Law Enforcement Review / Правоприменение
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Правовой статус невзаимозаменяемых токенов (NFT): современное состояние и перспективы правового регулирования
Get PDFThe subject. The paper considers the legal status of non-fungible tokens – a technology that allows to secure and confirm the possession of a certificate that refers to a specific digital object, based on a distributed ledger (blockchain).The purpose of the article is to research the current state of the legal status of NFTs in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the applicability of the current Russian legislation to NFTs.The research methodology is based on the application of methods of systemic and structural analysis, formal logic, as well as methods of legal forecasting and interpretation of legal norms.The results. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on this issue in legal science. The value of NFT is substantiated through the categories of "rivalrousness" and "scarcity". The process of creating NFT - "mint", that is, the tokenization of a digital object, is described. The legal status of NFT is investigated, as a result of which it is concluded that the token is not equivalent to a digital object, but rather acts as a custodian of information about this object.Taking into account, firstly, the independent nature of the NFT, which is not only a digital copy of the original work, secondly, the vast scope of utilitarian application and, thirdly, its independent commercial value, it is indicated that in the perspective of the development of legislation and judicial practice, NFT should be regarded as an independent digital asset, the rights to which are subject to legal protection.Conclusions. At present, Russian legislation does not contain a legal structure suitable for NFTs. The problems of using NFT are highlighted, including the "tokenization" of other people's works, interference in the operation of trading platforms using technical vulnerabilities, as well as fraud. Since NFT can confirm not only the right of ownership, but also represent any subjective right, it is assumed that this technology can be used to maintain decentralized blockchain registries of real estate, shares, members of the society, vote in elections, as well as to verify identity, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of personal data.Рассматривается явление невзаимозаменяемых токенов (NFT). Отмечается отсутствие в юридической науке комплексных исследований, посвященных данному вопросу.Обосновывается ценность NFT через категории «соперничество» и «дефицитность». Описывается процесс создания NFT – «минт», т. е. токенизации цифрового объекта. Исследуется правовой статус NFT, делается вывод о том, что токен не равнозначен цифровому объекту, а скорее выступает в качестве хранителя информации о данном объекте. Учитывая, во-первых, самостоятельный характер NFT, не являющегося лишь цифровой копией первоначального произведения, во-вторых, обширную сферу утилитарного применения и, в-третьих, самостоятельную коммерческую ценность, указывается, что в перспективе развития законодательства и судебной практики NFT должен расцениваться как самостоятельный цифровой актив, права на который подлежат правовой защите, российское же законодательство в настоящее время не содержит подходящей под NFT правовой конструкции. Выделяются проблемы использования NFT, среди которых «токенизация» чужих произведений, вмешательство в работу торговых площадок с помощью технических уязвимостей, а также мошенничество. Поскольку NFT может подтверждать не только право владения, но и репрезентовать любое субъективное право, предполагается, что данная технология может использоваться для ведения децентрализованных блокчейн реестров недвижимости, акций, участников общества, голосования на выборах, а также для удостоверения личности, одновременно обеспечивая защиту персональных данных.
