Jurnal Online Universitas Pertahanan (Indonesian Defense University)
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Comparison of Lignin Degradation in Empty Oil Palm Bunches Biomass with Alkaline Pretreatment
Full text linkLignocellulose is an abundant polysaccharide component in nature and consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin degradation is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass from empty oil palm fruit bunches to produce bioenergy and valuable chemicals. Alkaline pretreatment method has become an effective approach in lignin degradation. This study aims to compare alkaline pretreatment with other methods in terms of lignin degradation efficiency. The initial treatment was carried out by cooking using a bench scale reactor at a temperature of 150 oC for 30 minutes. Characteristics before and after alkaline pretreatment were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The research results showed the lowest lignin content was 7.71% with alkali pretreatment using a reactor
GEOSPASIAL INTELLIGENCE SEBAGAI PILAR STRATEGIS DALAM MITIGASI ANCAMAN KEAMANAN NASIONAL
No full textDi tengah era ketidakpastian global, Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) menjadi komponen krusial dalam mitigasi ancaman keamanan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran strategis, fungsionalitas, dan implementasi GEOINT dalam mendukung pengambilan keputusan di tengah ancaman yang dinamis. Menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai literatur untuk membedah dimensi operasional GEOINT, mulai dari pengumpulan hingga analisis data geospasial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa GEOINT tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengidentifikasi dan memprediksi risiko, tetapi juga sebagai fondasi untuk membangun kesadaran situasional dan mempercepat respons terhadap ancaman seperti terorisme dan kejahatan lintas negara. Kajian ini juga mengidentifikasi tantangan utama, termasuk kebutuhan integrasi kebijakan, kolaborasi antarlembaga, dan pengembangan infrastruktur serta sumber daya manusia yang adaptif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa optimalisasi GEOINT sebagai pilar strategis pertahanan menuntut adanya kerangka regulasi yang kuat dan pengembangan kapasitas berkelanjutan. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan menjadi referensi bagi para pemangku kebijakan dan praktisi untuk memaksimalkan potensi GEOINT dalam menjaga stabilitas nasional
ANALISIS SEJARAH PRODUKSI, PENGGUNAAN, DAN PERKEMBANGAN CHAFF SEBAGAI ALAT COUNTERMEASURE PERSENJATAAN UDARA
No full textPenelitian ini melakukan analisis terhadap sejarah produksi, penggunaan, dan perkembangan chaff sebagai alat countermeasure dalam konteks perang udara dengan pendekatan kualitatif serta studi literatur sistematis. Chaff, yang pertama kali diterapkan pada Perang Dunia II, telah mengalami evolusi yang signifikan dalam hal material, teknologi produksi, dan taktik penggunaan untuk menghadapi sistem radar musuh yang semakin canggih. Studi ini mengeksplorasi komposisi modern chaff yang berbasis serat kaca berlapis aluminium dengan diameter mikron, proses produksi yang menggunakan teknologi tinggi seperti chemical etching, serta sistem dispenser canggih seperti AN/ALE-47 yang mampu mengintegrasikan kecerdasan buatan untuk pengoperasian yang adaptif. Selain itu, analisis mendalam mengenai taktik penyebaran chaff, seperti force screening dan self-protection, serta koordinasi dengan electronic countermeasures (ECM) dijelaskan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas perlindungan pesawat. Penelitian ini juga membahas teknik electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM) yang dikembangkan oleh radar modern dan strategi counter-ECCM yang terus berinovasi. Perkembangan material nanoteknologi, seperti carbon nanotube dan quantum metamaterial, serta integrasi artificial intelligence dan machine learning membuka arah baru dalam pengembangan chaff sebagai sistem countermeasure yang prediktif dan adaptif. Hasil pengujian radar cross section (RCS) menunjukkan adanya trade-off antara performa material dan karakteristik operasional chaff. Implementasi chaff yang kompatibel dengan berbagai platform udara dan laut serta standar internasional juga menjadi sorotan. Kesimpulannya, chaff tetap menjadi teknologi fundamental dalam electronic warfare, dengan inovasi material dan sistem cerdas yang mempersiapkan efektivitasnya dalam menghadapi lanskap ancaman udara modern yang semakin kompleks dan dinamis. Studi ini memberikan wawasan strategis mengenai evolusi chaff yang menekankan pentingnya inovasi berkelanjutan dan adaptabilitas untuk mempertahankan keunggulan pertahanan udara di masa depan
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Effectiveness against Pathogenic Bacteria: A Literature Review
