Law Enforcement Review / Правоприменение
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Правовые проблемы трансформации отходов в продукцию (на примере фосфогипса)
Get PDFThe subject. One of the problems of contemporary states is waste and the search for opportunities for transformation into products. In this aspect, phosphogypsum, which is a waste product of mineral fertilizers, is interesting. It is subject to recycling in a small amount now.he purpose of the article is to identify legal possibilities for regulating relations related to industrial waste in terms of their secondary use.The main results, scope of application. Phosphogypsum can be used for the construction of highways, dams; the production of fertilizers and salts; the production of construction products using non-recycled phosphogypsum; agriculture; in the production of gypsum binders and products made from them; in the cement industry; as a filler in various industries. With the technological possibility of recycling such waste as phosphogypsum, there is no legal possibility of their use. The absence of the necessary legal regulation of relations in the field of waste disposal, clear legally fixed criteria for classifying waste as secondary material resources and the possibility of their use, may entail certain negative consequences for economic entities.Conclusions. The process of waste transformation into products from a legal point of view should consist of the following stages: waste disposal (both with and without pretreatment); the process of waste transformation into products directly (with a license for waste of hazard classes I – IV, compliance with licensing requirements, conclusion of the state environmental expertise on processing and disposal technologies, equipment used in this process, etc.). The following stage is legally correct and documented recognition of waste that is secondary material resources. The last stage is exclusion of said waste that is secondary material resources from approved waste generation standards and limits on their placement, as well as reflection of their movement in the journal of waste generation and movement.Одной из проблем современных государств являются отходы производства, в связи с чем приобретет важность поиск возможностей по их переработке и превращению в продукцию. В этом аспекте интересен фосфогипс, являющийся отходом производства минеральных удобрений. На сегодняшний день он в незначительном объеме подлежит вторичной переработке. Целью статьи является выявление правовых возможностей для регулирования отношений, связанных с отходами производства в части их вторичного использования. В статье сделаны выводы о том, что процесс трансформации отходов в продукцию с юридической точки зрения должен состоять из следующих стадий: утилизация отходов (как с предварительной обработкой, так и без нее); непосредственно процесс превращения отходов в продукцию (с наличием лицензии для отходов I–IV классов опасности, соблюдением лицензионных требований, положительным заключением государственной экологической экспертизы на технологии обработки и утилизации, технику, применяемую в данном процессе, и т. п.); юридически корректное и документально оформленное признание отходов, являющихся вторичными материальными ресурсами; исключение указанных отходов, являющихся вторичными материальными ресурсами, из утверждаемых или утвержденных нормативов образования отходов и лимитов на их размещение, а также отражение их движения в журнале учета образования и движения отходов
Правоотношение и нравственность: современное осмысление и новые подходы
Get PDFThe subject of the article is the views of prof. P.P. Serkov and other domestic legal scientists on the problems of legal relations and its moral component from the standpoint of a lawyerresearcher. The article considers theoretical and methodological aspects of the doctrine of legal relationships, the content, patterns of the emergence and development of elements of the mechanism of legal relationships, the problems of classification of legal relationships, debatable issues of general regulatory legal relationships. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of approaches and theoretical provisions related to understanding the complex type of complex legal relationship.The purpose of the study is to confirm the scientific hypothesis of P.P. Serkov about the mechanism of legal relationship from the point of view of its relation with issues of morality, social aspects of subjective and social life, as well as to formulate conceptual ideas and specific proposals for improving the mechanism of complex legal relationship and its part, the mechanism of corporate and ethical legal relationship in the sphere of advocacy.Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method, which made it possible to consider the judgments of scientists in development with existing contradictions and relations with new phenomena in law enforcement. The article also uses methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, modeling and extrapolation, formal legal and comparative legal method.The main results, scope of the application. The scientific and practical validity of the doctrine of the legal relationship mechanism created by P.P. Serkov is shown in the article. The presence of a moral component in each act of legal regulation, as well as the significance of the scholar's ideas and hypotheses in expanding the possibilities of general theoretical and sectoral research in this area and creating conditions for improving law-making and law enforcement practice are brought into light.Conclusions. The direction of development of the mechanism of complex legal relationship has been substantiated and specific proposals have been formulated to improve its part the mechanism of corporate and ethical legal relationship in the field of the legal profession.