Идея социального государства в аспекте государственно-правового монизма и плюрализма
Get PDFThe problem of implementing the idea of a social state is considered from the point of view of state-legal monism and pluralism at the level of humanity, that is the possibility of the emergence of a universally recognized model of such a state or the inevitability of the coexistence of various such models due to national, economic, cultural factors operating in specific countries.Attention is drawn to the fact that such a problem is also relevant in relation to the ideas of a democratic and rule-of-law state. In general, the coincidence of formal characteristics of states reflected in modern constitutions is accompanied by statements about the absence of unified concepts of democracy and human rights. To an even greater extent, this is characteristic of the search for a solution to the so-called social issue. The theses underlying the concept of the welfare state by L. von Stein are presented. In particular, it is indicated that, in his opinion, the simple development of the social security system of the poor class is not enough to solve the “social issue”. The further development of the idea of a social state is shown, discussions are touched upon regarding the understanding of its essence and the problems that were revealed during the social reforms carried out by socio-democratic and liberal forces in capitalist states at the end of the 19th and 20th century.The main approaches to the constitutionalization of the social state are revealed (the “simple” proclamation of “social” statehood in the constitution; the clear formation of the goals and objectives of such a state; the absence of an indication of the social nature of the state). The classifications of the welfare state carried out by G. Esping-Andersen, as well as modern researchers of Russia and neighboring countries are analyzed. It is established that the very existence of a “social issue” and the importance of one or another of its solutions are gradually becoming generally recognized. Despite this, the fixation of the social character of the state has not yet received the same universal distribution as, for example, theses about the democratic and legal nature of the state. Both the implementation of the idea of a welfare state where it is legally recognized, and its declared “projects” are very diverse, while the typology of the welfare state is subject to further study. The social model, the framework of which determines the position of the state in relation to society, is, on the one hand, the result of the evolution of a complex of factors specific to each country, and on the other, the result of a conscious choice. Different models of the welfare state are characterized by different degrees of realization of the interests of different social classes, a different relationship between the beginnings of society and the state. Accordingly, these models are “attractive” to representatives of the haves and have-nots to varying degrees, they compete with each other at the international level. It is concluded that the idea of a social state can be reduced to a certain unity, whereas the ways of its implementation are inevitably multiple.Рассматривается проблема воплощения в жизнь идеи социального государства с точки зрения государственно-правового монизма и плюрализма на уровне человечества, т. е. возможности возникновения общепризнанной модели такого государства или же неизбежности сосуществования различных таких моделей, обусловленных национальными, экономическими, культурными факторами, действующими в конкретных странах.Приведены тезисы, положенные в основу концепции социального государства Л. фон Штейном, показано дальнейшее ее развитие. Выявлены основные подходы к конституциализации и типологии социального государства. Сделан вывод, что идея социального государства может быть сведена к определенному единству, тогда как способы ее реализации неизбежно множественны
Источники международного семейного права: a posse ad esse non valet consequentia
Get PDFThe sources of international family law are not accurately defined in Russian legislation and legal doctrine, and are often misinterpreted in practice as well. The subject of this study, therefore, is the legal form of private international law norms, to determine the set of sources to be used to resolve cross-border family disputes in Russia. The research methodology adopted by the author includes the logical methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as formal, legal and comparative private scientific methods. A logical result of insufficient attention to the sources of private international law is the persisting ambiguity in their composition, which has manifested into the analysis of the sources of international family law.The author concludes that the broad understanding of private international law sources proposed by legal doctrines and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation does not find full confirmation in resolving cross-border family disputes in practice. Outdated regulation does not allow international treaties to maintain precedence in the system of sources. Despite the Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the procedure for its application, the use of international treaties has not become wide-spread in resolving cross-border family disputes by Russian courts.The inconsistency of Russian legislation with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law has sparked academic discussion regarding their regulatory impact. This, however, did not prevent the highest court from referring to them as the sources of private international law for the Russian Federation. This study demonstrates the lack of convincing evidence for their use as a source of international family law.Acts of international organizations, when provided in the form of an international treaty or regulation, can serve as a basis for resolving cross-border family disputes. Acts that do not have a similar expression are not sources, but can influence the legislator due to their rec-ommendatory nature.The domestic legislation of the Russian Federation comprises a large number of Acts con-taining the norms of international family law. While agreeing with the idea of its codification as a whole, the author opines that it requires not only a thorough analysis of de lege lata, but also a balanced approach to de lege ferenda.Customs recognized in the Russian Federation have the potential value of a source of international family law. However, at the same time, their use in resolving cross-border family disputes is not supported by empirical data.Foreign law, including foreign customs, is the set of rules that can be applied in resolving disputes, subject to regulatory permission. They should be distinguished from the sources of law of the national legal system. Therefore, it is incorrect to consider them as sources of private international law of the Russian Federation.