Full text linkAntibiotics have become one of the most influential discoveries in the history of medicine due to their ability in reducing mortality rates from bacterial infections. In general, the mechanism of antibiotics can be divided into two types: bacteriostatic, which inhibits bacterial growth, and bactericidal, which kills bacteria directly. This article reviews various literatures on the effectiveness of several antibiotics that are often prescribed in health services such as amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, amikacin, and gentamicin, as well as their specific correlation with pathogenic bacteria that cause infection. We discovered that the effectiveness of antibiotics is greatly influenced by molecular targets, dosages, environmental conditions, and usage patterns. Inappropriate use, in terms of antibiotic selection and dosage, has been shown to contribute to the emergence of resistance through gene mutation mechanisms and metabolic changes in bacteria. This situation has made antibiotic resistance a serious challenge in clinical practice and global public health. Therefore, a more rational, selective, and evidence-based antibiotic usage strategy is needed to maintain the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the rate of pathogenic bacterial resistance
Indigenous Land Philosophy as a Foundation for Patriotic Character: Lessons from Indonesia's Cultural Heritage
No full textThe land philosophy embraced by indigenous communities fundamentally represents a microcosm of patriotic character. When discussing ancestral land philosophy, indigenous communities demonstrate profound reverence for inherited land, perceiving it as a living entity or maternal figure that embodies values of loyalty and filial piety. This perspective fosters responsible attitudes toward environmental conservation, as land is viewed as a living being that requires protection. Indigenous land philosophy places strong emphasis on intergenerational responsibility to preserve land for future descendants. This aligns with efforts to maintain national cultural heritage through the preservation of ancestral land values. The concept of communal land ownership within indigenous communities also reflects values of unity and mutual cooperation that form the foundation of communal life. The profound connection to homeland represents a shared emphasis in both indigenous land philosophy and patriotic spirit. Indonesia's independence struggle history has demonstrated how threats to ancestral land sovereignty can ignite patriotic resistance. This study utilizes qualitative literature review with systematic content analysis. Data was collected from academic sources including books and journal articles relevant to the research topic, This reflects a holistic approach to national loyalty and identity, where connection to land transcends physical boundaries to include spiritual and cultural dimensions, forming a robust foundation for authentic and sustainable love of country. The indigenous perspective on land thus provides valuable insights into how traditional wisdom can inform and enrich contemporary understandings of patriotism and national identity
Addition of Dehacide 267 As an Anti-Fungal Smart Material on the Body Coating of the MV3 Garuda Limousine
Full text linkMilitary vehicles, such as the MV3 Garuda Limousine, operate in harsh environments that often lead to fungal growth, degrading the protective body coating. This study addressed the issue by integrating Dehacide 267, a non-oxidizing biocide composed of a synergistic combination of isothiazolines and bronopol, into an acrylic-based coating. The coating, prepared with a 2% (w/w) biocide concentration, was tested for antifungal efficacy against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. The results confirmed that the addition of Dehacide 267 significantly inhibited fungal growth. The biocide achieved up to 95% inhibition after four weeks, demonstrating high effectiveness in preventing fungal colonization. The proposed mechanism of action involves damaging the fungal cell membrane, which is consistent with the biocide’s properties. Furthermore, testing showed that the biocide-enhanced coatings exhibited superior resistance to UV rays and rain, indicating improved structural durability. This research establishes Dehacide 267 as an effective antifungal smart material for specialized vehicle coatings
Comparison Naïve Bayes and SVM to Classify Drought-Infected Rice Plants Based on Morphological Characteristics in Supporting National Food Security
Full text linkData mining is part of the Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) process. The use of data mining serves to classify, predict, and extract other useful information from large data sets. This study aimed to classify rice plants under treatment (drought stress and control) using data mining, focusing on the analysis of the variables of Leaf Area (LA), Root Length (RL), and Shoot Length (SL). Each classification algorithm has different characteristics, resulting in varied performance results. After testing both classification algorithms, the accuracy results were 71.70% for Naïve Bayes and 73.85% for SVM. This shows that the SVM algorithm performs better than Naïve Bayes algorithms to determine best treatment of rice to support national food security further. Furthermore, It also can be concluded that using a machine learning approach can solve problems in the classification of rice plants affected by drought threats is fairly effective with the maximum score obtained is only 73.85%