Предпринимается попытка поиска направлений развития концепции механизма правоотношения и его нравственного компонента на основе анализа взглядов П.П. Серкова, изложенных в монографиях «Правоотношение (Теория и практика современного правового регулирования)» (М.: Норма, 2018) и «Правоотношение (Нравственность современного правового регулирования)» (М.: Норма, 2020), с учетом иных суждений отечественных ученых. Формулируются концептуальные идеи и конкретные предложения по совершенствованию механизма комплексного правоотношения и его части – механизма корпоративного профессионально-этического правоотношения в сфере адвокатской деятельности и адвокатуры
Правовые проблемы применения психиатрических мер принудительного характера в России и Республике Беларусь
Get PDFThe subject of the research is the problems of legislative regulation of compulsory psychiatric measures in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that there are defects in legislative regulation that prevent the effective use of compulsory psychiatric treatment. They are not eliminated in the Criminal Codes of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Research methodology. On the basis of a system-integrated approach on an interdisciplinary basis, a scientific analysis of special legal and forensic psychiatric scientific literature and interpretation of the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation were carried out.Main results. An analysis of the Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation showed that compulsory psychiatric treatment is an independent institution of criminal law, which is regulated in sufficient detail in the national criminal legislation. The article includes a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the criminal legislation of both states (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate psychiatric coercive measures applied to persons with mental disorders who have committed illegal acts. Based on the results of the study, a number of problems were identified in the legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal codes of both states, the authors propose directions for further improvement of the current criminal legislation.Conclusions. The Criminal Codes of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation contain only general criteria for choosing the type of psychiatric measures of a coercive nature, in the most general form, the procedure for their change and termination is provided, they need editorial clarification of their purpose. There is no legislative definition of the concepts of “coercive security measures and treatment” (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and “compulsory measures of a medical nature” (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), etc., which causes serious difficulties in law enforcement practice and indicates the need to continue work to improve the current criminal legislation.The terminology used “coercive and security measures and treatment” (Chapter 14 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus) and “coercive measures of a medical nature” (Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) does not reflect the specifics of these measures, which in their essence and content are exclusively psychiatric measures. The identified problems of legislative regulation of psychiatric compulsory measures in the criminal legislation of both states require their further resolution, and based on the interdisciplinary medico-legal nature of the problems involved, with the obligatory involvement of forensic psychiatrists in their solution. Исследуется институт психиатрических мер принудительного характера и его законодательная регламентация в законодательстве Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации. Анализируется специфика белорусского и российского уголовного законодательства. Высказаны предложения о необходимости совершенствования законодательной регламентации психиатрических мер принудительного характера в уголовных кодексах Республики Беларусь и Российской Федерации
Международный арбитраж ad hoc – ключ к улучшению российско-японских отношений
Get PDFThe subject. The article discusses the international legal positions of Russia and Japan that prevent the conclusion of a peace treaty between them and impede a radical improvement in relations, which is perceived as an urgent need for both sides.The purpose of the article is to show the fundamental differences in the official positions of the governments of Russia and Japan and suggest a fundamentally new diplomatic and legal solution to the long-standing territorial dispute among the states, which will result in finally breaking the deadlock.Methodology. The research is based on the methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation. Materials include national and international laws and scholarly articles, books relating to Russian-Japanese relations, as well as its international legal aspects.The main results, scope of application. The authors