Определение состава источников международного семейного права недостаточно устоялось в российском законодательстве и юридической доктрине, нередко ошибочно трактуется в правоприменении. Предметом настоящего исследования выступают юридические формы выражения норм международного частного права с целью определения состава источников, призванных служить основой разрешения трансграничных семейных споров. Методология исследования представлена логическими приемами анализа и синтеза, а также частно-научными методами – формально-юридическим, сравнительного правоведения.Делается вывод, что расширительный подход к источникам международного семейного права, предложенный доктриной и Верховным Судом РФ, не находит полного подтверждения в практике разрешения российскими судами семейных споров, осложненных иностранным элементом
Презумпция невиновности как конституционный феномен
Get PDFReport. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that constantly attracts the attention of researchers. It is considered in legal science from the point of view of its origin, legal formalization, content and meaning. The interest in this problem is caused, on the one hand, by the multidimensional nature of this presumption, and, on the other, by its practical significance not only for society and the state, but, first of all, for a specific individual. The presumption of innocence is usually considered by specialists in the field of criminal law and criminal procedure, since, in their opinion, it belongs to the criminal sphere, the sphere of judicial proceedings, evidence. Meanwhile, such a view of the problem, it seems, limits the true essence of the phenomenon and reduces its significance.The purpose of this study is to substantiate the constitutional nature of the principle of the presumption of innocence.Research methodology. In this work, general scientific and private scientific research methods were used, such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and the case method.The results of the conducted research. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. The constitutional nature of this phenomenon is inherent in its nature, sources, content, meaning. Conclusions. The presumption of innocence is a constitutional principle. Considering it exclusively through the prism of criminal law and criminal procedure, as an element of judicial proceedings related to the theory of evidence and the adversarial nature of the parties, greatly limits its role and significance, leads to too narrow an understanding of its content. The presumption of innocence is a legal phenomenon that affects various social relations, including those related to the electoral process, to administrative proceedings, to tax relations, etc. As a constitutional principle, the presumption of innocence interacts with other constitutional principles: the principle of the rule of law, the social state, the democratic state, freedom, equality, justice, legality, etc. The presumption of innocence expresses the balance of the public and private interests of a state-organized society. The existence of this one of the most important constitutional phenomenon shows the value of the individual in the legal system.Презумпция невиновности – конституционный принцип, привлекающий постоянное внимание исследователей. Будучи выраженной в правовых источниках, имеющих значение конституционных актов, она является элементом механизма защиты основных прав и свобод личности. Действие презумпции невиновности не ограничивается сферой уголовного права и процесса. Она взаимодействует с иными конституционными принципами, функционируя в их системе. Определяя взаимоотношения между публичным и частным интересом, презумпция невиновности обеспечивает, в первую очередь, права личности. Данное явление имеет значение конституционного феномена, требуя уважения к индивиду со стороны общества и государства в различных сферах общественных отношений
Влияние цифровой трансформации на конституционно-правовые основы Российской Федерации
Get PDFThe subject. The impact of digital transformation on the foundations of the constitutional system, namely the possibility of its influence on their form, content and implementation system, has been studied in this article. The authors put forward a hypothesis about the formation of the principle of the digital state, which underlies the interaction of society and the state in the conditions of building a digital economy in Russia. Active implementation of this principle was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the factors that can give an obvious and non-obvious impetus to the transformation of the constitutional identity of the foundations of the constitutional system are identified.The main functions of the constitutional principles are to preserve the stability of the foundations of the constitutional system and constitutional identity. We believe that modern legal science needs to comprehend the formation of new principles of interaction between society and public authorities, under the influence of digital technologies.Выдвинута гипотеза о влиянии цифровой трансформации на конституционно-правовые основы государства. Проведен анализ возможного изменения их формы, содержания и системы реализации
История становления и развития института дипломатических иммунитетов и привилегий в США
