Jurnal Online Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesian Defense University)
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Pemikiran Bela Negara Dan Hubungan Internasional: Pergeseran Peran Negara Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Perkembangan Sudut Pandang Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Get PDFAbstrak – Kemajuan teknologi, khususnya dibidang informasi, transportasi, dan sains, telah menciptakan evolusi peran negara sebagai aktor Hubungan Internasional (HI). Negara harus berbagi peran dengan aktor HI lainnya, seperti: organisasi internasional (OI), organisasi pemerintah/ non-pemerintah (IGOs/NGOs), kelompok epistemik, perusahaan multinasional (MNCs), dan individu. Pergeseran peran negara dalam usaha membela negara mengubah warna disiplin ilmu HI, yaitu pendekatannya. Kajian ini mendalami pergeseran peran negara dan implikasinya bagi sudut pandang HI, serta mengkaji evolusi lingkungan strategis. Hasil studi menemukan bahwa selain negara, universitas adalah salah satu calon aktor HI. Hal ini diidentifikasi melalui empat aspek berikut, yaitu: (1) aspek bela negara menuntut peran sentral (mayor) dan peran sektoral (minor) negara sebagai subyek HI dimana negara berbagi peran dengan Universitas, (2) aspek bela negara mempengaruhi pendekatan Realisme dengan perilaku anarkisnya bergeser ke pendekatan alternatif: Horizontalisme dengan perilaku gotong-royongnya, (3) aspek bela negara menuntut perubahan lingkungan strategis dari Era Global (Globalisasi) ke Era Horizontal (Horizontalisasi) atau dengan istilah “Globaliniumâ€, dan (4) aspek bela negara menjadi krusial saat disandingkan dengan kepentingan nasional di pentas Internasional.Kata Kunci : bela negara, hubungan internasional, era horizontal, globalinium, negara, universitasAbstract – The development of technological in the fields of information, transportation, and science, have created the evolution of the role of the state as an actor of International Relations (IRs). States should share roles with other IRs actors, such as international organizations (IO), government/ non-governmental organizations (IGOs / NGOs), epistemic groups, multinational corporations (MNCs), and individuals. The shifting role of the state in the effort to defend a state changed the color of the discipline of IRs, particularly in its approach. This study explores the shifting role of the state and its implications to IRs paradigm, and examines the evolution of the strategic environment. The results found that beside the “stateâ€, the “university†can be one of the IRs actors. This is identified through the following four aspects: (1) the state defense aspect demands the major role and the minor role of the state as the subject of IRs in which the State shares its role with the university, (2) the state defense aspect affects the Realism approach with the anarchy shifts to alternative approaches: Horizontalism with its “gotong-royongâ€, (3) the state defending aspect demands a strategic environmental change from the Global Era (Globalization) to the Horizontal Era (Horizontalization) or with the term “Globaliniumâ€, and (4) the state defending aspect were crucial when it juxtaposed with national interests on the international stage.Keywords: state defending, international relations, horizontal era, globalinium, state, universit
Mencintai Produk Dalam Negeri Sebagai Manifestasi Bela Negara Di Era Global
Get PDFAbstrak – Latar belakang dari penulisan ini adalah adanya fakta perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik masyarakat Indonesia di era Reformasi dan global. Termasuk perubahan dalam konteks bela negara dimana pada masa sebelumnya bela negara dipahami hanya sebagai kegiatan bersifat militer. Konsep bela negara saat ini memiliki makna yang lebih luas yaitu dalam konteks ekonomi, sosial, dan kultural. Bela negara dalam konteks ekonomi adalah membangun komitmen pola konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia dari semula memilih produk luar negeri menjadi memilih produk dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah menganalisis masalah-masalah bela negara dalam konteks ekonomi yaitu menyangkut kebiasaan masyarakat lebih memilih produk luar negeri, dampak pola konsumsi memilih produk luar kepada cadangan devisa, dan strategi yang bisa dibangun agar masyarakat lebih memilih produk nasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah studi pustaka yaitu mempelajari referensi atau kajian-kajian sebelumnya terkait dengan isu bela negara, dan diskusi mendalam dengan narasumber yang relevan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi atau meningkatkan pemahaman atas topic bela negara. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah berupa kesimpulan dan rekomendasi untuk membangun pola konsumsi masyarakat agar lebih memilih produk nasional ketimbang produk luar negeri.Kata Kunci : bela negara, produk nasional, produk luar negeriAbstract – The background of this paper is the fact of social, economic, and political change of Indonesian in the Reform and global era. It Includes changes in the context of defending state which in the past it was understood only as a military activity. The defending of state nowadays has a broader meaning in economic, social, and cultural context. The defending of state in the context of economy is more commitment to consume national products than to consume foreign product. