Economics. Ecology. Socium (E-Journal) / Економіка. Екологія.Соціум
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Risk Assessment of Water Transport Enterprises by Modeling Direct and Indirect Threats
Get PDFIntroduction. The methods of traffic modeling by water transport and assessing the risks associated with it is needed to identify the issues of the past period, proposing methods for assessing not only direct but also indirect risks to form the preconditions for preventing them in the postwar reconstruction. The coordination of different transport type’s actions of transport requires an assessment of risks impact of the previous stages of mixed transportation on the formation of the following risks’ stages. Existing methods of assessing such impact need to be improved.
Aim and tasks. The aim of this study is creation of methodological approach to risk management in water transport based on a mathematical model for assessing the impact of both direct and indirect risks. The tasks are: to prove that the additive approach of taking risks into account leads to the systematic deviation appearance from the result; take into account the impact on the risk of cargo transportation.
Results. It has proved that the calculation of risk as an additive function leads to a systematic deviation from the relevant result. It stated that the risk of each of the next stages of transportation depends on the risks of the previous stages. To increase risk analysis relevance in water transport, the use of an oriented graph in a multidimensional parameter space proposed. It stated that in order to calculate the integrated risk, it is essential building not only the risk matrix but also the risk incidence matrix to take into account their relation to business entities. It established the impact of even minor risks could take the form of a catastrophe, which leads to cargo flows reorientation. It established that: for calculation of integral risk, it is crucial consider direct and indirect influences of risks; risk calculation for water transport also requires risk analysis in related modes of transport.
Conclusions. It was established that, when calculating integral risk, it is necessary to consider direct and indirect influences on risks and that the risk calculation for water transport also requires risk analysis in related modes of transport. The proposed approach significantly increases the relevance of water transport risk analysis and allows for managing changes in transportation routes in real time
Management of the Behaviour of the Company’s Personnel Based on Corporate Culture
Get PDFIntroduction. A high degree of integration of management activities with information systems enables the use of corporate culture’s potential. Due to the multifactorial nature of external and internal influences and the significant dynamics of changes in factors to increase the effectiveness of managing the behavior of the company's personnel based on corporate culture, management needs specialized information systems for support and decision-making. The effectiveness of the implementation of such systems largely depends on their mathematical core and the efforts of management to adapt the staff to the conscious use of all the opportunities provided by information technologies by the staff.
Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of personnel management behavior based on corporate culture and the stratification of personnel by local groups for the subsequent stratification of assessment factors and management tools.
Results. A mathematical model of personnel behavior management based on corporate culture has been developed to stratify personnel by local groups and, on this basis, stratification of evaluation factors and tools for managing the behavior of these groups of employees was carried out. The results of the mathematical model implementation were stratified. Factors that contribute to the effectiveness of managing the behavior of a company's personnel were identified. Informal methods and tools for moral motivation have also been identified. This indicates that a sudden decrease in the level of interactive communication among personnel might be a sign of their passive resistance to management actions. The fragmentation of the level of interactive communication by local teams is proposed as an indicator of a decrease in the effectiveness of managing the behavior of personnel in interdisciplinary teams.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical model avoids management decisions that contradict the principles of corporate culture, resulting in a negative result from their implementation. The mathematical formalization of management decisions will contribute to the awareness of these decisions by the team as objective decisions, and can be used for the moral motivation of the staff. This allows employees to specify themselves as members of a single team and evaluate their career opportunities in a relevant manner
Gender Labour Discrimination in the Higher Education System: A Case of Georgia
Get PDFIntroduction. Discrimination, especially gender discrimination, is one of the main challenges of the modern labour market. Even though different countries have appropriate policies as well as the desire and readiness of society, gender discrimination remains an unsolved problem in all spheres of activity. Although women's participation and educational opportunities have increased, and they are actively involved in academic activities, according to research, the level of discrimination in this field remains high. The management apparatus of organizations should take into account the fact that discrimination is not only a violation of the country's legislation but also has a negative impact on both the image of the organization and its final results.
Aim and tasks. This research aims to identify gender discrimination in the higher education system and provide solutions using Georgia.