Get PDFThe subject of study. Throughout the historical period of the development of diplomatic law, an institution of immunities and privileges was formed, the content and scope of which were determined by the level of diplomatic relations between states and the development of public administration.The rules of national law also have a significant impact on the procedure for exercising dip- lomatic immunities and privileges. Many states have adopted legal acts regulating the foun- dations of the diplomatic service. For example, in the United States, after joining the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, the Law on Diplomatic Relations of 1978 was adopted, based on the rules of this Convention.The article examines the history and development of diplomatic immunities and privileges, the formation of the US diplomatic service and the content of current national laws in the US. The purpose of the study is the identification of problems in the practice of implementing diplomatic immunities and substantiate the hypothesis that it is necessary to develop the legislation on diplomatic immunities and the diplomatic service in the United States.The methodology of the study. The methodology of the study includes general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, description, systematization) and special scientific methods (formal legal and comparative legal methods). In addition to this, historical method was also applicable.The main results. Based on the results of the study, were disclosed significant discrepancies between the national legal regulation of the US diplomatic service and the rules of interna- tional law, which leads to massive violations of diplomatic immunities and privileges by the US authorities.Conclusions. Diplomatic immunity is a guarantor of the effective operation of foreign rela- tions bodies on the territory of the host state, however, in practice, there are often cases of their violation by the authorities of the host state and cases of abuse of diplomatic im- munities and privileges by their carriers. The granting of a special legal status, personal in- violability and other privileges and immunities is in no way equated to absolute impunity for employees of foreign relations bodies in case they commit illegal acts.Исследуются история становления и развития института дипломатических иммунитетов и привилегий, становление дипломатической службы США и проводится анализ нормативно-правовой базы США, применимой к дипломатической службе. Цель исследования – выявление пробелов и коллизий в праве США и обоснование гипотезы о необходимости приведения законодательства США в указанной области в соответствие с нормами международных договоров по дипломатическому и консульскому праву, участниками которых являются США. Выявлены существенные расхождения национально-правовой регламентации дипломатической службы США с нормами международного права, что приводит к массовым нарушениям дипломатических иммунитетов и привилегий со стороны властей США. Сделаны выводы о том, что дипломатический иммунитет является гарантом эффективной деятельности органов внешних сношений на территории государства пребывания, однако на практике часто наблюдаются случаи их нарушения со стороны властей государства пребывания и случаи злоупотребления дипломатическими иммунитетами и привилегиями со стороны их носителей. Наделение особым правовым статусом, личной неприкосновенностью и прочими привилегиями и иммунитетами ни в коем случае не приравнивается к абсолютной безнаказанности сотрудников органов внешних сношений в случае совершения ими противоправных деяний.
Юридическая аномия в правовой системе: теоретико-методологические основы исследования
Get PDFA comprehensive general theoretical analysis of legal anomie in the legal system of modern Russian society is carried out. It is said that the theory of state and law currently lacks even the foundations of a holistic concept of legal anomie, but it is precisely this that acts as one of the causes of corruption, terrorism, extremism, legal irresponsibility, a high level of delinquency, massive non-compliance with prohibitions, distancing a significant number of citizens from state power and its rejection. The authors note that anomie to one degree or another always exists. At the same time, the state of social anomie inevitably increases when significant changes occur that affect the social structure and norms. Anomie is an interdisciplinary category that requires appropriate approaches to itself. Social anomie is based on the general interdisciplinary concept of "social deviations", which is studied by a variety of sciences: philosophy, sociology, psychology and many others. A brief description of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of social deviations, social anomie and its specific variety - legal anomie is given. For the most complete analysis of legal anomie, it is proposed to use not only systemic (within the category "legal system"), but also comprehensive (within the category "social and legal life") approaches, as well as a number of other methods (in particular, historical, structural and functional and statistical). Legal anomie manifests itself in the form of a decline in the value of law and order, a discrepancy between the goals of society and the means to achieve them offered by the state, the lack of trust between society and public authorities, sustainable legal nihilism. And if in sociology (and some other sciences) there are different directions and concepts for understanding anomie, then in the theory of state and law, a system of scientific knowledge about legal anomie has not yet been formed. Legal anomie in the legal system should be considered comprehensively, in development and comparison, revealing the contradictions and mutual conditionality of its various characteristics, possible pairing, as well as the positive and negative aspects of the existing contradictions between legal anomie and individual elements of the legal system of society. Due to the fact that legal anomie in modern society (following the social and legal life) develops and becomes more complicated, it is concluded that it is necessary to further study it, which will provide: firstly, its more complete knowledge and prediction of consequences, and secondly, the development of effective preventive measures, and, thirdly, the strengthening of counteraction to it.Проводится комплексный общетеоретический анализ юридической аномии в правовой системе современного российского общества. Дается краткая характеристика теоретико-методологических основ исследования социальных отклонений, социальной аномии и ее специфической разновидности – аномии юридической. Для наиболее полного анализа юридической аномии предлагается использовать не только системный (в рамках категории «правовая система»), но и комплексный (в рамках категории «социально-правовая жизнь») подходы, а также ряд иных методов (в частности, исторический, структурно-функциональный, статистический и др.). Делается вывод о необходимости исследования аномии, что обеспечит: во-первых, ее более полное познание и прогнозирование последствий, во-вторых, выработку действенных профилактических мер и, в-третьих, усиление противодействия ей
