Law Enforcement Review / Правоприменение
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К вопросу развития института «налоговая обязанность» в условиях цифровизации экономики
Get PDFThe subject. The analysis of trends in the development of the institution of tax liability, which arise as a result of digitalization of the economy.The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the development of the science of tax law and tax legislation in relation to the theoretical category “tax obligation” and the legal regulation of individual duties of taxpayers.The research methodology includes an analysis of regulatory acts of tax legislation governing the issues of generally binding tax obligations, as well as the obligation to pay tax and submit tax returns.The main results and scope of their application. The active use of information and communication technologies in tax relations necessitates a theoretical assessment of the possible transformation of the central category of tax law - tax liability.This will eliminate the unnecessarily complicated process of notifying the tax authorities about such transactions, which is currently being carried out simultaneously by the operators of electronic platforms and the taxpayers themselves. This will make it possible to develop an opinion on the development of legal regulation of various duties of taxpayers, which are fulfilled in the context of digitalization.Conclusions. The author proves the static nature of the content of the concept of tax liability, which is a system of its features. The “classic” sign of general obligation inherent in the tax obligation has been questioned as a result of the ambiguous legal regulation of the tax on professional income. According to the author, in this regard, it is necessary to clarify the legal status of the self-employed in terms of their recognition or non-recognition as entrepreneurs. It is also necessary to improve the legal regulation of the use of a single tax payment and the issue of the gradual abandonment of tax reporting. Such norms should appear if the tax authorities have the technical ability to move to a new stage of digitalization.Рассматривается развитие правового института налоговой обязанности в контексте особенностей актуального периода становления цифровой экономики. На основании анализа подходов к понятию налоговой обязанности делается вывод о неизменности ее признаков при условии трансформации их содержания. Кроме того, результаты исследования показывают необходимость совершенствования правового регулирования отдельных налоговых обязанностей – по уплате налогов и по предоставлению налоговой отчетности
Понятие и содержание договора долевого строительства и его правовая характеристика
Get PDFThe subject of the research is the contract of participation in shared construction. This type of contract is characterized by a special subject structure and defined as independent bilateral commercial agreement owing to which it stands out of other types of contracts. The practice of using this legal institution shows its possibilities and advantages in terms of increasing the number of citizens who have received the opportunity to improve their housing conditions. Nevertheless, today in Russia there is a question of stopping the use of shared-equity construction because there are also negative aspects of the implementation of this right, including an increase in the number of defrauded shareholders. The ambiguity of this legal institution throughout the history of its existence has been the subject of study by many scientists. One of the main issues of these studies was the equity participation agreement as a form of expression of legal relations between developers and participants in shared construction, which provides protection of the rights of all parties to the specified transaction. The equity participation agreement is the basis of legal relations between the parties and regulates their rights and obligations.The purpose of this article is to investigate the main features of the contract in shared construction, to summarise different points of view on the definition of this legal document, to consider the algorithm of concluding this kind of contract, to review Russian legislation in the sphere of shared construction, Russian judicial practice and negative aspects of buying real estate units under this type of contracts.Methodology. A systematic approach was used in combination with logical methods of cognition. It made it possible to study the theoretical, factual and legal grounds of the phenomenon of shared construction in Russia.The main results, scope of application. The article stipulates the main features of the contract of shared construction, different points of view on the definition of this kind of contracts, the algorithm of concluding a contract of shared construction and Russian judicial practice in this sphere.Представлена теория и практика использования такого правового института, как договор долевого строительства; показаны, с одной стороны, его возможности и преимущества в плане увеличения количества граждан, получивших возможность улучшить свои жилищные условия, но, с другой стороны, и негативные стороны реализации этого права, в том числе увеличение числа обманутых акционеров. Подчеркивается неоднозначность этого правового института на протяжении всей истории его существования была предметом изучения многих ученых. Одним из основных вопросов этих исследований был договор долевого участия как форма выражения правоотношений между девелоперами и участниками долевого строительства, обеспечивающая защиту прав всех сторон указанной сделки. Договор долевого участия рассматривается как основа правоотношений сторон, регулирующая их права и обязанности