Results. The study aims to outline gender discrimination issues in Georgia and its impact on people's personal lives and health. A total of 759 respondents employed at a higher educational institution were interviewed. Despite the fact that the government of Georgia has developed legislative reforms to eliminate discrimination, the results of the study revealed significant problems in the higher education system of Georgia in terms of gender discrimination. Part of them state that they were victims of discrimination most often at the workplace. The results revealed that gender discrimination affected people's health and personal lives.
Conclusions. Managers must consider many factors to achieve the intended results for an organisation. However, one of the most essential challenges for enhancing employee labour productivity is the creation of a place to work, where the issue of discrimination plays a significant role. Attention was also focused on the factors causing discrimination, to which managers should pay attention to take appropriate measures. The study analysed how men and women perceive the conflicts caused by discrimination in the labour market. Also, it revealed the perception and vision of the ways of solving these conflicts among women and men
Strategy Selection of Healthcare Sector Development and Risk Management of its Implementation
Get PDFIntroduction. The topic of this study is the necessity to implement all stages of strategic planning for health sphere development, such as analysis of the internal and external environment, selection of a specific strategy for further development, and identification and management of risks associated with the implementation of the chosen strategy.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to justify a comprehensive strategy for health sphere development based on the results of SWOT analysis, the characteristics of its main components, the identification of fundamental and specific risks of its implementation, and the development of their minimization directions.
Results. The study offers an application of recovery, restructuring, and reengineering strategies based on a SWOT analysis of the health sector in Ukraine. It offers cost management and risk management strategies as additional strategies. This study analyzes the fundamental and specific risks of health sector strategic development based on expert assessments. It determines that socio-political (weighted score of 7.28 points), personnel (7.94 points), and production and financial risks (7.67 points) pose the greatest threat in 2023. In addition, social and political risks tend to increase during the next two years to 7.67 points, personnel risks to 8.12 points, and production and financial risks could decrease to 6.39 points.
Conclusions. The strategy of functioning of socio-economic system could be chosen under both favorable and unfavorable external and internal conditions; the implementation of the recovery strategy is appropriate for solving the problem of unsatisfactory regulatory and legal support for functioning of industry; restructuring strategy envisages the implementation of organizational, economic, technological and social transformations aimed at improving quality of medical services and managing the assets of medical institutions; the implementation of reengineering strategy creates the necessary prerequisites for a fundamental rethinking of essence, tasks, techniques and methods of marketing activity of medical institutions in general, as well as the development of effective solutions for the formation and implementation of their assortment, communication and service policy in particular
Digitalization of Economic Security Management in Investment Security of Ukraine
Get PDFIntroduction. The study of economic security is relevant due to strengthening competition in the world market and military conflicts, which are becoming critical tasks for the state. Studying economic security makes it possible to identify the problematic aspects of a country's economy, find solutions, and develop strategies to ensure a sustainable investment policy. The specifics of changes in organizational models associated with digitalization also transform investment management systems. The most significant digital changes affect economic security, as the high openness of companies contributes to the emergence of various threats and risks to their activities. Therefore, it is essential to study the problems related to the risks of digital transformation within the framework of economic security management in the investment provision of Ukraine.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to analyse problems and develop a recommendation for assessing the level of economic security when developing investment projects, taking into account the risks of digital transformation, for better preparation for future projects of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine.
The results. This study developed a conceptual model for assessing the level of economic security, which includes the systematization of critical indicators of economic security and the organization of ensuring end-to-end transparency of information during the implementation of investment projects for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine based on intelligent technologies. Software for assessing economic security using machine learning methods is proposed, which will allow forecasting the state of the enterprise's economic security for the entire implementation period of the investment project.
Conclusions. This research proved that an enterprise's economic security is a complex and integral economic concept that requires studying the influence of several external and internal factors. Therefore, the established approach to assessing the state of economic security should cover all current investment processes and risks that arise in the context of the digitalization of enterprises, influencing the choice of critical indicators. Post-war reconstruction should be based on the modernization of the economy by improving the security of the business environment (reducing corruption, ensuring private property rights and strengthening the security of business activities) and the transition to a digital society
Management of Cryptocurrency Transactions from Accounting Aspects
Get PDFIntroduction. An analysis of approaches to accounting for transactions with cryptocurrency states that the development of digital technologies and virtual markets has revealed a lack of readiness for the accounting display of such assets because there is no single approach to accounting for cryptocurrency transactions. Various regulatory documents have proposed considering cryptocurrency as an object that can be stocks, financial investments, monetary means, or intangible assets. Therefore, there is a need to determine exactly what cryptocurrency should be considered and which financial accounts should be displayed in the future.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to identify the main characteristics of cryptocurrencies, which will help identify them as accounting objects. Based on this, it is necessary to study the main approaches to the display of such assets on financial accounts and to determine in which operations cryptocurrency can be used, and how to identify it.
