Jurnal Online Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesian Defense University)
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STRATEGI PERTAHANAN PANGKALAN ANGKATAN LAUT (LANAL) BANDUNG DALAM MENGHADAPI ANCAMAN DARI SELATAN JAWA BARAT (STUDI KASUS POSAL PANGANDARAN)
Full text linkLanal Bandung dan unsur komando di atasnya Lantamal III memiliki keterbatasan satuan kapal patroli yang dapat melakukan deteksi dini, operasi keamanan laut, dan pengumpulan bahan intelijen. Saat ini, hanya Koarmada I yang dapat melakukan operasi keamanan laut dan pertempuran jika terjadi konflik di bagian selatan Jawa Barat. Kondisi ini membuat Lanal Bandung rentan jika tidak dapat beroperasi hingga 12-24 nm sesuai tanggung jawabnya yang berbatasan dengan laut lepas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelanggaran kedaulatan oleh kapal asing di zona tambahan dan laut teritorial wilayah kerja Lanal Bandung serta penerapan strategi pertahanan lautnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, melalui wawancara mendalam, studi pustaka, dan observasi lapangan. Lanal Bandung memiliki kekuatan dalam pembinaan potensi maritim namun kekurangan unsur patroli yang memadai. Ancaman non militer sering muncul, sehingga Lanal Bandung dapat mengoptimalkan potensi dengan membangun komunikasi dengan komunitas nelayan dan Skadron Udara Angkatan Laut 700/PUTA. Kesimpulannya, Lantamal III perlu menambah jumlah dan kemampuan satuan kapal patroli serta UAV untuk memperkuat daya jangkau dan strategi pertahanan menghadapi ancaman di perairan selatan Jawa Barat
Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Biological Systems and Their Reactivity to Oxidative Stress
Full text linkAerobic organisms in carrying out their metabolism can result in biological oxidation which produces 2.5% reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on the amount of oxygen supply. Several types of stressors or factors that trigger increased oxidative stress can be caused by physical agents such as the impact of UV radiation and X-rays, non-physiological oxygen levels, drugs, chemical compounds, aging, and pollutants that can cause homeostatic disturbances in cells, survival, and processes—cell signaling. In order to maintain life, cells also have a response to oxidative stress through antioxidant-forming tools in the body such as catalase (CAT), hydroperosidase (HPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). If the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the body exceeds the limit of the amount of antioxidants produced by the body, it will cause cells in the body to experience oxidative stress. If the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced is equivalent to the amount of antioxidants, it will direct cells to growth. This reactive oxygen species (ROS) originates from biological oxidation reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body can only be suppressed by the reaction of two ROS simultaneously, so that two electrons that were initially unpaired will become paired through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and additional antioxidants needed by the body
THE DEFENSE ECONOMIC STRATEGY THROUGH DIPLOMACY AIMS TO INCREASE DEFENSE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR A GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE GOLDEN INDONESIA IN 2045
Full text linkIn an era of increasingly complex geopolitical dynamics and intense global competition, a country's national defense becomes the main foundation to ensure security and sustainable development. Defense Entrepreneurship emerges as a new paradigm that combines entrepreneurial principles with the strategic needs of national defense, a national vision to make Indonesia a developed nation by 2045. Smart economic diplomacy involves a synergistic interaction between defense innovation, strategic investment and international cooperation, creating the foundation of a resilient and competitive national defense on the global stage. With the Multy-Track Diplomacy approach being the main foundation in realizing Defense Entrepreneurship Indonesia Emas 2045. The purpose of this research is to analyze Indonesia in building strong partnerships with other countries, increasing defense capacity together, and expanding access to global markets. Qualitative research methods and data collection techniques in the form of Literature Studies and Library Research. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurship strengthens national defense but also makes a positive contribution to Indonesia's economic growth and economic diplomacy.
Occupational Safety and Health Management System in Procurement of Goods and Warship Repair Services
Full text linkWarship repair is a work that contains quite high risks, especially when carrying out work in a narrow workspace, resulting in difficulties in placing lifting equipment, minimal use of body harnesses, and the large number of closed spaces that allow the accumulation of CO2 gas. To overcome existing risks, this study was conducted to determine the influence, the supporting and inhibiting factors, and the ideal system for occupational safety and health management as well as the goods and services procurement for warship repairs. The approach used in this study is a mixed method by conducting a purposive sampling questionnaire on stakeholder respondents involved in warship repairs. Processing the data from the questionnaire using the SEM method with Amos software. This study shows that the occupational safety and health management system has a significant influence on the implementation of the procurement of goods and services as well as the readiness of warships but procurement of goods and services does not have a significant effect on warship readiness. The supporting factors for optimizing the implementation model for procurement of goods and services with an occupational safety and health management system in warship repairs include workforce skills, adequate work equipment, warship repair work methods, understanding of material properties, effectiveness, competition, and procurement accountability for goods and services. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are the unavailability of appropriate lifting equipment, the condition of warship infrastructure, efficiency, transparency, and openness. The occupational safety and health management system model and implementation of procurement of goods and services that can optimize warship repairs are achieved by displaying variables that are supporting factors and providing additional clauses in procurement documents.
