Jurnal Online Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesian Defense University)
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THE RAPID CHANGES OF THE U.S. FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE TO UKRAINE IN 2019: A NEOCLASSICAL REALISM PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFIn the US fiscal year 2019, Trump and the US Congress agreed to provide foreign military assistance funds approximately $400 million to Ukraine. In its distribution process, Trump procrastinated the release as he decided to halt that in July. Two months later, he changed it and released the assistance. This study seeks to analyze the dynamics of that rapid change policy. In doing so, it employs qualitative research, particularly the process-tracing method as its function to trace the causal mechanism of the research puzzle. By applying Neoclassical Realism provided by Ripsman, Taliaferro, and Lobell, this paper demonstrates some findings: Â The halt policy is regarding Trump's political endeavor to weaken and outperform his domestic political rival, the Democratic Party. Trump asked the Ukrainian counterpart to investigate Joe Biden's corruption and reverted Russia hack scandal in the last US presidential election in exchange for the release of military assistance. However, the policy was hampered by some domestic elements, (1) some of the Foreign Policy Executive thought the halt policy was not following the US national security, hence they acted as whistleblowers issuing Trump personal interest in the issue to gain wider public awareness; (2) US Strategic Culture, a perception that shapes Russia as among US enemy. Thus, that halt policy is perceived against US collective value; (3) US check and balance system; (4) Trump consideration that the halt policy can jeopardize his position as president in the next election. These factors contribute to the release of assistance
SPATIAL DISORIENTATION TRAINING TO SUPPORT FLYING SAFETY IN INDONESIAN AIR FORCE
Get PDFThe magnitude of aircraft accidents due to the spatial disorientation (SD) experienced by the aircrew has encouraged efforts to provide optimum training to prevent and minimize those unexpected accidents. In their publication, USAF has stated that SD had caused 15-69% of their aircraft fatal accidents. This study aims to determine the extent of which the SD training program in Aerophysiological Indoctrination and exercise (ILA) of the Indonesian Air Force has been carried out effectively, making it useful for the crew to prevent accidents. The main focus of the study is to analyze the willingness of aircraft crew; leadership support policy, simulator tool condition, and qualification of instructors. This research designed to use a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collections obtained through depth interviews involving Indonesian Air Force aircrews, aviation health experts, instructors officer of Health Service of Indonesian Air Force, and also through the search of publication and related documents. The results show that there are still many aspects required more attention from the Indonesian Air Force authorities; insufficient simulator facilities that are too old and out of Job, inadequate software as the basis of the implementation of the training program, the limited .qualifications of training instructors, and lack of support from higher commands
SEA DEFENSE STRATEGY AND URGENCY OF FORMING MARITIME COMMAND CENTER
Get PDFAdagium Si Vis Pacem Para Bellum, which means who wants peace, prepare for war. Faced with the dynamics of the global and regional strategic environment affecting the defense system that must be prepared by Indonesia. China's aggressive action in the Natuna Sea is one proof that defense in the Indonesian sea is still a serious concern that must be addressed. The aim of this study is to find the best sea defense strategy, to secure the New Capital, especially in the sea area. The study was carried out in the sea area which is the responsibility of the Makassar Navy Base VI. This study uses George Edward III's public policy implementation theory, qualitative descriptive is the method used with the phenomenological approach. The results of this study show that the implementation of the transmission subfactor, communication is only limited to the internal communication of each law enforcement entity, there is no integrated operational-tactical operational nature. The implementation of the communication clarity sub-factor between law enforcement entities is also not yet optimal, due to the limited facilities and other facilities, especially related to the problem of operational-tactical communication equipment. While the implementation of the communication consistency subfactor, the existence of regulations on each entity as the operational basis at sea, makes the bureaucratic procedures ineffective and inefficient. In conclusion, the communication factor between law enforcement entities must be a priority, so that performance can be optimally effective and efficient, integrated hardware, software, and brainware must be built. An entity that can act as the main controller that can coordinate all entities related to law enforcement at sea, and see the results of research related to the entity that has the greatest potential as a controller of sea security in the Makassar region, the researchers recommend the Navy as the Command Center
