Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Regenerating Urban Spaces: A Brief Commentary on Green Infrastructures for Landscape Conservation
No full textThe present study debates on the issue of urban regeneration in contemporary cities, adopting a strategic vision which includes the use of vegetation and green infrastructure to create a network of public spaces. Especially, urban periphery lacks of public spaces, meaning a public use of urban space for outdoor activities and social networks. The extraordinary program for the Italian peripheries, addressed to all the metropolitan cities and provincial capitals in 2016, inspired to Renzo Piano idea of “re-sewing” urban fabrics, has been a good opportunity for testing new approaches to urban regeneration. The case study investigated in this study is the financed project for the city of Perugia, which provides different interventions aimed at improving (and developing new) public spaces through vegetation enhancement and a large area destined to vegetable social gardens as a strategy for urban infill. By recovering public spaces with social purpose and providing a comprehensive strategy for aesthetic improvement of the city, the case study provides a representative example, how greening the city may promote together biodiversity conservation and urban regeneration.The present study debates on the issue of urban regeneration in contemporary cities, adopting a strategic vision which includes the use of vegetation and green infrastructure to create a network of public spaces. Especially, urban periphery lacks of public spaces, meaning a public use of urban space for outdoor activities and social networks. The extraordinary program for the Italian peripheries, addressed to all the metropolitan cities and provincial capitals in 2016, inspired to Renzo Piano idea of “re-sewing” urban fabrics, has been a good opportunity for testing new approaches to urban regeneration. The case study investigated in this study is the financed project for the city of Perugia, which provides different interventions aimed at improving (and developing new) public spaces through vegetation enhancement and a large area destined to vegetable social gardens as a strategy for urban infill. By recovering public spaces with social purpose and providing a comprehensive strategy for aesthetic improvement of the city, the case study provides a representative example, how greening the city may promote together biodiversity conservation and urban regeneration
An analytical tool to support the pedestrianisation process: The case of via Roma, Cagliari
No full textThe article focuses on the case of the modification of an urban road network: the transformation of a portion of an important distributor road in the urban area of Cagliari into a pedestrian space. By means of this case study the article aims to point out how pedestrianisation interventions have not been completely defined within a theoretical system that clearly establishes modes and conditions of implementation. This lack of theorization has led to the common understanding of pedestrianisation as good operations in and of itself and, as such, exportable, meant to produce the same effects everywhere (Bianchetti, 2016). This analysis uses the fundamental conditions of hierarchy as a tool to assess to what extent the modification of the road network articulation has resulted in conditions of lesser inter-connectivity, legibility and functionality. In this perspective the article proposes a system of criteria, founded on the principles of hierarchy, meant to be a theoretical support for processes of pedestrianisation.The article focuses on the case of the modification of an urban road network: the transformation of a portion of an important distributor road in the urban area of Cagliari into a pedestrian space. By means of this case study the article aims to point out how pedestrianisation interventions have not been completely defined within a theoretical system that clearly establishes modes and conditions of implementation. This lack of theorization has led to the common understanding of pedestrianisation as good operations in and of itself and, as such, exportable, meant to produce the same effects everywhere (Bianchetti, 2016). This analysis uses the fundamental conditions of hierarchy as a tool to assess to what extent the modification of the road network articulation has resulted in conditions of lesser inter-connectivity, legibility and functionality. In this perspective the article proposes a system of criteria, founded on the principles of hierarchy, meant to be a theoretical support for processes of pedestrianisation
The Value of Urban Density
No full textUrban density is considered a cornerstone of sustainable urban form, enhancing the potential for more sustainable lifestyles and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. To explore the relationship between urban density and residential property prices in Trondheim, Norway, this analysis first evaluates 23 distinct urban areas with regard to average square metre price and three density measures – built coverage density, dwelling unit density, and population density. Initial correlation results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the density measures and price per square metre. To investigate this first observation further, a simple hedonic pricing model was constructed based on 1,255 sales transactions from the period 2014 and 2015. The model includes property characteristics, such as property type and age of property; proximity measures, such as distance to the next school or bus stop; and the three density measures. It was run for the complete dataset as well as for the two subsets of the Trondheim periphery and the Trondheim centre. With regard to density, the model shows unexpected yet interesting results.Urban density is considered a cornerstone of sustainable urban form, enhancing the potential for more sustainable lifestyles and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. To explore the relationship between urban density and residential property prices in Trondheim, Norway, this analysis first evaluates 23 distinct urban areas with regard to average square metre price and three density measures – built coverage density, dwelling unit density, and population density. Initial correlation results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the density measures and price per square metre. To investigate this first observation further, a simple hedonic pricing model was constructed based on 1,255 sales transactions from the period 2014 and 2015. The model includes property characteristics, such as property type and age of property; proximity measures, such as distance to the next school or bus stop; and the three density measures. It was run for the complete dataset as well as for the two subsets of the Trondheim periphery and the Trondheim centre. With regard to density, the model shows unexpected yet interesting results