note that the end of the Cold War transformed Europe. Since that time there have been a reformatting of military alliances, the unification of Germany, reconciliation of the nations warring since ancient times. All these are based on the recognition of the inviolability of the outcome of the Second World War and established territorial structure. In comparison with Europe, it had smaller consequences in Asia. All previous dividing lines and lines of conflicts are preserved. Nothing was done to reunite the divided nations. Reconciliation by and large also did not happen. One of the burning problems has remained the territorial claims of Japan to Russia on the four islands of the Southern Kuril and the unresolved long-standing dispute over affiliation of the islands. The international legal position of Russia is that the legal status of the islands was determined by the results of the Second World War. Japan proceeds from the premise that the Islands historically belonged to it and the actual sovereignty of Russia over them does not change the case. Since the international legal positions of the sides do not have any common ground, it is pointless to argue about them or try to change them.Conclusions. In this situation the only possible wise and fair solution is to bring the dispute beyond the framework of bilateral relations for quite a long time, which will need to be used for their radical improvement. In the article the authors explain in detail how it can be done. In particular, it is proposed to establish a special Russian-Japanese international court ad hoc. The study explains and justifies its possible mandate, the procedure of formation and the role of the agreement establishing such a Court in the conclusion of a peace treaty between the sides. It is shown how and under what circumstances the activities of the Court can be successful and bring the desired results.Разбираются международно-правовые позиции России и Японии, препятствующие заключению мирного договора между ними и, как следствие, существенному улучшению отношений, в котором заинтересованы обе стороны. Показывается, в чем заключается их принципиальное отличие. На основании проведенного исследования делается вывод, что в данной ситуации единственно возможное решение – вывести спор за рамки двусторонних отношений. Для этого, в частности, предлагается учредить специальный Российско-Японский международный арбитраж ad hoc. Разъясняется и обосновывается его возможный мандат, порядок формирования и роль соглашения о создании такого арбитража в заключении мирного договора между сторонами. Показывается, как и при каких обстоятельствах деятельность указанного арбитража может оказаться успешной и принести желаемые результаты
Дополнительные процедуры в кассационном и надзорном производстве цивилистического процесса
Get PDFThe subject of the research is the additional powers of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in relation to cassation and supervisory complaints.The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity or redundancy of certain additional powers of the Chairman of the Russian Supreme Court taking into account the nature of such powers and the conditions for their application.The methodology. Analysis and synthesis, dialectical method as well as formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts and judicial practice of Russian Supreme Court were used.The main results. Since the transformation of the three-tier supervisory proceedings into a system of two cassation and one supervisory instance, as well as the liquidation of the Supreme Arbitration Court, the powers of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation have spread to a fairly wide range of relations that allow influencing the movement of the case in the cassation and supervisory instance, and on itself initiation of a case in a supervisory instance. Moreover, such activities are far from always regulated by the norms of the law.The Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (or his deputy) currently has leverage over the possibility of considering a case in the cassation instance of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Judicial Collegium of the Supreme Court) and in the supervisory instance (Presidium of the Supreme Court). These possibilities are called control and substitute in the article. Control powers should include: 1) regulation of key deadlines in cassation and supervisory proceedings; 2) interference in the procedure for filtering complaints. The procedure and conditions for the use of these powers are not regulated in the procedural codes. Having such powers in relation to procedural terms, the President of the Supreme Court actually influences the very possibility of initiating a case in a court of cassation or supervisory instance, as well as the duration (and, accordingly, the quality) of the examination of the complaint. The intervention of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the procedure for filtering complaints has a clearly pronounced discretionary nature, moreover, it is selective. It would not be superfluous to point out that such as "order" in itself creates conditions for its abuse both by the participants in the case and by the courts. The substitute authority is the right of the Chairman of the Supreme Court to initiate supervisory proceedings on his own initiative, contrary to the basic rule of civil proceedings based on the principle