СТАТЬЯ ОТОЗВАНА: Стандарты обеспечения законности осуществления негласной деятельности в уголовном процессе: правовые позиции Европейского Суда по правам человека и компаративное исследование
Get PDFRETRACTED ARTICLEThe subject of research is the implementation of covert activities in criminal proceedings through the prism of international acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.The purpose of the work is to formulate common standards for ensuring the legality of implementing covert activities in criminal process through the prism of legal positions of the European Court Of Human Rights.The methodological basis or research isthe totality of general and special scientific methods of scientific cognition. The formal-legal (legal-technical) method was used to study the rules of law, to analyze the features of legal technique; and the hermeneutical method revealed the legal content of the norms, legislative proposals and defects in legal regulation. The statistical method helped to generalize judicial practice of ECHR. While building up the system of the standards for the ensuring the legality of implementing covert activities in criminal process we used the system-structural method.The main results and conclusions. The analysis of the legal positions of the ECHR made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards for ensuring the legality of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings:– predictability. Its essence lies in the fact that the grounds, procedural order, conditions, timing, the circle of persons and crimes in relation to which it is allowed to carry out covert activities should be as detailed, clear and accurate as possible in the criminal procedural legislation. Moreover, any person had the opportunity to familiarize himself with the relevant regulatory prescriptions and foresee the actions that can be carried out in relation to him;– warranty against abuse. The content of this standard can be disclosed by more detailed highlighting of clarifying provisions ("substandards"). These include: control of interference in human rights and freedoms; the certainty of the circle of persons in relation to whom it is possible to carry out secret activities; limited corpus delicti, for the purpose of investigation or prevention of which covert activity is allowed; the existence in national legislation of procedures that facilitate the law of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings; the temporary nature of the implementation of secret activities in the criminal process;– verifiability. The essence of this standard can be disclosed through the establishment of judicial control over the decision of the issue regarding the possible destruction of information obtained in the course of conducting covert activities, which is not relevant to criminal proceedings, as well as the requirement for the mandatory opening of decisions that were the basis for conducting covert investigative actions;– exclusivity. The main content of this standard is that covert activity in criminal proceedings can be carried out only in cases where the disclosure or prevention of a crime in another way is impossible or is too complicated;– proportionality of the intervention and its expediency. The essence of this standard is that the implementation of certain covert coercive actions that are associated with the restriction of human rights and freedoms must be proportionate to the goals for which such actions are directed. Moreover, these goals and the applied coercion must be necessary in a democratic society;– inadmissibility of tacit interference in the communication of some subjects. First of all, this requirement concerns the need to legislatively guarantee non-interference in communication between a lawyer and his client, a priest and an accused, etc., which means a ban on targeted control over the communication of certain subjects, as well as the obligation to destroy information obtained in the course of an accidental, situational interfering with their communication.СТАТЬЯ ОТОЗВАНААнализируются правовые позиции Европейского Суда по правам человека, касающиеся процессуального порядка проведения негласных следственных действий в уголовном процессе. Выделяются стандарты обеспечения их законности. С целью всестороннего раскрытия данной проблематики также используется компаративный подход к исследованию, который способствовал выяснению особенностей воплощения выделенных стандартов в законодательстве некоторых стран
Интернационализация отечественного права в контексте правовых позиций Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации и Верховного Суда Российской Федерации