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of defending the state in the economic context that involves people’s habits of favoring foreign products, the impact of consumption patterns on selecting external products to foreign exchange reserves, and strategies that can be built to make people prefer national products. The method used in this paper is literature study that is studying references or previous studies related to this issue, and in-depth discussion with relevant sources. This has been done to confirm or improve an understanding the topic being written. The results of this studies are in the form of conclusions and recommendations to build the pattern of public consumption to prefer national products rather than foreign products.Keywords: the defending of state, national product, foreign product Â
CHINA’S SOFT POWER: THE MAKING OF FOOTBALL SUPERPOWER (‘SOFT POWER’ CINA : MENUJU KEKUATAN ADIDAYA DALAM SEPAKBOLA)
Get PDFAbstract – A significant economic rise provides an opportunity for China to expand its influence globally, especially in sectors where China does not have strong influences. One of them is football.The average achievement of its National football has pushed the government to implement soft power strategy to improve the quality and the competitiveness of its national football. This strategy is carried out with a strong synergy between the government and private sector businesses nationwide. This paper will analyze how China’s soft power strategy implemented in order to advance its national football and their national pride globally. Keywords : China, soft power, economy, football, investment  Abstrak – Kebangkitan ekonomi Cina memberikan peluang untuk memperluas pengaruh secara global, terutama pada sektor-sektor dimana Tiongkok tidak memiliki pengaruh yang cukup kuat. Salah satunya adalah sepakbola. Prestasi sepakbola nasional yang biasa-biasa saja membuat pemerintah menerapkan strategi soft power untuk mendorong perbaikan kualitas dan persaingan sepakbola nasional. Strategi ini dilakukan dengan sinergi yang kuat antara pemerintah dengan sektor bisnis swasta nasional. Makalah ini akan menganalisis bagaimana strategi soft power tersebut diimplementasikan demi kemajuan sepakbola nasional dan kehormatan bangsa di mata dunia. Kata kunci : Cina, soft power, ekonomi, sepakbola, investas
Pancasila as Strategy to Prevent Proxy War
Get PDFThis article aim to contribute an idea regarding the importance of returning Pancasila as the state ideology and way of life to prevent Indonesia from going into deeper trap of nation problems. Pancasila as the ideology and life perspective has been abandoned by most of Indonesian citizens. It is not surprising that the Indonesian people are exposed to several national issues, such as horizontal conflicts, moral crises, economic disparities, and the threat of disintegration. All of this problem has a potential to trigger proxy war. This article is using three dimension framework of ideology, including, reality, ideal, and flexibility dimension. This study conclude that actualizing Pancasila may address the nation issues in Indonesia
Why Do States Seek to Acquire Nuclear Weapons?
Get PDFConventional wisdom maintains that security concerns are the primary motivation for states to seek nuclear weapons. Indeed, history has shown that the predominant decisions to go nuclear (starting from the U.S., the Soviet Union, China, Israel, Pakistan, and to North Korea) appear to be motivated by security concerns. Yet, the fact there have been nuclear-capable states with precarious security concerns that have decided not to seek nuclear weapons serve to challenge the aforementioned conventional wisdom. Moreover, further research and case-by-case study coupled with understanding of the fact that each state in the world has different security condition and challenges show that security concerns are, in reality, not always the primary motivation
Perencanaan Strategis Pertahanan Masa Depan Indonesia: Analisis Pada Lingkungan Strategis Asia Tenggara (Asean) Periode 2015-2020
Get PDFAbstrak – Isu yang berkembang di kawasan Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) terlihat begitu kompleks dan dinamis. Kebijakan pertahanan Indonesia pada periode 2015 – 2020 merupakan suatu fenomena yang menarik. Berdasarkan rentang waktu tersebut dapat dirumuskan perencanaan strategis pertahanan masa depan. Disamping itu, pemerintah sedang giat mengusung pembangunan sektor maritim. Isu pertahanan masa depan erat kaitannya dengan persoalan kedaulatan. Jelas hal ini sangat penting untuk dikaji, walaupun pada masa tersebut diperkirakan kemungkinan adanya ancaman yang berbentuk tradisional (militer), yaitu perang, adalah minim. Pertanyaan kajian ini adalah bagaimana perencanaan strategis pertahanan Indonesia di kawasan strategis Asia Tenggara (ASEAN). Terkait kecenderungan perkembangan lingkungan strategis atau perkiraan minimnya kemungkinan ancaman berwujud tradisional militer ini disebutkan secara eksplisit dalam Buku Putih Pertahanan Republik Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan instrumen