of discretion (the case is initiated by the person whose rights have been violated). Supervisory proceedings are currently intended to appeal against judicial acts adopted by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation itself when considering cases in the first, appeal and cassation instances. However, among the objects of appeal there are also acts of the Judicial Collegium of the Supreme Court, applications to which are possible with complaints against acts of any lower courts, with some restrictions on the decisions of justices of the peace (Article 390.4 of the Civil Procedure Code; Article 291.1 of the Arbitration Procedure Court). In this regard, the supervisory authority must continue to be viewed as the final link in the system of reviewing judicial acts. However, the system for reviewing judicial acts is very contradictory. On the one hand, there are a number of strict rules that cut off certain types of judicial acts from appeal; filtering complaints in the second cassation and supervision; establishing special rules for the jurisdiction of complaints. On the other hand, it is possible not to comply with these strict rules and directly contact the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.This extraordinary power of the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation has been preserved, precisely because the Russian legislator firmly and consistently adheres to the conviction that it is necessary to leave at least one official who is not a party to the case the right to initiate an audit of a judicial act.Conclusions. The extraordinary powers of the Chairman of the Supreme Court are of an extra-procedural nature, at best they are based on the rules of record keeping (instead of the law), are selective and opaque.Анализируются некоторые особенности кассационного и надзорного производств в цивилистическом процессе, связанные с возможностью Председателя Верховного Суда РФ (или его заместителя) влиять на движение дела в кассационной (Судебной коллегии) и надзорной (Президиуме) инстанциях Верховного Суда РФ. Среди этих возможностей выделяются контрольные (принятие решения по сроку подачи жалобы; контроль за отказными определениями) и замещающее – возбуждение надзорного производства на основании собственного представления. Обосновываются приемлемость, при надлежащем правовом регулировании, контрольных полномочий и неприемлемость права Председателя ВС на возбуждение надзорного производства
Конституционное требование необходимости: постановка проблемы
Get PDFThe subject-matter of the research is the constitutional test of necessity. This element of proportionality could be found in doctrine and case-law in the form of metaphors. The necessity as a prong of proportionality consists in testing the available alternatives in comparison with the measures that the legislator has chosen to achieve public aims. The notion of a least restrictive means can be used as a synonym for this element of proportionality. Although this term is cumbersome, it more precisely defines the nature of constitutional litigation, where the admissibility of interference with fundamental rights is assessed.The purpose of the research is to argue that this element of proportionality implies the assessment of the least restrictive alternatives for the rights-holder in order to achieve the goal chosen by the legislator.The methodology of research includes the method of analogy. Accordingly, the analogical reasoning is used in constitutional adjudication when testing necessity of legislative measures, but not the methods of logical subsumtion or judicial balancing. The sources of such analogy can be the rules of international law, ordinary legislation and comparative legal materials.The main results of the research and the scope of their application. The expression necessity is widely used in international law and ordinary legislation. Such approaches are relevant to constitutional adjudication. Thus, the ultima ratio principle, which initially appears in criminal and administrative law, acquires universal application in constitutional justice. This criterion, which requires the use of the most severe legal measures only as a last resort, with the ineffectiveness of softer alternatives, can be extended to the constitutionalization of other branches of legislation.The test of necessity, which is often expressed in metaphors, in the case-law of constitutional justice is based on the method of analogy. In the decisions of the constitutional justice bodies, the least restrictive means are often mentioned in comparison with those which were originally chosen by the legislator. At the same time, the discovered alternatives should be equally or at least minimally suitable in comparison with the existing legislative solutions. Comparative law, international law, or ordinary legislation are often an auxiliary source for constitutional judges to identify and formulate least restrictive alternatives.Conclusions. The value of the analogical reasoning, including the appeal of constitutional justice to comparative law materials, lies in the possibility of identifying some experimental legal regimes. Moreover, the perception of specific alternatives, their clarification or modification remains within the discretionary powers of the legislature. Thus, avoiding the well-known counter-majoritarian difficulty, constitutional justice conducts a dialogue with the parliament, and in the end, contributes to the optimal implementation of fundamental rights.