Get PDFThe article is aimed at identifying legal positions on the relationship between international and domestic Russian law in the decisions of Russian Constitutional Court and Russian Supreme Court.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the practice of Russian Constitutional Court and Russian Supreme Court significantly changed the content of norm of Russian Constitution that recognizes generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties as part of the Russian legal system.The methodological basis of the study was formed by both general scientific methods (dialectical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and special methods (synergistic, systemic-structural and formal-legal).The main results, scope of application. The main body of the article covers three interrelated issues. Firstly, the problems of interpretation of Pt. 4 of Art. 15 of the Russian Constitution. These problems are summarized to the ratio of the categories “generally recognized principles of international law” and “generally recognized norms of international law”, to possible contradictions between the current international treaty with the participation of Russia and the provisions of the Russian Constitution as well as to exceptions from the priority of international treaties over the domestic law of Russia. Five such exceptions are highlighted: the unconditional primacy of the Russian Constitution; domination of an international treaty only in the event of a conflict of its norms with the internal law of Russia; the presence in an international treaty of dispositive norms that are inferior to domestic law; taking into account the level of legal force when determining the correlation of an international treaty with the sources of national Russian law; implementation of an international treaty as self-executing or non-self-executing, when the priority of the latter directly depends on the adoption of an appropriate normative act of domestic law. Secondly, the system of legal positions of the Russian Constitutional Court on the relationship between international and domestic law and their target mission is considered. The legal positions on the issue under study are divided into two groups - on the interaction of international treaties with the domestic law of Russia and on the assessment of the prospects for the incorporation of the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights into Russian legal system and the limits of its jurisdiction. The consolidating basis of all judicial legal positions is the unconditional priority of the Russian Constitution, the need to differentiate the normative content of an international treaty with the participation of the Russian Federation and acts of official interpretation by the authorized body of its norms, as well as the desire to preserve the constitutional identity of Russia. Thirdly, the subject of reflection was the limits of the internationalization of domestic law.Conclusions. There is an obstacle to the further internationalization of domestic law. It is the presence of spheres of public and state life that cannot and should not be included in the subject of international legal regulation and are subject exclusively to domestic legal impact. In addition, the framework of internationalization is due to the conflict with the state sovereignty of Russia and the desire to ensure the inviolability of the foundations of the constitutional order and national interests, and to ensure the country's constitutional identity.Посредством анализа законодательства, а также правовых позиций Конституционного Суда РФ и Верховного Суда РФ выявлены проблемы толкования ч. 4 ст. 15 Конституции РФ. Судебные правовые позиции по вопросам соотношения международного и отечественного права разделены на две группы: о взаимодействии международных договоров с внутренним правом России и об оценке инкорпорации правовых позиций Европейского Суда по правам человека в правовую систему России. Сделан вывод, что консолидирующими идеями всех судебных правовых позиций являются безусловный приоритет Конституции РФ, необходимость разграничения нормативного содержания международного договора с участием Российской Федерации и актов официального толкования уполномоченным органом его норм, а также стремление к сохранению конституционной самобытности России
Отношение населения России к проблемам конституционного нигилизма
Get PDFThe subject of the research is the problem of constitutional nihilism in views of Russian citizens.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove a hypothesis about a strong influence of constitutional nihilism in the Russian Federation on people mind. The research was made to identify the most and least dangerous forms of constitutional nihilism existing in the territory of the Russian Federation also.The methodology. The public opinion poll was conducted in Google Forms. The research consists of 15 open and closed questions. 1078 respondents from 28 constituent entities of the Russian Federation took part in the poll. They represent all eight Russian federal districts.The main results, the scope of application. Over 70% of respondents have a negative stance on constitutional nihilism especially after the approval of the last Constitutional Amendments in 2020. According to the public opinion poll, the majority of respondents evaluate the Russian Constitution of 1993 as positive. 67,1% of respondents agree that constitutional nihilism came from western countries and only almost a quarter of respondents stated the nature of constitutional nihilism as native Russian. 64,4% of respondents choose constitutional reform as the most dangerous form of constitutional nihilism. 