Jurnal Online Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesian Defense University)
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Water Use Efficiency in Rice Cultivar Inpago 7 in The Context of Searching for Drought Tolerant for Indonesia’s National Food Security
Full text linkRice is a staple food source in Indonesia, but its production is declining due to drought stress that can hinder its growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to identify rice varieties resistant to drought stress. This research aims to determine the efficiency of water use in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar. This research uses the method of measuring relative water content. The measurement of relative water content is done by weighing the fresh weight, turgid weight, and dry weight. The samples used are the leaves of the Inpago 7 rice cultivar and Inpago 5 rice cultivar as a positive control, with each sample undergoing two repetitions. Each leaf sample is weighed to obtain the fresh weight, and then distilled water is added and left at room temperature for 24 hours. The leaves are weighed again to obtain the turgid weight. The leaves were dried at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours, and then the dry weight was measured. The data obtained is then correlated with the physiological responses of the leaves from each sample. The relative water content in the Inpago 5 rice cultivar is lower than the relative water content in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar and has a negative correlation with the physiological response of the leaves. The efficiency of water use in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar can be a candidate for a plant breeding program that is resistant to drought stress, which can support Indonesia's national food security
Blue Ocean Leadership as a Transformational Strategy in Addressing Educational Challenges in Indonesia's Border Regions
No full textIndonesia's geographically challenging frontier regions. As border areas face unique educational challenges, including infrastructure limitations, teacher shortages, and cultural complexity, conventional leadership approaches often prove insufficient. Blue Ocean Leadership is a strategy that focuses on unlocking the untapped talent and motivation of employees by shifting leadership actions from traditional, competitive approaches to those that create value and inspire engagement. Drawing on blue ocean strategy principles and adaptive leadership frameworks, this research investigates how educational leaders in Indonesian border regions create uncontested leadership spaces while adapting to local contexts. Through narrative analysis of twenty-five in-depth interviews with educational leaders across five border provinces, this study identifies four transformative leadership patterns: context-sensitive innovation, cross-border collaborative networks, cultural integration in pedagogical approaches, and technology-enabled resilience. The findings reveal how adaptive leadership creates value through both structural improvements and cultural-pedagogical innovations. This research contributes to educational leadership literature by demonstrating how blue ocean leadership principles can be contextually adapted to address the distinctive challenges of border education management while building regional resilience. The study provides actionable insights for educational policymakers and practitioners in similar geopolitically complex regions worldwide
TNI Influence Operation and Information Warfare Force; Noopolitik Perspective
No full textThe news about the Indonesian National Army’s, or Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), budget for internet buzzers has led to public disapproval. This disagreement shows how the public is still unfamiliar with the idea that Influence Operations and Information Warfare (IOIW) is now a thing in national security and defense strategy. This article aims to make sense of why TNI should consider the IOIW capability. With the library research method, this article introduces the conceptual and theoretical argument of Noopolitik and IOIW to the Indonesian policymakers and the general public. Noopolitik is a concept explaining the existence of the noosphere, a world "thinking circuit" and "realm of the mind" that politicians today, in the era of advanced information and communication technology, also consider. Thus, Noopolitik allows us to rationalize that a country nowadays should consider not only the geosphere for its national interest but also the noosphere which one country may hijack and influence through information dissemination. Thus, the noosphere is now a new emergent battlefield, and IOIW refers to the combat that takes place on it, with the goal of gaining influence using information as a weapon. With that idea, this article argues that it is reasonable for TNI to procure the capability for IOIW. The IOIW ability will allow TNI to protect the Indonesian Noosphere from the attacks of its potential adversaries, as they might want to influence Indonesian public opinion and action in a hostile outcome for the nation's harmony and stability. The general public have to grasp the theoretical framework of Noopolitik, which elucidates the contemporary relevance of IOIW. It will lead them to have necessary understanding why should they provide support to TNI for the procurement of additional power for IOIW capabilities when required. This article may function as an initial evaluation for politicians and the public to recognize TNI's augmentation of the IOIW force
The Effect of Training, Work Environment, Esprit de Corps, and Competence on Combat Readiness