Рассматривается требование необходимости – этот элемент соразмерности в истории права известен давно в форме метафор. В таком образном выражении необходимость встречается в доктрине и судебной практике. Применение необходимости в конституционном правосудии отличается юридической методологией. Этот элемент соразмерности подразумевает оценку альтернатив, способных достичь выбранной законодателем цели при наименьшем обременении носителя конституционных прав. Соответственно, в конституционном судопроизводстве применяется метод аналогии, а не традиционный дедуктивный метод юридической квалификации или прием взвешивания интересов. Источниками аналогии могут служить нормы международного права, отраслевые институты и сравнительно-правовые материалы
Реализация юридической ответственности в правосознании и правовой культуре
Get PDFThe subject of the study of the article is the legal foundations of the institution of legal responsibility and the features of its interaction with legal consciousness and legal culture. The goal is to substantiate the need for effective legal regulation of legal liability, taking into account the existing forms of interaction with legal consciousness. The work carried out a comprehensive general theoretical analysis of the institution of legal responsibility and its role in the process of formation and development of the legal consciousness of citizens. The team of authors in the process of studying the place and role of legal liability in the legal system came to the conclusion that there is a relationship between the category under consideration and legal consciousness in the process of implementing legal acts that provide for measures of legal liability. The problem of a low level of legal culture can manifest itself not only in legislative and law enforcement activities. Shortcomings in the implementation of the official interpretation of legal norms and execution of the relevant act in some cases can also cause unlawful consequences, among which are: unlawful prosecution, exemption from liability in violation of established procedures, etc. In the course of the study, a whole set of methods of scientific knowledge was used, among which one can single out: the formal-legal method, the method of comparative legal analysis, systemic, dialectical and others. As a result of the research, it was found that there is a direct connection between the signs of positive responsibility and legal consciousness. In the absence of a high level of legal awareness, which would include both intellectual (views, ideas) and psychological (emotions, feelings) aspects, the implementation of the positive aspect of legal responsibility becomes impossible. It has been proven that positive responsibility, together with legal consciousness, contains volitional and intellectual aspects. The team of authors put forward an opinion according to which the positive responsibility of the individual can be represented as a mental attitude in the form of a sense of duty and the need to fulfill the existing duties to the required extent. Such a sense of duty will be available to the subject only in the absence of a struggle of motives, which is excluded in the developed general legal culture of the individual and society as a whole. Assimilation of the requirements of the law is a prerequisite for the presence of responsible behavior and legal awareness. Based on the results of the study of legal responsibility and legal culture, a conclusion is made about the close interaction of these categories and the need for the legislator to take into account such a connection when exercising his law-making powers. A brief description of positive legal liability with the establishment of its characteristic features is also given. Thanks to the study of the relationship between legal responsibility and legal consciousness, it was revealed that the level of culture will grow if the ideas of social justice, democracy and the rule of law are reflected in law.С целью обоснования необходимости эффективного правового регулирования юридической ответственности с учетом имеющихся форм взаимодействия с правосознанием исследуются правовые основы института юридической ответственности и особенности его взаимодействия с правосознанием и правовой культурой. Проводится комплексный общетеоретический анализ института юридической ответственности и его роли в процессе формирования и развития правосознания граждан. В ходе исследования применялись такие методы научного познания, как формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой, системный, диалектический и иные. По результатам исследования юридической ответственности и правовой культуры делается вывод о тесном взаимодействии этих категорий и необходимости для законодателя учитывать подобную связь при реализации своих правотворческих полномочий. Также дана краткая характеристика позитивной юридической ответственности во взаимосвязи с правосознанием
Правовое регулирование генезиса цифровой личности