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS: FROM THE COMMUNICATION, MEDIA, PROPAGANDA, AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThis millennial era that is inseparable with technological advancement, the role of media and communication become more crucial. Those two components shape up and influence human psychological development. Media and communication are two aspects that intertwined from both good and bad influence. Those good and bad stigmas are also inseparable from propaganda. The strength of propaganda depends on whether or not the socio-cultural element is accurately used to deliver the selected message. Sciences regarding social system have become more important because it is related to potential target to support the psychological operations. The psychological operations consisted of delivering a particular message or information through selected media (product) to influence or modify the behavior of the receiver (target audience). In the context of national resilience, astagatra is also known as one of the aspects that influence the success of psychological operations. Therefore, this paper will discuss the study of psychological operations from several disciplines such as communication, media, propaganda, and socio-cultural perspective. The study regarding history and development of psychological operations will be explained using critical-literacy methods strengthened by literature review. This research finds that psychological operations are one of the ways that shown to influence human mindset and trait, or behavior to a specific target audience that supported by intertwining aspects such as communication, media, propaganda, and socio-cultural aspects that significant to the success of psychological operations of a particular country
MENGHADIRKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM HISTORIOGRAFI PASCA MERDEKA: MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BELA NEGARA MELALUI NARASI SEJARAH
Get PDFMakalah ini membahas pentingnya narasi sejarah dalam upaya menumbuhkan karakter bela negara. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya persoalan pola pikir mengenai bela negara, yaitu bahwa bela negara hanya dilakukan TNI dan POLRI, serta bela negara hanya pantas dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Dalam permasalahan tersebut, studi sejarah berperan penting untuk mendekonstruksi pola pikir masyarakat. Karenanya, makalah ini menawarkan solusi untuk membangun karakter bela negara, yaitu melalui upaya menghadirkan perempuan dalam historiografi pasca kemerdekaan. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mendorong pembongkaran terhadap pengeksklusian peran perempuan dalam historiografi pasca kemerdekaan, sebab pada kenyataannya, banyak perempuan Indonesia yang terlibat dalam upaya bela negara pasca 1945. Hasil penelitian dalam makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa pasca kemerdekaan Indonesia, banyak perempuan yang memiliki peranan penting dalam bidang politik, kesenian, hingga bidang kesehatan. Dengan memperkenalkan narasi tentang betapa pentingnya peran perempuan sepanjang sejarah pasca kemerdekaan, maka generasi muda akan memiliki kesadaran bahwa bela negara juga dapat dilakukan oleh kaum perempuan. Dengan demikian, menghadirkan perempuan dalam historiografi pasca merdeka akan sangat membantu bangsa Indonesia untuk menumbuhkan karakter bela negara.Kata Kunci: bela negara, historiografi, kesadaran sejarah, pengeksklusian, perempua
STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN DAN KETAHANAN NASIONAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF DAYA JUANG BANGSA
Get PDFDaya tahan bangsa bermakna konsep dan kekuatan memelihara ketahanan nasional mencakup eksistensi di tengah peradaban dan perubahan lingkungan strategis, menuju kondisi dinamis ketahanan nasional untuk memelihara keteraturan, stabilitas, dan potensi terjadinya perubahan (the stability idea of changes). Tantangan dan problematika ketahanan nasional merupakan varian dinamik yang memerlukan pemikiran komprehensif terhadap sistem, kebijakan dan strategi perilaku kebangsaan (behaviour science) yang didukung patriotisme dan energi keamanan kesehatan bangsa terhadap peran TNI untuk mengisi zona dan akumulasi pembangunan kesehatan yang menggambarkan performance keswadayaan dan ketahanan nasional. Daya juang kesehatan bangsa dalam perspektif kekuatan struktural dan partisipatif bertitik tolak kepada kemampuan menggerakkan leadership, metabolic health community dan agent of change yang memenuhi nilai keandalan High Reliability Organization (HRO). Keandalan yang terbentuk akan memicu spirit inovasi dan out the box merangkai suatu jejaring (networking) untuk perubahan, sehingga termanifestasikan sebagai performance keandalan profesional yang menjunjung tinggi potensi kesehatan bangsa dan ketahanan nasional. Sinergitas Sistem Kesehatan Nasional (SKN) dan Sistem Kesehatan Pertahanan (Siskeshan) merupakan jaring yang saling bertaut untuk mendukung upaya pemberdayaan nilai strategis kesehatan nasional. Strategi ini menguatkan jejaring ketahanan nasional (one health) terhadap kompleksitas ancaman global kesehatan yang mengancam ketahanan nasional. Tantangan global dengan adanya Public Health Emergency berupa wabah yang sedemikian cepat dengan problematika yang sulit diprediksi, memicu setiap negara memperkuat daya juang bangsa untuk mensinergikan pembangunan kesehatan berasaskan sistem ketahanan nasional.Kata Kunci : daya tahan bangsa, leadership, agent of change, sinergitas skn-siskeshan, Unha
GEOSTRATEGY OF BITUNG PORT AREA ON INDONESIA'S MARITIME SECURITY PERSPECTIVE (STUDY ON THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION IN 2018-2019)
Get PDFThe Port of Bitung area has a number of potentials that can impact the structure of national security and national defense, because it has a strategic concept for the Indo-Pacific Region. The Bitung Port area as an international hub port, stated in the Minister of Transportation Decree Number 54 of 2002 concerning the Implementation of Sea Ports. The method in this study used a qualitative descriptive approach and data analysis techniques used an interactive of model analysis. This study analyzes the Geostrategy concept for the Port of Bitung Region as part of a national security strategy to strengthen national defense based on the maritime security side and the economic implications of the Indo-Pacific Region. The results show that in general the analysis of the strategy of the Bitung port area in maritime security studies for national national security and national defense shows several things: 