No full textPersonnel combat readiness is the main focus of the Indonesian Air Force units in carrying out their main tasks. Air Squadron 15 (Iswahjudi Air Force Base) is one of the Indonesian Air Force units that is expected to have maximum personnel combat readiness, but in reality, the combat readiness of personnel in this unit is not yet optimal. Personnel combat readiness can be influenced by various factors. This study used a quantitative method with a sample size of 59 people, and data analysis was carried out using path analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that training has a direct positive effect on combat readiness, the work environment had a direct positive effect on combat readiness, and environmental factors had a direct positive effect on combat readiness. Esprit de corps had a direct positive effect on combat readiness, and competence had a direct positive effect on combat readiness. Furthermore, training had a direct positive effect on competence, the work environment had a direct positive effect on competence, esprit de corps had a direct positive effect on competence, and training had a direct positive effect on esprit de corps. It is recommended that Air Squadron 15 improve the combat readiness of personnel by increasing and improving the training process, work environment, esprit de corps, and personnel competence. In addition, further research is needed on the combat readiness of personnel by considering other relevant aspects. It is recommended that the Indonesian Air Force leaders in air units increase the combat readiness of their personnel by adding/improving the variables that influence it
PERAN STRATEGIS INDONESIA DALAM PENANGGULANGAN IUU FISHING MELALUI DIPLOMASI KELEMBAGAAN RPOA IUU
No full textPenelitian ini menganalisis peran strategis Indonesia sebagai sekretariat tetap Regional Plan of Action to Promote Responsible Fishing Practices including to Combat Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (RPOA-IUU) dalam memperkuat tata kelola perikanan regional dan mendukung kebijakan domestik penanggulangan IUU fishing. Berbeda dari kajian sebelumnya yang berfokus pada implementasi lokal atau evaluasi umum kerja sama regional, penelitian ini menyoroti dimensi kelembagaan dan diplomasi maritim Indonesia melalui kerangka regime theory dan liberal institutionalism. Dengan metode studi pustaka, penelitian memetakan kontribusi Indonesia dalam fasilitasi koordinasi lintas negara, harmonisasi kebijakan pengawasan, adopsi teknologi pemantauan seperti Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) dan Automatic Identification System (AIS), serta integrasi prinsip RPOA-IUU ke dalam kebijakan nasional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa posisi ini memberi leverage diplomasi sekaligus legitimasi politik bagi Indonesia, namun efektivitasnya masih terkendala oleh keterbatasan infrastruktur, rendahnya interoperabilitas data, perbedaan kapasitas dan kepentingan antarnegara anggota, serta minimnya mekanisme evaluasi kinerja kelembagaan. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan kapasitas sekretariat, percepatan integrasi teknologi, pembentukan mekanisme evaluasi bersama, dan peningkatan peran masyarakat lokal guna memastikan keberlanjutan sumber daya laut dan stabilitas tata kelola perikanan kawasan
CLAUSEWITZ IN THE ERA OF AUTONOMOUS WAR: THE RELEVANCE OF CLASSICAL STRATEGIES IN THE DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONFLICT
Full text linkCarl von Clausewitz's strategic thinking, in On War, remains a fundamental reference in the study of war and military strategy. However, the emergence of advanced technologies such as drones, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous weapons, and cyber warfare has introduced significant challenges to the classical application of Carl von Clausewitz's thinking. The purpose of this research is to revisit the relationship between four core Clausewitzian concepts: the trinity of war, the fog of war, political dominance, and the center of gravity, by reinterpreting these concepts in the context of technology driven conflict. Through a qualitative approach based on literature and theoretical criticism, this study also evaluates the limitations of Clausewitzian theory using the Russian-Ukrainian war as a case study that illustrates the tension between classical strategy and autonomous warfare. Although the tools and methods of warfare have evolved, the fundamental nature of war as a violent and uncertain political phenomenon remains unchanged. The findings of this research confirm that Clausewitz's principles still hold strategic value when applied contextually and adaptively. This article offers an original cross-disciplinary conceptual framework that integrates classical theory with AI-based conflict, ethics, and technological transformation, providing a unified analytical perspective for understanding future warfare
The Role of Paenibacillus in the Plant Pathogen Biological Control Strategies: A Literature Review