Results. It is established that the generation of cryptocurrency is affected by the approach of the miner, as he can generate new cryptocurrency, and all incurred costs are included in the cost price and form the initial value of the mined coin. However, if a miner can mine cryptocurrency using already existing technology, then the initial value must be capitalized on account 154 “Purchase (creation) of intangible assets” to form the initial value (cost). The identification criteria are as follows: receiving economic benefits, the sale operation will be completed, according to which cryptocurrency can be considered as reserves. The content of the operations (increase or decrease in exchange rate, formation of reports, etc.) for which cryptocurrency should be revalued on the relevant balance sheet date is given.
Conclusions. Cryptocurrency can be considered a stock or an intangible asset. Modern blockchain technology affects accounting science by using triple rather than double recordings. This adds a level of entry, a cryptographic stamp with all transactions, and proves, however, that the interested parties (accountant, client, tax authorities, and auditor) will have an identical copy of the “ledger”. After achieving cryptocurrency price stability, such an asset can be used during international transactions, as it is more often used for speculative gains
Development Management of Interbank Competition in the Corporate Lending Market
Get PDFIntroduction. The effective functioning of the banking sector is a prerequisite for the economy development and one of the main sources of providing monetary resources for economic activity of entrepreneurship, regardless of ownership forms and spheres of management. The urgent problem of business development today is the lack of own financial resources for economic activity and a significant reduction in corporate bank lending. Therefore, it is relevant to study and solve the problems of renewing lending by banks to the corporate sector at the present time, taking into account the prevention of the increase in the level of credit risk.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to manage the development of interbank competition in the corporate lending market based on a study of the bank lending state to corporate clients and further prospects in the absence of an accurate forecast of the economic situation in Ukraine.
Results. The analysis of the dynamics of the bank lending total volume to business in 2022-2023 and the structure of the provided corporate loans showed that since mid-2022 there has been a tendency to decrease the volume of loans to entrepreneurship, which is caused by a decrease in demand from borrowers and an increase in the cost of credit from banks. In addition, more than 70% of the loans provided are concentrated in five larger banks in Ukraine, including 4 state-owned ones, preferential lending to businesses with state support prevails. To further assess the development of corporate bank lending, a prediction of lending volumes for 2023 was carried out, which made it possible to establish that lending volumes by banks of non-financial corporations have a forecast downward trend.
Conclusions. Recommendations for improving corporate bank lending processes are proposed, namely: development of credit policy directions that will prevent a new crisis of confidence in banks and the banking system; development of measures that will prevent the curtailment of preferential targeted lending programs; developing measures to reduce the level of non-performing loans and solving the problem of lowering the cost of financing sources
The Economics of Technology Transfer in The Environmental Safety of Enterprises for the Energy Transition
Get PDFIntroduction. European countries are at different stages of transition to a new energy system due to different levels of energy dependence, geographical conditions, and priorities of national administration. The use of information technology and innovative developments in the energy field allows for reducing energy production costs, improving resource use efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring energy security. Modern energy is reaching a new qualitative level due to technology transfer and government policy. Such an energy transition in the industry requires time, unfolding globalization processes, implementing sustainable development strategy and solving greening problems.
Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to assess the level of the economic base of technology transfer in the creation and functioning of a new energy system based on the principles of environmental safety of modern enterprises in EU countries.