Профсоюзы России в системе социального партнерства: правовое регулирование, проблемы и перспективы развития
Get PDFThe subject. Proclaiming the ideas of partnership and solidarity, the state designates a completely new development focused on socio-economic relations in Russia, involving new principles of interaction between society, business and the state. The revision of the status of subjects of social partnership will be aimed at further development of the system of guarantees of human and civil rights and freedoms. Purpose of the study. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the trade union as a subject of social partnership based on the study, analysis and generalization of the scientific base, current legislation and practice of its application. Effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of employees is possible only if there is an effective mechanism of implementation of trade union control over their compliance. Therefore, it seems that in the near future the share of public control over compliance with labor legislation and labor protection should increase. Methodology. In the process of achieving the goal and solving the tasks set, the general scientific dialectical methods of cognition, as well as logical, historical, comparative legal and formal legal methods were used. Structural and systemic methods are also the basis of the study. The conclusions of the work are based on dialectical unity and the struggle of opposites. The main results. In the process of scientific research, it can be concluded that a society should be able to exercise public control over the observance of human rights in this society. During the reforms, trade unions lost the right to legislative initiative at the federal level, the rights to state supervision of compliance with labor legislation and the state of labor protection, and consideration of individual labor disputes. At the same time, trade unions have re-ceived a number of new rights, for example, to participate in the resolution of collective labor disputes, in collective bargaining, to conclude social partnership agreements, etc.Despite the declared principle of independence of trade unions from the state, as a result, it is impossible to create and legalize the legal status of the trade union movement without a state regulator. Therefore, the independence of any legal entity is, in principle, relative. Nevertheless, associations of employees are provided with a sufficient amount of corporate independence, which actually ensures their national and individual characteristics. Conclusions. Trade unions are an important element of civil society. Without increasing their role, it is impossible to achieve harmony in social and labor relations. In this regard, the question of the new status of trade unions in Russia should be raised. This conclusion is justified by the fact that free and independent trade unions are the guarantors of social justice and security. Consequently, the use of the market mechanism by the population depends on whether it is possible to regulate the labor market within the framework of law and policy. Moreover, the labor market improves the status of employees in relation to employers only with strong trade unions.Социально-трудовые отношения невозможно представить без развитого социального партнерства. В связи с этим должен подниматься вопрос о новом статусе профессиональных союзов в России. Обосновывается данный вывод тем, что свободные и независимые профсоюзы являются гарантами социальной справедливости и безопасности. Следовательно, использование рыночного механизма населением зависит от того, удается ли регулировать рынок труда в рамках закона и политики. Более того, рынок труда заметно улучшает статус наемных работников по отношению к работодателям только при сильных профсоюзах. Процесс радикальной переориентации общественной жизни в стране затронул практически все сферы экономики. Научно-технический прогресс требует от работодателей нововведений в средствах производства, технологиях, организации труда. В этой связи государство должно способствовать дальнейшей гармонизации социально-трудовых отношений путем эффективной защиты трудовых прав работников
Принципы градостроительного зонирования в судебной практике
Get PDFThe present article deals with the study of the principles of legal zoning through their disclosure in judicial practice. The topic is underdeveloped. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of judicial practice in the legal regulation of urban zoning, as well as the impact on law enforcement and lawmaking activities in this area. The authors propose to use a classification of principles of legal zoning by level of their action (general legal principles, principles of sectoral legislation and special principles) and revealing their content through the analysis of judicial practice materials. In addition to general scientific methods, the comparative legal, formal legal and interpretation methods made it possible to achieve better results. The analysis was conducted with respect to judicial acts adopted by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as judicial acts of courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts of cassation and appeal instances. More than 150 judicial acts in several catego-ries were examined in total:– Challenging general plan and land use rules as a legal act;– Challenging the refusal to grant permission for permitted use or challenging the granted permission for permitted use;– Challenging the refusal to grant permission to deviate from the maximum parameters of permitted construction, reconstruction of the object of construction or challenging the permission to deviate from the maximum parameters of permitted construction.According to the results of the study it is possible to identify several ways of working with the principles of legal zoning:– direct quotation and application, if it is a principle of sectoral legislation, which