Indonesia's Energy Diplomacy to Promote Nuclear Energy as an Alternative to Energy Security
Full text linkIndonesia faces significant challenges in meeting its growing energy demand while seeking clean, sustainable, and safe energy sources. Nuclear energy is emerging as a potential alternative, supported by the country's substantial uranium reserves. However, nuclear energy development in Indonesia faces various obstacles, including public concerns regarding safety, nuclear non-proliferation issues, and high construction costs. This research aims to analyze the role of Indonesia's energy diplomacy in promoting nuclear energy to the public and internal stakeholders as a solution to improve national energy security. Qualitative research methods were used to evaluate Indonesia's internal diplomatic and promotional efforts, including document analysis and content analysis. The study examined Indonesia's bilateral and multilateral cooperation strategies, as well as its participation in international forums such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), while focusing on domestic education and socialization efforts. A key focus was identifying challenges, opportunities, and best practices in nuclear energy diplomacy and internal promotional campaigns. The research findings highlighted the importance of comprehensive public education, strengthening international cooperation, and implementing strict safety standards in nuclear energy development. Strategic measures identified include strengthening diplomatic capacity, improving transparency and communication with domestic stakeholders, and developing national nuclear technology and regulation capacity. The research concludes that by addressing these challenges through effective energy diplomacy and structured internal promotion, Indonesia can improve its public acceptance and nuclear energy development prospects. This has the potential to ensure the safe, responsible, and sustainable utilization of nuclear energy to meet the country's long-term energy needs and contribute to global efforts in climate change mitigatio
STRATEGI PERTAHANAN AUSTRALIA SEBAGAI NEGARA KEKUATAN MENENGAH DI INDO-PASIFIK
Full text linkSebagai salah satu kawasan yang dianggap sebagai “arena pertempuran” baru bagi Amerika Serikat dan China, kawasan Indo-Pasifik pada saat ini menjadi salah satu bahasan menarik karena menjadi salah satu konstruksi baru keadaan sistem internasional di era kontemporer. Dalam konteks itu, Australia sebagai negara kekuatan menengah, memiliki peranan signifikan dalam dinamika yang terjadi di kawasan tersebut. Australia dipercayai dapat menjadi “jembatan” bagi dua kekuatan besar tersebut, termasuk negara-negara sekitarnya. Sebagai negara kekuatan menengah, Australia memiliki kepabilitas pertahanan yang cukup baik. Untuk itu, Australia bisa berperan sebagai stabilizer dan juga legitimizer, sambil tetap berupaya mendukung stabilitas tatanan internasional kontemporer. Salah satunya adalah dengan menjalin aliansi dengan negara-negara sekutu, seperti QUAD dan AUKUS. Objek penelitian adalah strategi pertahanan Australia dan tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana strategi pertahanan Australia menghadapi ancaman negara-negara di Indo-Pasifik. Teori yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah teori negara menengah. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan berdasar kepada sumber-sumber yang kredibel melalui studi pustaka agar dapat menjelaskan strategi pertahanan Australia di Indo- Pasifik. Analisis data secara dekskriptif adalah proses menyusun dan menggambarkan data secara sistematis untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai strategi pertahanan Australia
INSURGENCY OF THE ETHNIC ARMED ORGANIZATIONS’ ROLE IN MYANMAR’S 2021 COUP: A TOTAL PEOPLE’S WAR ANALYSIS
Full text linkThis article attempts to uncover events in Myanmar during the 2021 coup and its relationship with the country's various Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs). The Tatmadaw initiated the 2021 coup because the civilian government's landslide victory was based on deceit and fraud. The aim was to ascertain whether the Ethnic Armed Organizations' (EAOs) inability to overturn the military coup is linked to their shortcomings in implementing the total people's war (TPW) strategy. To that end, this qualitative article utilized a historiography-analytical-based approach in its analysis. The analysis was grounded in a methodology that incorporated a framework encompassing Kiras' four concepts of a successful insurgency and Nasution's perspective on nationalism. The two methodological tools, therefore, consist of the concepts "space," "time," "support," and also "legitimacy." The EAOs' myriad backgrounds and resources make their implementation of the mentioned concept vary. The article concludes by saying that further research is needed to clarify and make other generalizations on the research question
PROTECTION OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS FROM INTERNATIONAL CRIME SYNDICATES THROUGH THE MARITIME CONTROL SYSTEM