Get PDFThe article deals with a new phenomenon for the legal science – the institute of legal regulation of the genesis of digital identity.The subject of the research is the relations that emerge in the process of such regulation. The aim of the research is to analyze the legal regulation of the institute of digital identity at the international, regional and national levels, including in the Russian Federation.The methodological basis of the research is the logical and systematic methods of scientific knowledge, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-dogmatic and comparative-legal methods.International, foreign and domestic experience in the genesis of digital identity is studied. The features of legal regulation of each of the elements of digital identity – digital profile, digital image, digital footprint – are analyzed. At the same time, the legal regulation of the relevant relations is considered in their dynamics. As a result of the study, conclusions were made about the peculiarities of international legal regulation of relations related to the genesis of a legal identity, the legal regulation of these relations in the European Union and China. It is noted that international legal regulation of relations related to the genesis of legal personality is carried out, as a rule, only in connection with the need to protect human rights and freedoms in the digital age, including in virtual space; in the European Union the legal regulation is mainly subject to the digital profile of the person, based on his personal data; at the level of individual states the most holistic and systemic regulation of relations related to digital identity is carried out in the People's Republic of China on the Special attention is given to the problems of legal regulation of the genesis of digital identity in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the problems of legal regulation of the genesis of digital identity are becoming particularly relevant at the present time. Its theoretical comprehension is a prerequisite for improving current legislation and law enforcement practice in the Russian Federation.It is pointed out that there are significant gaps in the legal regulation of relations related to the digital footprint in Russia, the most regulated relations in the area of digital profile and digital image; further lack of legal regulation of the collection and processing of information that constitutes the content of the digital identity footprint in Russia will lead to a massive violation of individual rights and freedoms.The study also found that the international legal regulation of relations related to the genesis of the legal personality is usually carried out only in connection with the need to protect human rights and freedoms in the digital age, including in virtual space, and in the European Union the legal regulation is mainly subject to the digital profile of the person, which is based on his personal data.Исследуется правовое регулирование института цифровой личности на международном, региональном и национальном уровнях, в том числе в Российской Федерации. Делаются выводы об особенностях международно-правового регулирования отношений, связанных с генезисом правовой личности, правового регулирования данных отношений в Европейском Союзе и Китае. Особое внимание уделяется проблемам правового регулирования генезиса цифровой личности в Российской Федерации, где, по большей мере, урегулированы отношения в области цифрового профиля и цифрового образа. Отмечается, что дальнейшее отсутствие правового регулирования сбора и обработки информации, составляющей содержание цифрового следа личности, в России приведет к массовому нарушению прав и свобод человека
Глобальный ментальный сдвиг: политические ценности молодежи России и Европы
Get PDFThe subject of the article is the political values of the youth of Russia and Europe.The purpose of our study is to identify the political values of the Youth of Russia and Europe and conduct a comparative analysis based on the methodology of comparative analysis. Four hypotheses are tested that suggest the values of young people, regardless of the region or country of residence, are common, despite the differences in forms of government, political culture, living standards and traditions of the respondents.The main research tasks were: 1. Identification of common value orientations of modern youth studying at universities. 2. Determination of the type of cultural mentality (according to the methodology of Russian American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin) of the youth of Russia and European countries included in the sample. 3. Determining the place of politics and the opportunity to participate in policymaking in the system of values of today's youth. 4. Identification of attitudes (loyalty / acceptance / non-acceptance) to modern democratic values, as well as identification of the preferred form of political governance among young people. 5. Determination of the desired type of taxation. 6. Establishing the relationship between political values and quality of life. 7. Determining the understanding of the components of happiness (wellbeing) and the meaning of life of modern youth. 