Tema. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (University of Naples)
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Data analysis and mapping for monitoring health risk. What has the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in northern Italy taught us?
No full textThe construction of the knowledge framework is a fundamental phase in the territorial governance process and data analyses, together with their mapping using GIS software, provide a fundamental basis for the structuring of a system for making decisions. With reference to the issue of risk management, monitoring of spatial and temporal evolution of the phenomena is equally fundamental. The aim of the paper is to address these issues in relation to health risk, starting from the pandemic situation that affected northern Italy in the early months of 2020. The paper presents an ex-post statistical analysis of the ISTAT data on mortality in the Italian provinces, comparing the currently available 2020 data to previous years. A territorial analysis is then presented, using a GIS, regarding the spread of the Covid-19 infection in the 205 municipalities of the province of Brescia. The paper also proposes a comparison with analysis conducted for other territories outside Italy. Finally, a reflection is offered on what we have learned from this pandemic regarding the need to have a monitoring system for phenomena related to health risk, in order to reduce the vulnerability of the health system
The paradigms of urban planning to emergency-proof
No full textUrban planning is one of the sectors that is able to provide a contribution to the definition of a desirable scenario for the future of the city and the territory as it deals with the physical and functional organisation of human settlements, more than others, also for reasons related to its historical origin.
The paradigms now acquired from a disciplinary point of view, such as densification, sustainable mobility, mixitè, urban green, etc., raise the issue of compatibility with the needs of social distancing imposed by the health emergency.
One wonders if and how the principles and criteria for the physical and functional organisation of settlements, which inform and substantiate the technical-scientific documents and the spatial and urban planning instruments themselves, will change.
The response confirms the overall goodness of the organisational model shared by the community of urban planners. This can only be a stimulus to continue the research and application activities in the field with even greater commitment and determination.
The crisis must in any case build an opportunity to rethink the functioning of the city, its spaces, its times and its forms of social and economic interaction, as we imagine will happen in all other field
Virucity. Rethinking the urban system
No full textThe paper focuses attention on three fundamental points. The first one concerns an analysis of the urban condition perceived and detected directly by the observation of the city suddenly deprived of the fruition component and characterized by the functional reset of urban activities with the exception of health functions. The second element is attributable to a systemic interpretation of the phenomenon through the analysis of the effects on urban subsystems produced by the pandemic, recalling the holistic approach to the study of urban phenomena. The third element concerns the envisaging of possible post-virus urban scenarios for which a significant bifurcation is foreseen: on the one hand, if the virus produced a rethinking of life models and the need for new ways of acting and interacting in the city we could imagine an urban future characterized by a general rebalancing of anthropic contexts; on the other hand, if the desire to return to entropic and energy-consuming models will prevail, we will continue to witness the slow degradation of human and natural habitats that will lead to the “right” extinction of human beings. These alternatives underlie a series of dilemmas that the paper emphasizes as structuring elements of possible future urban scenarios, highlighting the fundamental role of urban scientists and planners
An investigation of challenges in the existing pattern of intra-city traffic in Enugu metropolis
No full textCities all over the world are characterized by a set of activities, which account for the concentration of people in them, achievable by means of transportation. However, this integral aspect of urban infrastructure face great challenge in most urban areas. This research examines the challenges in the existing pattern of intra-city traffic in Enugu metropolis. Six neighbourhood make up the study population drawn from three high, two medium and one low residential densities neighbourhoods based on stratified and simple random sampling technique. Data collection instrument were questionnaires administered to 400 respondents. The result of the study indicates that major travel mode within Enugu metropolis is mini buses and tricycles while commuters undergo stress during their trips regardless of the good condition of roads within the metropolis. Furthermore, it highlights traffic congestion during peak period and narrowness of most roads within the metropolis as the main challenge to existing pattern of intra-city traffic. It concludes and recommend for the re-introduction of Non-motorized transport mode of walking and cycling complemented by the Coal city public transit shuttles that once existed. It also advocates for policies that ensure decentralization of activity to reduce congestion and the need for daily travel
The Covid-19 pandemic from the elderly perspective in urban areas: An evaluation of urban green areas in 10 European capitals