diplomasi pertahanan menjadi dominan. Disamping melakukan pengembangan kebijakan pertahanan dan perencanaan pertahanan berupa penguatan struktur dan postur pertahanan Indonesia secara komprehensif. Indonesia perlu melakukan penguatan kapabilitas pertahanan di tengah negara-negara Asia Tenggara dengan cara memperkuat basis postur dan struktur pertahanan yang dikaitkan dengan visi poros maritimdunia. Sehingga, tercapai keterukuran atau Minimum Essential Force (MEF) yang berkelanjutan.Kata Kunci : ASEAN, kebijakan pertahanan, diplomasi pertahanan, perencanaan pertahananAbstract – Issues that develop in Southeast Asia (ASEAN) looks very complex and dynamic. Indonesia’s defense policy in the period of 2015 – 2020 is an interesting phenomenon. Based on that timeframe strategic planning of the future defense can be formulated. In addition, the government is actively promoting the development of the maritime sector. The issue of future defense is closely related to the question of sovereignty. Obviously, this is very important to be studied, although at that time it was thought that the possibility of a traditional (military) threat, showed by war is minimal. The research question is how does the strategic defense planning of Indonesia in the middle of strategic area of Southeast Asia (ASEAN). Related to the trend of strategic environment in Southeast Asia development or estimation of the minimal possibility of this tangible traditional military threat is mentioned explicitly in the Defense White Paper of the Republic of Indonesia.The results showed that the use of defense diplomacy as defense instruments became dominant. Besides, the development of defense policy and defense planning in the form of comprehensive strengthening of the Indonesian defense structure and defense posture. Indonesia needs to strengthen of defense capability in the midst of Southeast Asian countries by strengthening the base of defense posture and defense structure related to the vision of the world’s maritime axis. Therefore, sustainability of Minimum Essential Force (MEF) can be achieved.Keywords: ASEAN, defense policy, defense diplomacy, defense plannin
Wujud Bela Negara Melalui Pendidikan Budaya Hemat Energi
Get PDFAbstrak – Negara yang kuat merupakan negara yang memiliki warga negara yang bersatu padu dalam mempertahankan, memperjuangkan, serta melindungi negaranya dari segala bentuk ancaman yang terjadi, baik ancaman militer maupun non militer melalui kesadaran bela negara demi keutuhan wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Konsep bela negara dapat diwujudkan melalui pendidikan budaya hemat energi untuk keberlanjutan energi Indonesia di masa mendatang. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan budaya hemat energi secara efisien dan rasional melalui penerapan dasar nilai-nilai hemat energi yang mencakup: (1) pengembangan kurikulum green education melalui materi konservasi energi (hemat, dan bijak dan cerdas menggunakan energi); (2) pengembangan konsep kebiasaan hidup hemat energi secara dua arah (pembelajaran dari siswa ke siswa sehingga partisipasi siswa secara aktif) seperti mematikan peralatan sumber energi (keran air, lampu, AC) ketika tidak digunakan yang dilakukan secara berlanjut dengan pendampingan dari tenaga pendidik sehingga akan menjadi sebuah kebiasaan positif yang tertanam sejak kecil untuk menggunakan energi yang efisien dan rasional. Pendidikan budaya hemat energi ini bukan hanya imbauan yang bersifat normatif, namun harus ada aturan yang jelas tentang penghematan energi melalui kerjasama antara Kementerian Ristek Dikti dan Kementerian ESDM dan Kementerian Pertahanan sehingga pengembangan budaya penerapan energi secara berkelanjutan dapat tercipta dengan komitmen dari semua civitas akademika pendidikan dalam wujud bela negara.Kata Kunci : bela negara, konservasi energi, pendidikanAbstract – A strong country is a nation that has a united citizen in defending, fighting and protecting the country from all kinds of threats that occur, both military and non-military through awareness of defending the state for the integrity of the territory of Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The concept of defending the state can be realized through energy-efficient culture education for the sustainability of Indonesia’s energy in the future. This article is intended to apply energy efficient and rational culture through the application of basic energy-saving values which include: (1) development of green education curriculum through energy conservation materials (efficient, wise and energy savvy); (2) developing the concept of energy-saving lifestyle habits in two directions (learning from student to student so that active student participation) such as turning off energy source equipment (tap water, lamp, AC) when they are not used continuously with assistance from educator which will become a positive habit that is embedded from childhood to use energy efficiently and rationally. The energy-saving culture education is not only a normative appeal, but there must be clear regulation on energy saving through cooperation between Ministry of Research and Technology and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and Ministry of Defense. Therefore, the development culture of energy application continuously can be created with commitment from all academic society of education state defenses.Keywords: defending the state, energy conservation, educatio