Mobility and Accessibility of the Ageing Society. Defining Profiles of the Elderly Population and Neighbourhood
No full textA large body of literature already explores how mobility is associate with the well-being and quality of life of the elderly population. However, many studies so far have been widely discipline specific. This paper, thus, aims to critically review relevant mobility- and accessibility-related studies that, from varied disciplines, focus on the well-being of the older adults. To do so, the Capabilities Approach is assumed as a theoretical perspective able to convey how individual well-being is differently shaped and experienced by each person. More specifically, this study intends to consider how to define profiles of ageing mobilities, discussing a methodology for detecting different elderly populations and neighbourhoods. The relationship between urban mobility and quality of life in fact differs according to the examined populations and settings, involving features that are peculiar of the elderly. The possibility to define profiles contributes to develop different “narratives of ageing” that, according to the subjects and their territorial context, allows a more precise understanding of how varied forms of mobility contribute to a differently defined well-being and quality of life. The expected outcomes of this study are twofold: (i) to provide a theoretical framework with the complexity of factors in mobility, in order to be applied in future empirical research studies, in other words as the basis for further analyses with quantitative and qualitative methods.; (ii) a methodology for defining profiles of aging mobilities, considering elements that may be differently inflected according to the setting taken into exam
New water footprint indicators for urban water cycle
Get PDFThe Water Footprint - WF is an indicator of anthropogenic pressures on aquatic systems. It is widespread and scholars have developed numerous insights into the virtual water flux activated by the global trade in agricultural and livestock products. In this study the flow of water resources that crosses the urban territories is reviewed through some contributions by researchers of WF and Urban Metabolism. Two new indicators are then developed to measure the phases of the anthropogenic cycle of water, starting from urban consumption. These indicators were then used to measure the urban footprint in Italy calculated as: drinking water consumption and volumes lost due to waterproofing of urban land. The total value of the blueprint of Italian municipalities is estimated at UBW = 5.184ml / m3 / year, while the green footprint is UGW = 1.123.860 ml / m3 / year. The calculation method is proposed so that it can be a useful tool for planners to identify the types of water use in urban areas to develop an bottom up approach
Growing Old and Keep Mobile in Italy. Active Ageing and the Importance of Urban Mobility Planning Strategies.
No full textThe world is facing a series of changes that will modify the way we envisage urban transport planning. The demographic switch coupling higher life expectancy and lower fertility rates is occurring all around the world. While ageing is indeed a triumph of development and increased longevity is perceived as one of humanity’s greatest achievements, the phenomenon and its transition in society need to be managed.The rapid increase of the elderly group means profound changes which require solutions at various levels. The World Health Organization has established a path towards Active ageing, and it is within this strategy that this paper aims at analyzing the role of mobility as an enabler of active ageing. While mobility in general is very important, it was decided to concentrate on urban mobility, as cities are, by definition, the place where people benefit from urbanization economies and where transport plans are put in place. An increase of age, health and economic conditions determine the possibility to enjoy urbanization economics more and for longer time. Yet such fruition is determined by the accessibility to such places or services. It is for this reason, among others, that urban mobility planning is such a relevant tool that could lead towards a switch of paradigm towards more friendly and inclusive (for seniors and not only) urban environments
Review Pages: The Resilience City/The Fragile City. Methods, Tools and Best Practices 2 (2018)
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. During the last two years a particular attention has been paid on the Smart Cities theme and on the different meanings that come with it. The last section of the journal is formed by the Review Pages. They have different aims: to inform on the problems, trends and evolutionary processes; to investigate on the paths by highlighting the advanced relationships among apparently distant disciplinary fields; to explore the interaction’s areas, experiences and potential applications; to underline interactions, disciplinary developments but also, if present, defeats and setbacks. Inside the journal the Review Pages have the task of stimulating as much as possible the circulation of ideas and the discovery of new points of view. For this reason the section is founded on a series of basic’s references, required for the identification of new and more advanced interactions. These references are the research, the planning acts, the actions and the applications, analysed and investigated both for their ability to give a systematic response to questions concerning the urban and territorial planning, and for their attention to aspects such as the environmental sustainability and the innovation in the practices. For this purpose the Review Pages are formed by five sections (Web Resources; Books; Laws; Urban Practices; News and Events), each of which examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage of interest for TeMA.Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always remaining in the groove of rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. During the last two years a particular attention has been paid on the Smart Cities theme and on the different meanings that come with it. The last section of the journal is formed by the Review Pages. They have different aims: to inform on the problems, trends and evolutionary processes; to investigate on the paths by highlighting the advanced relationships among apparently distant disciplinary fields; to explore the interaction’s areas, experiences and potential applications; to underline interactions, disciplinary developments but also, if present, defeats and setbacks. Inside the journal the Review Pages have the task of stimulating as much as possible the circulation of ideas and the discovery of new points of view. For this reason the section is founded on a series of basic’s references, required for the identification of new and more advanced interactions. These references are the research, the planning acts, the actions and the applications, analysed and investigated both for their ability to give a systematic response to questions concerning the urban and territorial planning, and for their attention to aspects such as the environmental sustainability and the innovation in the practices. For this purpose the Review Pages are formed by five sections (Web Resources; Books; Laws; Urban Practices; News and Events), each of which examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage of interest for TeMA