62,1% of respondents choose the forming of unconstitutional legal awareness as the most dangerous form of constitutional nihilism and 49,8% choose authorities’ discredit as it. The least dangerous forms of constitutional nihilism according to public opinion pall are a civil war (39,7%) and constitutional fiction (31,6%).Conclusions. The results reveal a high level of unconstitutional legal awareness in Russian society. The author has confirmed its hypotheses and discovered the most and the least dangerous forms of constitutional nihilism. The author plans to repeat the research the next year and cover people from more Russian constituent entities.Описывается процедура проведения социологического опроса, в котором приняли участие более тысячи респондентов, посвященного проблеме конституционного нигилизма, анализируются его результаты. На основании ответов респондентов выделяются основные формы проявления конституционного нигилизма в Российской Федерации
Методология уголовно-правового прогнозирования
Get PDFThe subject. Criminal law forecasting is a scientifically based analysis of the prospects for the development of criminal law in order to optimize criminal legislation and the practice of its application. Its subject includes: foreseeing the needs of society in the criminal law regulation of public relations, their criminalization and decriminalization; the dynamics of the development of criminal law relations in society, the development of a criminal law concept of combating socially dangerous phenomena for the foreseeable period; foreseeing the consequences of changes in criminal legislation; the presence of real prerequisites for its application; prognostic assessments of the effectiveness of criminal law norms in the process of law-making and law-realization activities; scenarios and models for the implementation of criminal law institutions and norms; technologies for combating criminality in the application of criminal law norms; prospectsfor the development of the science of criminal law itself, taking into account its scientific potential.The purpose of the article is to establish the ideology and main trends in the development of criminal legislation and the practice of its application in post-Soviet Russia, to determine the methodology for the modernization of criminal policy in the new geopolitical conditions.The methodology of research includes axiological and system approaches, determinative analysis, search and normative forecasting, extrapolation, expert assessments, modeling.The main results, scope of application. There are two diametrically opposed ideologies that are of fundamental importance for criminal law and criminal law forecasting: 1) liberal and 2) conservative. The criminal law policy of the Russian Federation has so far developed in line with liberal ideology. Its main goal is to modernize criminal legislation in terms of decriminalizing economic crimes and humanizing the treatment of white-collar criminals. Conservative criminal law policy is based on the methodology of normative forecasting, which is aimed at achieving the desired (for the state and society) results. This methodology is based on a systematic approach. From the standpoint of this approach, the object of criminal law forecasting is an organized system with an extremely complex structure consisting of three subsystems: managing, managed and criminal law norms. The content of each of these subsystems requires corrective action in order to achieve compliance with the traditional axiological scale and common sense. It is also necessary to solve the problem of coordinating criminal law and criminological legislation.Conclusions. Criminal law forecasting allows us to formulate a number of theses that should be the basis for the concept of optimizing the criminal policy of the Russian Federation: (a) rejection of the liberal model of criminal law regulation of public relations, the transition to a conservative model, which should be dominated by state and public, not private interests; (b) recognition of organized economic and official crime as priority objects of criminallegal influence; (c) coordination of criminal-legal and criminological legislation; (d) adoption of the Federal Law "On Combating Organized Crime".Характеризуется методология уголовно-правового прогнозирования, основанная на выборе его идеологической основы, использования аксиологического и системного подходов, детерминационного анализа, экстраполяции, экспертных оценок, моделирования. Применение аппарата поискового прогнозирования показывает, что уголовно-правовая политика Российской Федерации до настоящего времени развивалась в русле либеральной идеологии и в обозримой перспективе она будет продолжена. Утверждается, что с позиций нормативного прогнозирования следует обеспечить переход к консервативной модели уголовной политики, которая должна будет ориентироваться на государственные и общественные, а не частные интересы
Роль Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации в формировании судебной практики