Defense Logistics Management in Border Areas
No full textThis article thoroughly investigates the optimization of defense logistics management within national border areas, with a distinct focus on integrating a "soft power" approach. Border regions are inherently complex, characterized by extreme geographical conditions, challenging accessibility, and intricate socio-cultural dynamics, all of which demand the implementation of highly adaptive, efficient, and strategically nuanced logistics systems. Beyond its traditional function of facilitating the movement of goods and operational support, defense logistics is presented as a crucial mechanism for cultivating trust, actively supporting community well-being, and significantly enhancing regional stability. This qualitative research, conducted through an extensive literature review and descriptive-analytical analysis, meticulously analyzes various facets of logistics support systems—ranging from planning and procurement to efficient storage and diverse transportation methods—and examines various logistics distribution models, emphasizing the indispensable role of active local community involvement and robust cross-sectoral collaboration. The key findings unequivocally demonstrate that effective and strategically applied defense logistics is not merely foundational for robust military operations but also functions as a powerful catalyst for fostering positive civil-military relations, ultimately contributing to sustainable development, enhanced security, and enduring stability in these critical border regions
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL INCOME AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT: A DEFENSE ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE
Full text linkIncome inequality can hinder the relationship between national income and community empowerment. High inequality allows the rich to become richer while the poor struggle to escape poverty. This disparity limits access to public services, employment, and education, thereby obstructing empowerment. This study analyzes the relationship between national income and community empowerment from a defense economics perspective. It provides policy references for optimizing national income allocation to strengthen economic resilience as a non-military defense component. A quantitative correlational design was employed using Indonesia’s time series data (2013–2022), with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the independent variable and the Human Development Index (HDI) as the dependent variable. Results indicate a significant positive correlation (r = 0.982, p 0.05). However, while GDP more than doubled from 9,084 trillion rupiah (2013) to 19,588 trillion rupiah (2022), HDI increased only moderately from 68.31 to 72.91, suggesting diminishing returns. The study concludes that although national income positively influences empowerment, equitable distribution and broader economic access are essential to ensure welfare improvements. From a defense economics perspective, community empowerment should be reoriented as a strategic component of national economic resilience, integral to a comprehensive non-military defense system
The Effect of Electric Current in Hard Chrome Plating Process on the Corrosion Rate of SS400 Low Carbon Steel Plate for Warships
Full text linkHard chrome plating is a technique used to protect metal from the effects of corrosion caused by the surrounding environment. The basic principle of the hard chrome plating process on metal is the reduction of chrome ions, resulting in chrome deposition on the cathode, following the principle of electrolysis. Electric current is one factor determining the quality of electroplating results. The immersion test is a correction factor for electroplating results to obtain corrosion rate values. This research used an experimental method involving one independent variable: electric current with current variations of 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, and 1 sample without chrome coating. In contrast, the dependent variable observed was the corrosion rate resulting from hard chrome plating. And without hard chrome plating. The controlled variable in this study was the length of soaking time for 7 days. The corrosive solution used is sodium chloride (NaCl), with a concentration of 3.5%. The research results show that the electric current resulting from hard chrome plating on SS400 steel significantly affects the results of the immersion test or corrosion rate test