Geographic determinism Vs urban resilience: italian scenario analysis
No full textSince many years the analysis of the resilience concept transversally enriches the scientific debate from the technical- scientific to the socio-humanistic one. In urban areas, particularly, the scientific literature offers a consolidated panorama of theories and applications. The present work is animated by the objective of complementing this background with a geographic approach in which the characteristics of urban resilience, synthesized by a wide review of scientific articles, are associated with determinants of geographic type (urban dimension, latitude and prevalent urban attribute). The proposed analysis both introduce methodological elements of evaluation useful for this topic and both shows, based on the stratification of real data regarding some main urban variables (Living, Environment, Mobility and Legality), the scenario of Italian cities characterized by high, medium and low resilience actions as a function of their geographical characteristics, trying to make clearer the question regarding the geographic determinism paradigm declined to the urban frame, analyzing the eventual geographical influence on the processes of urban resilience.Since many years the analysis of the resilience concept transversally enriches the scientific debate from the technical- scientific to the socio-humanistic one. In urban areas, particularly, the scientific literature offers a consolidated panorama of theories and applications. The present work is animated by the objective of complementing this background with a geographic approach in which the characteristics of urban resilience, synthesized by a wide review of scientific articles, are associated with determinants of geographic type (urban dimension, latitude and prevalent urban attribute). The proposed analysis both introduce methodological elements of evaluation useful for this topic and both shows, based on the stratification of real data regarding some main urban variables (Living, Environment, Mobility and Legality), the scenario of Italian cities characterized by high, medium and low resilience actions as a function of their geographical characteristics, trying to make clearer the question regarding the geographic determinism paradigm declined to the urban frame, analyzing the eventual geographical influence on the processes of urban resilience
The Development of a Walkability Audit. Based on Iranian Cities Pedestrian Environment
No full textGiven its influence on public health and the vehicle usage and its negative consequences, walkability has attracted much attention in recent decades. Meanwhile, the development of a method to measure walkability of urban areas in order to improve this feature is of utmost importance. Hence, after a comprehensive investigation into environmental measures related to the walking behavior of the users, it was attempted to develop an efficient and reliable environmental audit tool based on these measures. Following the development of a protocol for utilization and management of the tool, two different tests were employed to validate it. The participants were taught how to use the tool, then it was tested in the Eram neighborhood of Shiraz and the results were statistically analyzed. 13 of the environmental measures were found not to have validity to be used in various environments. However, given the remaining 50 items, the tool is valid for being applied to other urban areas.
Given its influence on public health and the vehicle usage and its negative consequences, walkability has attracted much attention in recent decades. Meanwhile, the development of a method to measure walkability of urban areas in order to improve this feature is of utmost importance. Hence, after a comprehensive investigation into environmental measures related to the walking behavior of the users, it was attempted to develop an efficient and reliable environmental audit tool based on these measures. Following the development of a protocol for utilization and management of the tool, two different tests were employed to validate it. The participants were taught how to use the tool, then it was tested in the Eram neighborhood of Shiraz and the results were statistically analyzed. 13 of the environmental measures were found not to have validity to be used in various environments. However, given the remaining 50 items, the tool is valid for being applied to other urban areas
Analysing the Spatial structure of the Street network to understand the Mobility pattern and Landuse - A case of an Indian city - Mysore
No full textSettlements grow and develop their unique spatial structure, subject to the factors influencing them. Later, the spatial structure starts influencing the functions of a settlement, like mobility, land-use, spatial expansion, etc. To understand the dynamics of the spatial structure and its influence in a rational way, a scientific analysis is necessary. So, space syntax measures are chosen as the principal theoretical postulates for analysis, because of its quantitative and scientific approach. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the spatial structure of the street network in an Indian city – Mysore – by a comprehensive application of space syntax techniques. The study has been conducted by breaking down the structure into components and by analysing the use of different measures, like integration and choice, using Depthmap software (Turner, 2012). The analysis is then related to the existing mobility pattern and land-use to construe how the spatial structure influences the mobility pattern and land-use.Settlements grow and develop their unique spatial structure, subject to the factors influencing them. Later, the spatial structure starts influencing the functions of a settlement, like mobility, land-use, spatial expansion, etc. To understand the dynamics of the spatial structure and its influence in a rational way, a scientific analysis is necessary. So, space syntax measures are chosen as the principal theoretical postulates for analysis, because of its quantitative and scientific approach. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the spatial structure of the street network in an Indian city – Mysore – by a comprehensive application of space syntax techniques. The study has been conducted by breaking down the structure into components and by analysing the use of different measures, like integration and choice, using Depthmap software (Turner, 2012). The analysis is then related to the existing mobility pattern and land-use to construe how the spatial structure influences the mobility pattern and land-use