies to reduce cement clinker content and mitigate the environmental footprint of concrete in a circular-economy context.This research received no external funding
Still whitewashing Britain: race, class and the UK citizenship test
Get PDFThis article argues that the UK citizenship test promotes an exclusionary vision of Britishness which is both classed and racialized. Reflecting on a longer trajectory of British nationality and citizenship policy-making since 1948, I argue that the citizenship test must be situated within a broader ideological project that equates Britishness with whiteness. Drawing on ethnographic research at training centres which assist migrants in learning and memorizing the Life in the UK Handbook, I show that candidates must regurgitate this exclusionary version of Britishness in order to pass the test. However, the Handbook’s contents are not cleanly imparted but rather messily refracted as migrants’ and teachers’ own worldviews bleed into this idealized version of Britain and challenge its hegemony.This work was supported by Economic and Social Research Council [grant number ES/M003825/1]
‘No-one wears the Fascist badge anymore’: Blockade, starvation and popular opinion in Wartime Sicily and Sardinia (1940-1943)
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A Critical Review of Substance-Use Services for Individuals Engaged in the Sex Industry Through In-Person Work
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Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.In the United Kingdom, drug use has been reported to be higher among individuals involved in the sex industry through in-person work compared with those not engaged in such work. In addition, those who engage in more visible forms of in-person work in the sex industry—such as street-based exchange—are more likely to have challenges with drug and alcohol use compared with individuals working in less visible, in-person settings. Services often struggle to adequately support people who participate in the sex industry, particularly those with intersecting health and social care needs, including problematic drug and alcohol use. It is, therefore, important to understand how services can better support the needs of individuals who engage in the sex industry and who have experienced challenges with their drug and alcohol use. This critical review examined available literature to assess how individuals who engage in the sex industry, particularly individuals participating in visible and in-person forms of sexual commerce, currently access support for drug and alcohol use and how this could be improved within the UK. Written contributions on the most important considerations in service provision for substance use treatment for individuals who participate in the sex industry were gathered from six experts—four academics and two practitioners—who work and conduct research in this field. These insights were thematically analysed alongside relevant literature they recommended. Findings suggest that individuals who engage in the sex industry would benefit from nonjudgmental and flexible care that considers their specific and intersecting needs both as someone who uses drugs and alcohol and as an individual engaged in sexual commerce. It is vital that individuals engaged in the sex industry have access to gender and trauma informed, sex industry specific services that provide support for intersectional health and social care needs. Multiagency working in this field is essential so that individuals have access to integrated support that prioritises relationships and builds trust between service providers and the individuals they support.No funding was received for this manuscript
Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at √ = 13 TeV
Get PDFA version of the article is available at arXiv:2412.19261v2 [hep-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19261). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at https://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-015 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-EXO-21-015, CERN-EP-2024-326. Journal reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 135 (2025) 061803. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Thu, 26 Dec 2024 15:54:58 UTC (436 KB); [v2] Thu, 14 Aug 2025 06:08:59 UTC (437 KB).Data availability—
Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, reuse, and open access policy [68]. CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.1BNU.8V1W.The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (′) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at √ =13 TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits are set on the product of the cross section for production of the ′ boson and its branching fraction to or . The presence of a ′ boson decaying to +− (+−) is excluded for masses up to 2.45(1.60) TeV, depending on the ′ boson coupling to standard model weak bosons, and assuming a ′ → +− (+−) branching fraction of 50%.SCOAP³
Emergent and growing entrepreneurial ecosystems: How do institutional logics shape fields of entrepreneurship?
Get PDFSupplementary material is available online at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02662426251351900#supplementary-materials .This article explores two different types of entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) – emergent and growing – using the institutional logics perspective. Fields of entrepreneurship within EEs are analysed empirically in two U.K. cities, and the institutional orders that inform the dominant entrepreneurial institutional logic in each ecosystem are uncovered. The study reveals that, in an emergent ecosystem, entrepreneurs notice institutional voids and take part in institutional entrepreneurship to strengthen the institutional order of ‘Profession’ and ‘Community’ institutional orders. In a growing EE, the strength of ‘Community’ and ‘Market’ institutional orders and overlapping activity-based fields helps to strengthen the entrepreneurial institutional logic. This perspective develops and enriches our understanding of EEs as localised contexts in which embedded fields of entrepreneurship are sensitive to local institutional conditions, particularly highlighting divergent institutional logics in different ecosystem contexts. This represents a novel approach to analysing EEs through the lens of the institutional logics perspective, by utilising a framework to understand the interinstitutional system-based institutional orders as influencers that shape the dominant institutional logic in a field of entrepreneurship.We gratefully acknowledge the support of the program “Projectes en Àrees Emergents” funded by the Universitat de Barcelona, project UB-AE-AS017653 and the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2022141597NA-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033
Search for a cH signal in the associated production of at least one charm quark with a Higgs boson in the diphoton decay channel in pp collisions at √ = 13 TeV
Get PDFData Availability Statement. Release and preservation of data used by the CMS Collaboration as the basis for publications is guided by the CMS data preservation, re-use, and open access policy (https://opendata.cern.ch/record/415).Code Availability Statement. The CMS core software is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/cms-sw/cmssw).A version of the article is avaialble at arXiv:2503.08797v3 [hep-ex] (https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.08797). Comments: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-23-010 (CMS Public Pages). Report number: CMS-HIG-23-010, CERN-EP-2025-010. Journal reference: JHEP 11 (2025) 060. Submission history: From: The CMS Collaboration: [v1] Tue, 11 Mar 2025 18:23:40 UTC (45,805 KB); [v2] Thu, 13 Mar 2025 11:12:37 UTC (45,805 KB); [v3] Sun, 23 Nov 2025 09:56:15 UTC (46,306 KB).This paper presents the first search for a cH signal sensitive to the coupling of the charm quark (c) to the Higgs boson (H) in the associated production of at least one charm quark with a Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The results are based on a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. Assuming the standard model (SM) rates for all other Higgs boson production processes, the observed (expected) upper limit at 95% confidence level on the cH signal strength is 243 (355) times the SM prediction. Under the same assumption, the observed (expected) allowed interval on the Higgs boson to charm quark coupling modifier, κc, is |κc| < 38.1 (|κc| < 72.5) at 95% confidence level.SCOAP³
Erasing Communities, Reclaiming Histories: Racial Banishment and Belonging in Denmark’s ‘Ghetto Laws’
Get PDF13 slides.Leverhulme Trust [ref: ECF-2022-780] Others’ Right to the City: A Comparative Ethnography of Denmark’s Ghetto Policy
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