No full textMaritime Security is a crucial element in maintaining national sovereignty and stability. Indonesia, as the largest archipelagic country in the world, faces significant challenges in securing its maritime territory, particularly from the threat of international crime syndicates through illegal migrant workers. These syndicates exploit migrant workers who are not registered with the government, causing them to become involved in transnational crimes as proxies for criminal syndicates. Indonesia's strategic position at the crossroads of international trade and migration routes makes it a prime target for these criminal activities. The less stringent monitoring of Indonesian citizens compared to foreign nationals further complicates prevention and countermeasures. International crime syndicates utilize illegal migrant workers to carry out various criminal activities such as terrorism, drug trafficking, and money laundering. These activities not only threaten national sovereignty and security but also damage Indonesia's reputation as a country that upholds human values and human rights. Therefore, addressing the threat from international crime syndicates through illegal migrant workers must be a top priority. The Indonesian government needs to undertake integrated efforts involving various agencies such as Ministries, the Navy, the Maritime Security Agency, the police, as well as international bodies and non-governmental organizations focused on human rights. Public participation and increased public awareness are also crucial in ensuring national security and sovereignty. The development of effective strategies and policies to prevent, detect, and address these illegal activities is essential to maintain Indonesia's national sovereignty and integrity.Keywords: Maritime Security, Illegal Migrant Workers, International Crime Syndicate
Revolutionizing Naval Defense Operations: Enhancing Autonomy and Capabilities of Unmanned Surface Vessels (USV) Through Advanced Technologies
No full textThe rapid integration of autonomous systems into military operations has revolutionized naval defense, with Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) emerging as a critical technology for maritime operations. USVs offer unique advantages in surveillance, reconnaissance, and maritime security. However, their effectiveness remains constrained by the reliance on human operators for critical decision-making, particularly in complex and rapidly evolving maritime environments. This study addresses these limitations by advancing USV autonomy through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), resilient communication networks, and multisensory navigation systems. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research evaluates current USV applications, identifies gaps in existing technologies, and explores advancements in other countries, including case studies of operational successes and failures. A comparative analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vessels (UAVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) is also conducted to highlight the unique role of USVs in naval operations and justify their selection for this study. The findings reveal that AI-driven decision-making reduces human oversight, enhances adaptability, and increases operational efficiency. Resilient communication protocols ensure coherent operations in contested environments, while multisensory navigation systems improve situational awareness and environmental responsiveness. These innovations collectively enhance mission success rates and tactical flexibility, underscoring the transformative potential of autonomous USVs in modern naval defense. The study concludes with a robust framework for advancing USV technologies, advocating their integration into naval operations to address the complexities of contemporary maritime threats and redefine the future of autonomous maritime systems
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN SENYAWA ASTAXANTHIN DAN BENTUK ESTERNYA UNTUK MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL
Full text linkKetahanan pangan merupakan isu multidimensi kompleks yang berperan dalam kesehatan masyarakat. Pilar yang mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional meliputi ketersediaan, aksesibilitas, dan pemanfaatan pangan, termasuk mengembangkan kualitas pangan untuk kesehatan masyarakat/sumber daya manusia. Astaxanthin, senyawa bioaktif yang ditemukan pada krustasea, ikan, dan mikroalga serta bentuk esternya, memiliki manfaat kesehatan signifikan dan berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas pangan masyarakat melalui fortifikasi. Namun, hingga kini, kajian komprehensif mengenai peluang dan tantangan pengembangan astaxanthin dalam konteks ketahanan pangan masih terbatas. Riset ini bertujuan mengulas aplikasi senyawa astaxanthin dan bentuk esternya dengan menjabarkan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sumber bahan, aplikasi dalam formulasi pangan fungsional, peluang, dan tantangan sebagai senyawa fortifikasi pangan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini merupakan literature review dengan menggunakan studi pustaka yang relevan berdasarkan pencarian kata kunci yang sesuai dengan topik pembahasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa astaxanthin dan bentuk esternya telah diformulasi sebagai pangan fungsional untuk menunjang kesehatan serta dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan alami dalam produk dan meningkatkan nutrisi pada pangan hewani. Tantangan utama pengembangan astaxanthin meliputi tingginya biaya produksi, stabilitas senyawa, serta bioavailabilitasnya dalam formulasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan astaxanthin dalam konteks ketahanan pangan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat dan mendukung ketahanan pangan nasional