Get PDFThe subject. The article considers the role of the Plenum of Russian Supreme in forming judicial practice on the example of giving qualification to the crimes committed against sexual freedom and inviolability, as well as against property and public health.The objective of the article is to conduct a complex analysis of the function of the decisions, taken by the Plenum of Russian Supreme Court, in the formation of a unified vector of judicial practice. The authors dare to refute the hypothesis hat judicial practice can be recognized as a source of law.The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical theory of development and interrelation of phenomena. Historical, formal-logical, systematic methods of knowledge have been identified as relevant to the topic of the study.The main results, scope of application. The authors draw attention to the problem of evaluative features used in the process of law enforcement when interpreting the norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A norm with such signs acquires an unformalized essence from the point of view of the boundaries of criminalization of a particular phenomenon. On the other hand, the nature of crimes is so diverse that without the flexibility of criminal law regulation (allowing the use of evaluative features), the application of the norm taking into account specific circumstances in a particular case may not be possible. The authors also consider issues related to the characteristics of the objective side, the end time of these crimes, the application of the formula of a single ongoing crime and its separation from related compounds. The process of law enforcement is based on such guidelines as the norms of law, judicial discretion, established judicial practice, the position of the Plenum of Russian Supreme Court. Attributing an explanatory role to the decisions of the Plenum of Russian Supreme Court does not completely eliminate the shortcomings inherent in legal technology. Correcting the current situation with the help of judicial discretion is not always justified, since this is possible only if there is a legitimate alternative. Assigning the status of a precedent to a judicial decision may lead to the substitution of the law by decisions taken in a particular case.Conclusions. The judicial practice concerning these issues is completely different. Despite the existence of similar situations, courts, as a rule, qualify an offense using various norms of the law, which negatively affects compliance with the principle of legality. The issue related to the function of the decisions of the Plenum of Russian Supreme Court in the formation of a single vector of judicial practice has been and remains debatable. The continued addition of new articles to criminal legislation, on the one hand, indicates the desire of the legislator to bring it to perfection, but, on the other hand, forms a mechanism for clarifying the rules of its application, which sometimes leads to their contradictory interpretation. At the same time, crime and punishment should be determined only by legislation.Раскрываются подходы к роли Пленума Верховного Суда РФ в формировании правовой позиции на примере квалификации преступлений против половой свободы и неприкосновенности, против собственности и здоровья населения. Придание постановлениям Пленума Верховного Суда РФ роли разъясняющего характера редко позволяет устранить дефекты юридической техники. При этом отмечается, что компенсировать сложившуюся ситуацию применением судейского усмотрения не всегда оправданно, так как оно возможно только в рамках наличия законной альтернативы. Присвоение судебному решению прецедентного статуса может привести к подмене закона позицией по конкретному делу. Проведенный анализ свидетельствует о том, что судебная практика по указанным вопросам складывается неоднородно. Суды при наличии схожих ситуаций квалифицируют содеянное с использованием разных норм закона, что отрицательно влияет на соблюдение принципа законности. Делается вывод о том, что нескончаемое дополнение уголовного законодательства новыми статьями, с одной стороны, свидетельствует о желании законодателя довести его до совершенства, но, с другой стороны, запускает механизм разъяснения правил его применения, что иногда приводит к их противоречивой интерпретации
Правовое регулирование противодействия семейно-бытовому насилию в России и Германии: сравнительное исследование
Get PDFThe subject. The article considers a study of regulation of countering domestic violence in Russia and Germany. The author investigates the draft of Russian federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6 and the law of Germany "On civil protection from acts of violence and persecution" as well as federal and lands’ legislation in this sphere. Purpose of the study. The comparative study aims to identify the reasons for the draft’s unviability in Russian Federation, in particular, and to search for legislative opportunities to solve the domestic crime’s problems in Russia, in general.Methodology. The article is based on the comparative legal method. Due to this method, the article describes the legal protections against domestic violence in Russia and Germany (at the level of the federation and states), the advantages and disadvantages of each system.The main results. The legal measures in Germany as well as the draft federal law in the Russian Federation contain protective measures that can be applied by police and court. The main feature of German measures from Russian ones is the possibility of temporary violator’s ejection from the occupied housing by issuing a judicial or police order. The simplicity of the procedure allows а victim to receive effective help at any time, even at night and on non-working days. The article analyses the allowability of these measures to the offender from the point of view of basic rights’ interference; notes the position of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany about the police order on temporary eviction: the residence ejection is allowable only when the measure aims at preventing criminal acts. The article draws attention to the technique’ defects of the Russian draft federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6, which require correction in order to improve the domestic violence’ counteraction in Russia.