1) the strategic conditions of the Bitung Port area need to be supported by strategic and integrated policies between the Central government and the North Sulawesi Province Bitung City; 2) the development of special economic zones (KEK) requires accelerated implementation of policies in a sustainable manner with full support from the budget side, this is to strengthen the territorial basis in the geostrategic concept; and 3) there needs to be an approach towards the community in supporting the realization of the strategic area of Bitung City, North Sulawesi. The fulfillment of these requirements has made the Bitung Port area capable of supporting geostrategy through strategic maritime security studies and economic implications, because it is located in the Indo-Pacific Region as a center for political and economic defense so as to strengthen national security and national defense.Keywords: geostrategy, port area, Bitung Harbor, Indo-Pacific regio
THE STRATEGY FOR HEALTH DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL RESILIENCE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE NATION'S POWER
Get PDFThe nation’s resilience means the concept and power of maintaining nationalresilience which includes existence in the midst of civilization and strategic environmental changes, towards the dynamic conditions of national resilience to maintain order, stability, and the potential for change (the stability idea of changes). The challenges and problems of national resilience are dynamic variants that require a comprehensive way of thinking on the systems,policies, and strategies of nationality behavior (behavior science) supported by patriotism and the energy security of the nation's health towards the role of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to fill the zone and the accumulation of health development that illustrates the performance of self-reliance and national resilience. The nation's health power in the perspective of structural and participatory strength starts with the ability to drive leadership, metabolic health community and agent of change that meets the reliability value of High-Reliability Organization (HRO). The reliability that is formed will trigger the spirit of innovation and out the box to assemble a network for change so that it is manifested as a performance of professional reliability that upholds the nation's health potential and national resilience. The synergy of the National Health System (SKN) and the Defense Health System (Siskeshan) are interrelated networks to support efforts to empower the strategic value of national health. This strategy strengthens national resilience (one health) network towards the complexity of global health threats that threaten national resilience. The global challenge with the emergence of a Public Health Emergency in the form of an outbreak that is so rapid with unpredictable problems triggers every country to strengthen the nation's power to synergize health development basedon the national resilience system.Keywords: The National Resillience, Leadership, Agent of Change, Synergy of The National Health System (SKN) and The Defense Health System (Siskeshan), Unha
THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY 2014-2019)
Get PDFBased on the fluctuating trend of human trafficking cases which is considered as still high in number, the Government of Indonesia should take serious action in combating these issues in Indonesia to protect the human rights of Indonesian citizens. The human security issue and actions taken by the Government of Indonesia will be the fundamental objective of this research. The theoretical framework used to analyze the issue in this study is the theory of Human Security, Role Theory, and the concept of Human Trafficking. To analyze the data, this study will use qualitative methods. The results show that the government has succeeded in managing several steps that are useful to increase awareness in cooperation and coordination between state institutions. The government has also kept the cooperation well with several foreign states and external parties to eradicate human trafficking not only in Indonesia but also in the international sphere
THE ENERGY PROVISION DILEMMA OF COAL VERSUS WIND FROM THE ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE WITHIN THE ENERGY SECURITY FRAMEWORK
Get PDFThe energy security principle demands the fulfillment of availability, acceptability, affordability, accessibility, and sustainability. Under the financial constraints, it is very challenging to achieve. As a result, immediate decisions, often only based on the lowest cost neglecting the overall impacts, are taken. This study aims to reveal the energy provision dilemma through a literature review method and simple calculation analysis. This study intends to exemplify how to conduct an equitable analysis by comparing wind and coal power plants’ impacts from the economic, environmental, and social perspectives. This study finds that the mutually complement characteristics of NRE (New and Renewable Energy) and non-NRE (fossil energy sources) raise a dilemma in selecting the energy source, where the financial constraints exaggerate the dilemma. The study also finds that the electricity generating cost of coal is cheaper than wind, but the external costs turn over the result. Coal damages the environment more than wind, but the impacts are often neglected, and society bears the cost. A simple adsorption method could minimize the impacts, but it depends on the producers’ willingness to conduct, which eventually by the consumers’ willingness to pay the higher price. In the social aspect, both power plants have relatively more equal indirect impacts, but coal’s direct impacts are more detrimental than wind. While an energy source may excel the other, considering the specific circumstances is a must. Financial constraints aggravate the developing countries’ dilemma between achieving energy security or fulfilling the basic needs and pursuing economic growt