No full textThe global Covid-19 pandemic has reshaped lives and activities, especially in urban areas: national and regional authorities have had to react promptly to limit the spread of the coronavirus and avoid the collapse of healthy provision systems. Urban environments, as noted in several World Health Organization reports, are fertile ground for an epidemic’s rapid transformation into a pandemic due to their high densities of people, activities, structures and networks. Cities around the world have thus rapidly reorganised to manage the coronavirus crisis. This paper focuses on the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in European countries during the initial emergency phase and the importance of safe access to and uniform distribution of urban services. We focus on urban green areas as a means of achieving better quality of life, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly. We selected 10 capital cities (Amsterdam, Brussels, Berlin, Copenhagen, Dublin, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Paris and Rome) to reflect the heterogeneous demographic, social and economic panoramas of European countries and cities. The outcomes of this study can support decision-makers in defining priority actions to reduce the negative impacts on the elderly in the coexistence phase of the pandemic and for future development
A GIS-based automated procedure to assess disused areas
No full textRegeneration of disused sites represents a significant opportunity. The scientific interest in their redevelopment possibilities has grown considerably in recent years. Despite this, a shared definition of disused sites which goes beyond that of brownfields and allows recognition the size of the problem on a transnational scale is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the main definitions provided by scientific literature and on this basis, it proposes a parametric definition of functionally disused areas. Subsequently, a GIS-based operational tool able to map functionally disused areas through a progressive screening of the local territory is introduced. The proposed methodology is tested on two Italian municipalities. It is the first step of a research aimed at defining a wider process able to assess the possibility of converting disused areas into multifunctional or monofunctional “smart” districts. They could be, indeed, characterized by a mixed use – contributing to soil consumption reduction – or by a single use – “social infrastructures” – linked to the needs that emerged as result of Covid 19 pandemic. This assessment process, hence, could support urban planning both at ordinary and emergency phase, allowing to identify in very short time areas where temporary facilities could be installed
Evaluating metropolises grow and their impact on the around villages using Object-Oriented Images Analysis method by using Sentinel-2 & Landsat data
No full textDevelopment of the margin of metropolitan cities is always challenging with regard to the continuous urbanization. The forecast of future changes in the rural landscape is one of the most important issues to be considered in the process of sustainable rural development. The apparent characteristics of rural landscape changes are the result of the interaction between several natural and human factors. Landscape analysis, as well as the identification of best management strategies, can be improved when the useful information on its changes is available over a wide period of time to assess the impact of the changes it has existed. In this study, we tried to extract the changes in the selected villages of the Ardabil metropolitan area by using Landsat-7 and Sentinel-2 images. This study was conducted using supervised classification methods and the best method was chosen based on the overall accuracy 98.91, and high Kappa coefficient 0.96. The results showed that the changes area of settlement area in a village from 2000, as compared to 2018, is about approximately 5.1 Km2. Worth noting that, in this study, by increasing the efficiency of the classification of satellite images of Sentinel-2 comparison with Landsat-7, the accuracy of classification has also improved
Geographic Information and Covid-19 Outbreak Does the spatial dimension matter?
No full text
The Covid-19 pandemic in Europe started its outbreak in Italy in January 2020, and since early March 2020, it rapidly spread in most European Countries with growing diffusion rates. EU Countries applied lock-down measures accordingly. While Government across Europe relied in experts’ advice, scientific advisory teams were often lead by virologists and epidemiologists, and no evidence is easily found about the involvement of experts in spatial planning and design in emergency response. Often in the uncertainty of a new hazard emergency response, lock-down measures were based on national or regional scale planning, applying to large administrative units boundaries with little or no local differentiations.
This paper argues that a large-scale approach may be more effective in emergency response planning and management as it may better take into account local variations. This approach might be an important and still missing step for balancing the conflict between the two most urgent goals in the current emergency response: public health and safety vs economy re-start after the emergency lock-down
The city and natural resources
No full textThe fragility of cities came into crisis with the event of the recent Covid19 pandemic. This paper contains some reflections, born during the preparation of the next National Table for River Contracts. The city needs the territory and the pandemic can be a driving force for new perspectives, in which the urban condition can be revisited with a view to improving its quality. Recent Climate Adaptation Plans, which some cities are drawing up, has to be reinforced by considerations involving natural elements. Cities crossed by rivers are fully included in the objectives of the Policy 2 "A greener Europe" of the Cohesion Policy will be financed by the Cohesion Fund, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund + (ESF +) in the period 2021-2027
Toward greener and pandemic-proof cities: EU cities policy responses to Covid-19 outbreak
No full textStarting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of four parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. In particular, the Urban practices section aims at presenting recent advancements on relevant topics that underlie the challenges that the cities have to face. The present note provides an overview of the policies and initiatives undertaken in three European cities in response to the Covid-19 outbreak: Milan, Paris and Brussels. A cross-city analysis is used to derive a taxonomy of urban policy measures. The contribution discusses the effectiveness of each measures in providing answers to epidemic threats in urban areas while, at the same time, improving the sustainability and resilience of urban communities