8. Diagnosis of the degree of involvement in politics/apathy of today's youth.The main results, scope of application. Study made it possible to introduce into contemporary science a new term "integral model of values" – an interconnected set of several life values of a person, each of which describes individual components of values, to form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. Empirical study made it possible to identify the basic components of the integral model of values of modern youth in Russia and Europe in a comparative aspect. Under the integral model of values, authors mean an interconnected set of several private value models of a person (mentality, basic human and social values, life satisfaction and a subjective feeling of happiness, political views and actions, cultural values, etc.), each of which describes individual components of values, and all together they form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. In the structure of the integral model of youth values, authors included: mentality, political values, political mobility and a system of universal values. In accordance with this structure, we present the results of our study.Conclusions. Authors not only managed to identify the already established values and, on the basis of them, draw up an integration model of the values of the youth of Russia and Europe through their comparison, but also to determine the needs of today's youth for certain values.На основе методологии компаративизма исследуются политические ценности молодежи России и Европы. Проверяются четыре гипотезы о том, что в основном ценности молодых людей, независимо от региона и страны проживания, общие, несмотря на разную форму государственного управления, политическую культуру, разный уровень жизни и традиции респондентов. Основной вывод исследования: сегодня у молодежи как России, так и Европы происходит переход от разных форм чувственной, грубо материалистической ментальности, направленной на получение удовольствий и покорение мира, к идеалистической ментальности, являющейся гармоничным балансом чувственной и духовной ментальности, и проявляется это как в системе общечеловеческих ценностей, так и в политических. Анализ результатов исследования позволил ввести в научный оборот новый термин «интегральная модель ценностей» – взаимоувязанная совокупность нескольких частных ценностных моделей человека, каждая из которых описывает отдельные составляющие ценностей, а все вместе они образуют полное и комплексное представление о системе ценностей определенных социальных групп
Компетенция органов местного самоуправления крупнейших городов в сфере обеспечения социально-экономического развития
Get PDFThe subject of the article is legal issues of municipal authorities’ activities in the field of socioeconomic development.The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the legal regulation of socioeconomic issues of organizing local self-government in the largest cities of the Russian Federation. The methodology includes formal legal interpretation of Russian legislative acts, decisions of Russian Constitutional Court as well as systemic analysis of municipal acts.The main results, scope of application. The article analyzes the division of powers between regional and municipal authorities. At the present stage of development of Russian federalism, a rather complex and unstable model of delimitation of powers between levels of public authority has developed, which does not contribute to the socio-economic development of municipalities. distribution of powers between levels of public authority. The question of the delimitation of powers acquires new content in the formation of urban districts with intracity division and intracity districts in the largest cities. Based on the experience of organization and activities of urban districts with intracity division of Chelyabinsk and Samara, the problems and prospects of this approach to territorial planning and the distribution of powers between levels of public authority are outlined. Special attention is paid to the problem of finding a balance between centralization and decentralization of local self-government. In this aspect, the issue of a more effective delimitation of powers between different levels of public authority comes to the fore in order to maintain a unified urban policy in the field of ensuring the socio-economic development of the largest cities of the Russian Federation.Conclusions. A comprehensive approach is needed to delineate powers between levels of public authority, taking into account the importance of the largest cities in the spatial development of the Russian economy and their role in the formation of urban agglomerations. Only centralized administration makes it possible to develop a unified urban infrastructure. Therefore, improving the interaction of public authorities and local self-government is a necessary condition and the most important area of work in major cities that requires joint efforts. However, at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the degeneration of local self-government into a state one and the loss of the internal content of this institution of public power.На основе выявления тенденций правового регулирования вопросов организации местного самоуправления в крупнейших городах Российской Федерации проводится анализ разграничения полномочий между региональными и муниципальными органами власти. Отдельное внимание уделяется проблеме поиска баланса между централизацией и децентрализацией местного самоуправления. В этом аспекте на первый план выходит вопрос более эффективного разграничения полномочий между различными уровнями публичной власти с целью сохранения единой городской политики в сфере обеспечения социально-экономического развития крупнейших городов Российской Федерации. Сформулирован вывод о необходимости комплексного подхода к разграничению полномочий между уровнями публичной власти с учетом значимости крупнейших городов в пространственном развитии российской экономики и их роли в формировании городских агломераций