Сonclusions. It is concluded that in the Russian Federation it is necessary to differentiate heterogeneous phenomena in the law, such as victim’s protection from domestic violence and preventive family relationships’ measures, unreasonably mixed together in the draft federal law "On the prevention of domestic crimes" No. 1183390-6. Besides the law about victim’s protection from acts of violence and persecution should include significant consequences exactly for the violator. In this regard, the German multi-level protection system consisting of police protective measures, preliminary judicial measures as well as judicial measures can be applied. German practice makes it possible to react quickly to an act of domestic violence and provide the necessary victim’s support. The experience of applying the police order on the temporary eviction in Germany as well as violator rights’ interference may be appropriate for use in Russia.С использованием сравнительно-правового метода исследуется система мер по противодействию семейно-бытовому насилию, предусмотренных в ФРГ на уровне федерации и земель, а также содержащихся в российском законодательстве и проекте федерального закона «О профилактике семейно-бытового насилия» № 1183390-6. Анализируется правомерность применения мер по противодействию семейно-бытовому насилию к нарушителю с точки зрения вмешательства в его основные права и свободы, отмечается позиция Федерального конституционного суда ФРГ о соответствии полицейского приказа о временном выселении требованиям правомерности ограничения основных прав и свобод, предусмотренных Основным законом ФРГ, в том случае, когда данная мера направлена на предотвращение уголовно наказуемых деяний. Обращено внимание на дефекты техники подготовки проекта федерального закона № 1183390-6. Делается вывод о необходимости законодательного разграничения разнородных мер по противодействию семейно-бытовому насилию, таких как защита потерпевшей стороны от насилия и профилактические мероприятия. Отмечается, что практика применения полицейского приказа о временном выселении ФРГ и опыт ограничения основных прав нарушителя могут быть целесообразны для применения в России
Правовое регулирование системы субъектов публичного управления, обеспечивающих административно-правовой режим особых экономических зон
Get PDFThe subject of the article is scientific ideas that determine the essence and content of the system of public administration entities that ensure the administrative and legal regime of special economic zones. The author analyzes constitutional norms and provisions of legislative and subordinate acts that form the legal basis for their organization and functioning, the practice of their application.The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the improvement of the system of subjects for ensuring the administrative and legal regime of special economic zones in order to increase the level of their interaction and the progressive economic development of the respective territories.The methodology. The author uses general scientific methods were used (formal-logical, systemic-structural and dialectical methods), as well as private scientific methods, such as the formal-legal, comparative-legal method, the method of interpretation of legal norms.The main results, scope of application. The article reveals the current state of the legal regulation of the system of subjects of public administration of special economic zones in terms of correlation with the new constitutional norms on public authority, characterizes public administration in special economic zones from the point of view of the systemic unity of its constituent elements. The article reveals the shortcomings of this system from the standpoint of completeness, the state of interrelations between its various elements, which cause a decrease in the investment attractiveness of special economic zones, which do not contribute to the creation of new industries and the production of competitive products.The paper substantiates the need to develop a balanced model of organization and functioning of the corresponding legal regime developed with the participation of business representatives. The article proposes a more complete version of the system of subjects of public administration in comparison with the statutory one, including not only those that form a single centralized management system, but also others - the executive and administrative bodies of municipalities, as well as collective formations that are not included in the system of state bodies. and municipal authorities (supervisory boards, expert councils). Based on the identified shortcomings in the organization of expert councils of special economic zones, the article formulates scientifically based proposals for improving the current legislation.Conclusions. It is necessary to bring the Federal Law “On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation” into line with the new provisions of the Russian Constitution on public authority. It will let legalize the existing system of public administration of special economic zones,. Rules on the special economic zones administration should be set out in a chapter entitled “Peculiarities of Implementation public authorities in special economic zones”. The idea was formulated to describe in the proposed chapter a list of all subjects of public administration of special economic zones - the Russian Government, the authorized federal executive body, authorized executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, executive and administrative bodies of municipalities, management companies, supervisory boards and expert councils and determine the powers of each of them.Раскрывается текущее состояние нормативно-правового регулирования системы субъектов публичного управления особыми экономическим зонами с точки зрения соотношения с новыми конституционными нормами о публичной власти. Выявляются недостатки данной системы с точки зрения ее полноты, состояния взаимосвязей между различными ее элементами. Предлагается более полный вариант системы субъектов публичного управления по сравнению с законодательно установленным, включающий не только тех, кто образует единую централизованную систему управления, но и иных – исполнительно-распорядительные органы муниципальных образований, а также коллективные формирования, не входящие в систему органов государственной и муниципальной власти. На основе выявленных недостатков организации экспертных советов особых экономических зон обосновывается совершенствование действующего законодательства
Духовно-нравственные уроки Ф.М. Достоевского в эпоху трансформации современных государств и мирового порядка
Get PDFThe subject of the study is the literary and spiritual heritage of F. Dostoevsky.The article is aimed at analyzing the need for spiritual and moral reform of modern states and the world order.The research methodology includes historical and legal analysis with an interdisciplinary approach, abstraction and mental modeling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete.The main results, scope of application. Dostoevsky brilliantly showed that the basis of society is love, that love implies freedom because it has divine-human nature. For the modern reorganization of the world, it is important to see the innermost essence of human being in freedom according to Dostoevsky. Individual status and freedom cannot be sacrificed to technology, the public needs, or the interests of the digital revolution. It is good when society relies, as Dostoevsky taught, on the Law of Christ, which becomes the inner nature of man, on the spiritual and moral traditions of the people, is built on the dignity and freedom of the individual, kindness and compassion. The freedom of the individual is the basis and principle of life of both the individual and any people. The basis of a common life should be love between individuals, and not external laws or the interests of society as such in order for the complicity of the individual in the life of society not to diminish individual dignity. At the same time, Dostoevsky consistently points out the irrationality of the nature of the individual, the impossibility of comprehending its meaning and place in society and the state by means of logical calculations only. Dostoevsky showed the futility of efforts to find an ethical criterion for the structure of a person's fate outside of religion. Even true knowledge can only be spiritual, it is identified with faith. Church membership, belonging to the Church, directly opposes egoism, which is sinful according to Dostoevsky. In terms of the development of the modern state and law these postulates imply the importance of this constitutionalization of spiritual and moral principles and institutions in the moral state, creation of constitutional bodies of spiritual and moral supervision over public power. And finally, in nation-building, it is important that its foundation remains reasonable. Following a tradition that embodies the cooperation of God and man presupposes a careful attitude to historical memory, the ability to renew within the framework of preserving the whole past.Conclusions. Any approach to states and the world order must be based on the principle of the divine-human nature of the individual, signifying his immutability and inviolability. Reflections on the spiritual and moral features of Russia, revealed by Dostoevsky, have a universal meaning and are especially important for the development of modern states and the world order.Определяется необходимость духовно-нравственного реформирования современных государств и мирового порядка, в качестве предмета исследования взято литературное и духовное наследие Ф.М. Достоевского. Этический персонализм писателя предлагается в качестве политико-правового камертона такого реформирования. Методология исследования включает историко-правовой анализ при междисциплинарном подходе, абстрагирование и мысленное моделирование, восхождение от абстрактного к конкретному. Как результат сформулированы духовные уроки Достоевского для реформирования государства, сделан вывод, что при любых подходах к государству и мировому порядку в основе должен быть принцип богочеловеческой природы личности, означающий ее неизменность и неприкосновенность