is enshrined, for example, in the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation;– disclosure of content without precise formulation, for example, the principle of protection of previously arisen rights of right holders of land plots when changing legal zoning, which is not directly mentioned in judicial acts, but is disclosed through references to current legislation;– the formation of new principles not enshrined in the current legal acts, such as the principle of primacy of the master plan or the principle of belonging of a land plot only to one territorial zone. Approaches and legal provisions, broadcasted by judicial practice, are reflected in the law enforcement and law-making activities of local self-government bodies. The authors draw attention to the fact that local self-governing bodies assess and take into account the emerging judicial practice in different ways. This fact is confirmed by the current editions of the rules of land use and development in different Russian cities.Раскрываются принципы градостроительного зонирования через анализ материалов судебной практики. По мнению авторов, именно судебная практика выступает сегодня значимой методологической базой в указанной сфере. Классификация принципов дана по основанию уровня их действия (общеправовые принципы, принципы отраслевого законодательства, специальные принципы), а их содержание раскрыто по результатам исследования судебных актов различных инстанций. Подтверждена гипотеза о значительном влиянии судебной практики на правоприменительную и правотворческую деятельность органов местного самоуправления, что подтверждается теми политиками и решениями, которые транслируются в настоящее время в правилах землепользования и застройки разных городов Российской Федерации
Становление и развитие высших органов государственной власти Донецкой Народной Республики и Луганской Народной Республики от самопровозглашения до принятия в Российскую Федерацию
Get PDFThe subject of this study is a scientific understanding of the formation and development of the supreme state authorities of the People's Republics of Donbass (DPR, LPR) as unrecognized states from the time of their self-declaration in 2014 to their admission to the Russian Federation in 2022.The purpose of the study is to identify the main features, stages of formation and development of institutions of supreme state power (the head of state, parliament, government and courts) in the republics of Donbass in the period from 2014 to 2022.The methodological basis of the research was a wide range of general and special methods of scientific cognition. Dialectical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used as general scientific methods. Comparative-legal, system-structural and formal-legal methods were used as special methods. General scientific methods, especially dialectical ones, allowed us to study the factors and the process of evolution of the constitutional status of the supreme state authorities of the DPR and LPR in the conditions of military confrontation with the mother state and political rapprochement with Russia. Using the comparative legal method, a comparative analysis of the status of the highest state authorities of the DPR, LPR and the Russian Federation was carried out. The system-structural method was used in the study of intra-system changes in the constitutional status of the studied authorities. With the help of the formal legal method, a study of normative legal sources was conducted, which made it possible to form the logic of the presentation of the material and the conceptual apparatus of the declared topic.The procedure for the formation and activities of the state authorities of the DPR and LPR are regulated by an array of legal acts, the norms of which reflect both the identity of the power institutions of the republics of Donbass and the tendency to the reception of constitutional and legal institutions existing in Russia. This allows us to state with confidence the presence of a number of features in the process of evolution of the highest state authorities of the republics of Donbass, which reflect the focus on integration with a more developed state system of Russia, the formation in a short historical time, the proximity of the mechanism of organization and content of the competence of the highest state authorities of the two republics, caused, including their formation in the conditions of the special the legal regime of martial law.The results of the study can be useful at the present stage of integration of new subjects of the Russian Federation into the legal system of the Russian Federation and into the system of its state authorities.The conclusion is reasoned that the transformation of the institutions of the supreme power of the republics of Donbass has passed two stages and is currently in the third. The first stage is characterized by the formation of its own republican system of supreme state authorities (2014-2018). The second stage is characterized by further improvement and transformation of the status of the supreme state authorities of the republics against the background of increased Russian legal influence (November 2018-2022). The third stage is explained by the adoption of the DPR and the LPR into our state in September 2022 and the beginning of systematic work to change legislation regarding the creation of higher state authorities of new subjects of Russia.Исследовано становление и развитие высших органов государственной власти народных республик Донбасса (ДНР, ЛНР) как непризнанных государств со времени их самопровозглашения до принятия в состав Российской Федерации. Раскрыты основные аспекты организации и деятельности высших органов государственной власти ДНР и ЛНР. Проведен сравнительный анализ отдельных элементов конституционно-правового статуса главы государства, парламента, правительства и судебной системы в Российской Федерации и республиках Донбасса. Выявлены и охарактеризованы этапы и специфические черты формирования высших органов государственной власти ДНР и ЛНР в указанный период: формирование в сжатые исторические сроки в условиях военного конфликта; практически тождественные системы высших органов государственной власти ДНР и ЛНР; ключевая роль и обширный круг полномочий глав республик во внутренних и внешних делах; преимущественная ориентация на российский опыт государственного строительства