Full text linkModern agriculture has faced many serious challenges due to the increasing attack of plant pathogens, that resulted in the decline in productivity and quality of agricultural products. Over-reliance on chemical pesticides often poses many problems in pathogen resistance, environmental pollution, and health risks, so more sustainable alternative strategies are needed. Paenibacillus is a genus of endospore-forming gram-positive soil bacteria that has been widely studied for its potential as a biocontrol agent. Its biocontrol mechanisms include the production of antimicrobial compounds (lipopeptides, antibiotics, secondary metabolites), the activity of hydrolytic enzymes (chitinase, β-glucanase, cellulase), and inhibition through volatile compounds (VOCs) that play a role in suppressing pathogens remotely. In addition to the direct mechanism, Paenibacillus also supports plant health indirectly through the induction of systemic resistance (ISR), which activates the plant's hormonal pathways and defense genes, as well as its role as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) through nitrogen fixation, phosphate and potassium dissolution, siderophore production, and phytohormone synthesis. Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of species such as P. polymyxa, P. terrae, P. peoriae, and P. elgii in suppressing important pathogens, including Meloidogyne incognita, Fusarium proliferatum, Coniella vitis, Pectobacterium brasiliense, and Ralstonia solanacearum. This literature review confirms that Paenibacillus has great potential as a multifunctional biocontrol agent that not only suppresses the development of plant diseases but also increases plant growth and resilience, making it feasible to develop as an environmentally friendly biological control strategy that supports sustainable agriculture
Modeling Sunspot Activity Variability and Autoregulation in the Period 2000-2018 with Advanced Statistical Approach
Full text linkThis study analyzes sunspot activity data from 2000 to 2018 to identify patterns and factors influencing fluctuations in solar activity, which has implications for space weather and global climate. The study focuses on parameters such as mu, omega, α1 (autoregressive), and β1 (moving average), hypothesizing that sunspot activity exhibits significant variability and can be predicted using modified ARMA models. The research employs statistical analysis of ARMA model parameters, including significance tests, serial correlation, and heteroscedasticity analysis, along with stability tests (Nyblom) and sign bias evaluation. Results show that mu and omega parameters significantly influence sunspot activity, with high t-statistics. The autoregressive coefficient α1 strongly predicts future activity, while β1 (moving average) has minimal impact. Findings confirm that sunspot activity is volatile, dependent on past values, and exhibits serial correlation and heteroscedastic volatility. The study underscores the need for more advanced models, such as ARIMA or AI-based approaches, to improve predictive accuracy. Autoregressive modeling proved effective, while moving averages showed limited contribution
Enhancing Food Security: Chlorophyll B Content in Several Rice Genotypes as an Indicator of Drought Stress Tolerance
Full text linkDrought stress poses a major challenge in rice cultivation, particularly in dryland areas, as it inhibits plant growth and significantly reduces yield. Rice plants that are not drought-tolerant often suffer damage during critical growth phases, necessitating the development of rice varieties that possess resilience to drought stress to ensure food security. This study aims to identify rice genotypes with the highest chlorophyll B content, which may be more resistant to drought conditions, allowing them to be developed as superior varieties in water-scarce areas. The experiment involved measuring the highest chlorophyll B content in each test plant with three replications. Subsequently, the data were correlated with physiological traits such as leaf length, leaf count, and root length. We found that the highest chlorophyll B content was observed in the Inpago 5 rice variety, which positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, and plant height. Therefore, chlorophyll B content can be used as an indicator of drought stress resistance in rice.
Religious Organizations in the Practice of Total People’s Defense: Muhammadiyah’s Strategy in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesia’s national defense paradigm from a militaristic orientation to a model of total social defense based on community participation. This study aims to analyze how Muhammadiyah, as a religious organization in Indonesia, implemented the practice of Total People’s Defense (Sistem Pertahanan Semesta/SISHANTA) through civil society–based strategies during the pandemic crisis. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research explores Muhammadiyah’s strategies and resource mobilization patterns through the Muhammadiyah COVID-19 Command Center (MCCC). Data were collected through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and field observations in three key regions: Yogyakarta, Jakarta, and West Sumatra Findings show that Muhammadiyah operationalized three key pillars of defense: health (defense of life), education (defense of knowledge), and economy (defense of welfare). These dimensions illustrate a model of civil defense that integrates faith, science, and humanitarian action to strengthen national resilience. Muhammadiyah’s experience illustrates that total defense can be realized through moral conviction, social solidarity, and institutional collaboration. Faith-based organizations serve not only as humanitarian agents but also as partners in safeguarding national stability and human security. The study suggests the need for stronger integration of civil and faith-based organizations into Indonesia’s national defense policy and the inclusion of civic and humanitarian values in educational curricula to cultivate resilience. This study focuses on a single case Muhammadiyah’s response in three regions during the 2020–2022 pandemic thus limiting generalization. Future research should adopt comparative approaches to explore broader models of civil-based defense in Indonesia