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN PERWIRA PENGASUH TERHADAP NILAI PRESTASI MELALUI MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN TARUNA AKADEMI TNI ANGKATAN LAUT
Get PDFAbstrak - Mengingat betapa vital peran perwira pengasuh taruna terhadap pembentukan calon kader perwira TNI Angkatan Laut serta mengingat belum terukurnya pengaruh kepemimpinan perwira pengasuh tersebut kepada taruna secara keilmuan, maka pada penelitian ini dilaksanakan penghitungan pengaruh kepemimpinan perwira pengasuh taruna terhadap motivasi dan disiplin taruna serta pengaruhnya terhadap prestasi taruna. Melalui penghitungan dengan sofware Amos 18 diketahui bahwa kepemimpinan perwira pengasuh ternyata memang berpengaruh signifikan positif sebesar 0,43 terhadap motivasi taruna serta berpengaruh signifikan positif sebesar 0,10 terhadap disiplin taruna. Selain itu dalam penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa motivasi taruna berpengaruh signifikan positif sebesar 0,30 dan disiplin taruna berpengaruh signifikan positif 0,90 terhadap prestasi taruna. Melihat hasil penelitian tersebut perlu dibuat standart penilaian terhadap kepemimpinan perwira TNI Angkatan Laut yang akan ditempatkan sebagai perwira pengasuh di AAL, sehingga melalui kepemimpinan tersebut akan diperoleh tunas-tunas perwira baru TNI Angkatan Laut yang handal dan profesional.Kata Kunci: perwira pengasuh, taruna; kepemimpinan, motivasi, disiplin, prestasi, uji validitas, reliabilitas, SEMAbstract - Given how vital the role of caregiver officer to the formation of candidate cadres of Naval officer of Navy and considering the unaccounted influence of leadership of caregiver officer to cadet in scientific, hence in this research counted the influence of leadership of caregiver officer to motivation and discipline of cadets and its influence to the achievement of cadets. Through the calculation with the software Amos 18 known that the leadership of caregiver officer was indeed a significant positive effect of 0.43 on cadet motivation and a significant positive effect of 0.10 on cadet discipline. Also in this study also known that cadet motivation have a significant positive effect of 0.30 and cadet discipline has a significant positive effect of 0.90 on cadets achievement. Seeing the results of this study should be made standard assessment of the leadership of Navy officers who will be placed as a caregiver officer in the AAL, so that through the leadership will be obtained shoots of new officers of the Navy a reliable and professional.Keywords: caregiver officer, cadets, leadership, motivation, discipline, achievement, test validity, reliability, SE
Kinship System Border as Social Capital Community
Get PDFThis research on kinship systems of border communities as social capital in overcoming the threat of non-military in District Paloh Sambas district of West Kalimantan Province. In analyzing the problem of research used Kinship Systems theory, the theory of social interaction and social capital theory, the concept of border area and the concept of non-military threats. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collected through observation, interview, and literature study. The results showed that the alliance system in the village of Temajuk not only is biological (blood ties or marriage), but also sociological (local socio-cultural influences). This kinship system produces social interaction is associative because it was built on the basis of trust (trust) among them. Trust is the basis of social capital. The strong social capital the communities in Temajuk can overcome the threat of non-military in the border region. The findings show that social capital is an important aspect of national defens
Strengthening Indonesia’s Role In Indian Ocean Through IORA
Get PDFIndonesian government concerned to determine the future of the Pacific and Indian Ocean Region through new vision as the world maritime fulcrum. Significant growth in Indian Ocean region urges a cooperation approach between littoral countries located around the Indian Ocean and lead the establishment of Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA). The cooperation will lead to the accomplishment of the Indonesia’s national interests. On the other side, the potential trade volume in the Indian Ocean region cannot be reached because of limited maritime infrastructure that facilitates the current trade. IORA should develop a master plan or blueprint on connectivity that will provide the infrastructure development agenda with the Public-Private Partnership to accelerate the infrastructure development. By this situation, the development of maritime infrastructure can be a double advantage for Indonesia because it will connect APEC and IORA. The important things to consider in terms of security is a potential threat both to security and defense if the government decided to open and build a deep seaport in Western Sumatera and Java Island.It is important to evaluate the potential threats and challenges if Indonesia wants to be a fulcrum of world maritime activity