Results. The theoretical model is considered, which explains the essence and factors in the implementation of the new energy system of production enterprises in the cross-section of the EU countries. The ranking of European countries is given based on the calculation of the use of final electricity consumption per dollar per capita and one percent of renewable energy consumption minus the tax burden. Thus, some countries already have significant indicators that indicate the effectiveness of the transition to a new energy structure of their national enterprises. And such results do not directly depend on the share of the use of renewable energy sources and the reduction of the use of coal. But the share of more than 60% of the use of renewable energy and the significant tax burden placed on the final household consumers of electricity are general signs of the implementation of such a transition. Enterprises use such a transition mechanism more effectively in EU countries, where more than 60%. In economic terms, such transitions of enterprises are carried out at the expense of the lion's share of the tax burden on electricity use by end consumers – households.
Conclusions. The study of the economic basis of technology transfer in the creation and functioning of a new energy system based on the principles of environmental safety of modern enterprises in EU countries is of great importance for improving energy efficiency and achieving environmental safety in the region as a whole. The research will be useful for government bodies that are engaged in shaping energy policy, regulating the energy sector, and ensuring environmental safety
Analysis and Assessment of Human Capital in the Regions of Slovakia
Get PDFIntroduction. The human capital of any country is a priority factor of national wealth and well-being, as it creates the necessary potential in knowledge, experience and skills of people. It also accelerates intellectual and technical progress in society and strengthens a country's international competitiveness. The international experience in human capital formation confirms the importance of intellectual potential, education quality, and the need to accumulate it. The major reason for concentrating the human capital is the growing role of the population`s social protection and providing favourable conditions for personal and overall country development.
Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive approach to the analysis and evaluation of human capital by identifying its main components in the Slovakian regions. The average multivariate method was used for the research, considering the dynamics of the economic development indicator.
Results. Based on the proposed algorithm for human capital analysis, an assessment of the human capital development level in Slovakian regions was carried out using the average multivariate method, considering intellectual, educational, physical, science, and innovative capital. The calculations and comparative graphic analysis for the period 2018-2020 revealed a close connection between the dynamics of GDP and human capital development, which can be traced in each region of Slovakia. The change in GDP in the calculation period is proportional to the change in human capital assessment indicators. The synchronicity in the graph`s dynamics of the average multidimensional indicators of GDP and human capital in Slovakia for the period 2018-2020 is graphically substantiated. This confirms that the indicators selected for analysis and evaluation indicate a stable connection between investments in the individual components of human capital and the country's economic development.
Conclusions. The analysis and assessment show that Slovakia has significant reserves for human capital development, which must be realized by implementing institutional changes both at the national and regional levels. This can be realized through the implementation of state programs to support youth, increase the level of funding, develop a business incentive system, and activate people’s creative potential. The methodology of the analysis and the proposed measures will help improve the level of human capital in the country. A set of measures to improve the efficiency of the use and development of a country's human capital was proposed
Assessment of Compliance to the Market Environment of the Institutional Economic Mechanism of Maritime Transport Operation
Get PDFIntroduction. When analyzing the dynamics of the current situation, it is important to consider the institutional cycle, which is clearly manifested in the long-term economic development of maritime transport and international trade. Owing to the institutional nature of this cycle, an institutional-economic mechanism that is adequate for one of its phases may be inadequate for another historical phase. Therefore, for an objective assessment of the compliance of the institutional-economic mechanism of maritime transport in general economic situations, full consideration of the specific historical stage of the institutional cycle is of fundamental importance.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to combine the neo-institutional approach with a fundamental analysis of the processes of globalization and localization to develop a scientific basis for an objective assessment of the compliance of the institutional-economic mechanism of sea transport with the economic situation.
Results. The methodology of the transactional approach was used to examine informational influence on the economic choice of subjects in the maritime transportation market through an organized search for alternative options for market operations. The application of macro-marketing in the field of maritime transport made it possible to determine the possibility of reducing the level of information costs of economic entities in this field by 35–40% and the overall level of transaction costs by 2-3% and significantly increasing the profits of companies.
Conclusions. The assessment of the compliance of the institutional and economic mechanism of sea transport in general economic situations is related to both the neo-institutional version of the transactional analysis and the theory and practice of macro-marketing, in accordance with the new historical conditions associated with the crisis of globalization and the tendency to localize production. Application of the transactional approach to the informational influence on the economic choice of subjects of the maritime transport market testified that not so much market prices for transport services in themselves can become a tool for indirect control through prices, but information about them as a basis for optimizing the functioning of the entire economic system of maritime transport due to the relative reduction of uncertainty