Economics. Ecology. Socium (E-Journal) / Економіка. Екологія.Соціум
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Marketing Strategy Development in the Management of Industrial Enterprise Competitiveness
Full text linkIntroduction. The rapid changes in external and internal factors form the features that ensure the competitiveness of enterprises. This requires not only a revision of marketing strategies and their objectives, but also a reconsideration of approaches to developing long-term marketing plans, as external conditions are constantly evolving. Therefore, the lack of resources for the functioning of marketing departments with a simultaneous increase in tasks necessitates a well-founded choice of the latest marketing tools.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to determine the key factors affecting the development and implementation of marketing strategies in industrial enterprises and to construct a mathematical model for forecasting and selecting effective tools to enhance the competitiveness and adaptability of the Ukrainian industry.
Results. Marketing strategies amid hostilities have revealed the low adaptability of Ukrainian enterprises, as evidenced by a decrease in repeat purchases to approximately 0.51 and a reduction in purchase frequency for around 66% of companies. Therefore, marketing services are more likely to use digital technologies in advertising (39%) and to expand the customer base (34%). This suggests that optimising marketing expenditures should be achieved through the selection of the most effective tools. For this purpose, an aggregate mathematical model is developed to forecast the digital marketing market. Innovations in marketing and production contributed to the growth of Ukraine’s position in the Global Innovation Index by 11 points in 2024 compared with 2021, ensuring the preservation of competitiveness and stability of exports. This relationship is confirmed by the correlation coefficients between exports and specific marketing strategies: 0.6559 for influencer marketing and 0.78282 for search engine optimisation.
Conclusions. The study outlines the specific features of marketing strategies under wartime conditions and offers practical recommendations for their application. It identifies the adaptability level of Ukrainian enterprises at 60% and proposes measures to enhance it. An adaptive iterative approach for achieving long-term goals in real time is introduced. Furthermore, a modified dissipative structures framework is applied to identify the most promising marketing tools, with the markets for social media marketing and television advertising projected to grow by 30% and 32%, respectively, in 2026 compared to 2025
Strategic Audit of Resource Utilisation and Management Efficiency in the National Economy
Full text linkIntroduction. The decisive role of strategic audits is revealed in optimising the use of national resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan and promoting sustainable economic development through detailed and systematic analysis of strategic audit processes. This involves improving resource management methods and promoting sustainable economic development through a detailed and systematic analysis of the strategic audit processes. A comprehensive analysis of strategic audits will help identify reserves for sustainable economic growth based on assessing its impact on resource use efficiency.
Aim and tasks. This study evaluated the influence of strategic audit methodologies on the efficiency of national resource use in Republic of Kazakhstan. This study aims to develop and evaluate strategic audit methodologies that improve the efficiency of national resource use in the Republic of Kazakhstan and optimise resource management.
Results. The study focuses on key indicators such as GDP growth, export-import ratio, and investment in technology based on secondary data. The study demonstrated the importance of these procedures for effective industrial and resource management by assessing the impact of strategic audits on resource consumption, industrial production forecasts, and gross regional product (GRP) estimates using time series, regression and correlation analyses. Correlation analysis between the volumes of industrial production and economic indicators shows a strong relationship, which is confirmed by the multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.989134 and the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.978386. This means that fluctuations in such key economic factors as GDP growth and technological investment can explain 97.84% of the changes in industrial production. The regression model shows statistical significance with an F-statistic of 407.3994 and a p-value of 8.37E-09, confirming its reliability and strong predictive ability in predicting the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan economy.
Conclusions. This study highlights the importance of establishing and implementing a strategic audit methodology in public administration and lays the foundation for future resource management and policymaking research. A strategic audit is critical to effective resource management in the Republic of Kazakhstan and can accelerate economic growth and industrial competitiveness. Strategic audits support sustainable development by providing data for rational resource management and contribute to improved environmental sustainability.Introduction. The decisive role of strategic audits is revealed in optimising the use of national resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan and promoting sustainable economic development through detailed and systematic analysis of strategic audit processes. This involves improving resource management methods and promoting sustainable economic development through a detailed and systematic analysis of the strategic audit processes. A comprehensive analysis of strategic audits will help identify reserves for sustainable economic growth based on assessing its impact on resource use efficiency.
Aim and tasks. This study evaluated the influence of strategic audit methodologies on the efficiency of national resource use in Republic of Kazakhstan. This study aims to develop and evaluate strategic audit methodologies that improve the efficiency of national resource use in the Republic of Kazakhstan and optimise resource management.
Results. The study focuses on key indicators such as GDP growth, export-import ratio, and investment in technology based on secondary data. The study demonstrated the importance of these procedures for effective industrial and resource management by assessing the impact of strategic audits on resource consumption, industrial production forecasts, and gross regional product (GRP) estimates using time series, regression and correlation analyses. Correlation analysis between the volumes of industrial production and economic indicators shows a strong relationship, which is confirmed by the multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.989134 and the determination coefficient (R2) of 0.978386. This means that fluctuations in such key economic factors as GDP growth and technological investment can explain 97.84% of the changes in industrial production. The regression model shows statistical significance with an F-statistic of 407.3994 and a p-value of 8.37E-09, confirming its reliability and strong predictive ability in predicting the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan economy.
Conclusions. This study highlights the importance of establishing and implementing a strategic audit methodology in public administration and lays the foundation for future resource management and policymaking research. A strategic audit is critical to effective resource management in the Republic of Kazakhstan and can accelerate economic growth and industrial competitiveness. Strategic audits support sustainable development by providing data for rational resource management and contribute to improved environmental sustainability
Management and Cost Analysis of Insurance-Based Social Benefits in the Republic of Azerbaijan
Full text linkIntroduction. Mechanisms for strengthening social protection in the Republic of Azerbaijan are important to improve social payments within the state’s social insurance (insurance-pension) system. The relevance lies in establishing a theoretical and conceptual framework for making informed decisions on improvements at the management level based on the optimal use of the state social insurance system’s financial and resource capabilities for social protection.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to substantiate management decisions and analyse the cost of social protection within the current state of the social insurance system in Azerbaijan. The study also analyses the importance of implementing this benefit scheme in the Republic of Azerbaijan, its role in social protection, and the need to increase its amount.
Results. The analysis of social protection costs within Azerbaijan's current state social insurance system highlights the need to increase childcare benefits by 57.1% for children under 1.5 years of age and 59.1% for children aged 1.5 to 3 years. This need is driven by demographic changes (from 5.2 children per woman in the 1970s to 1.825 in the 2020s), increasing life expectancy (from 69.8 years in the 1970s to 76 years in 2023), and a shrinking working-age population (the share of children aged 0-14 years fell from 32.6% in 1995 to 21.2% in 2024). This trans poses long-term risks to the pension system's financial sustainability and social protection. Currently, the benefit is only 16.29% of the subsistence minimum and less than 3.5% of the monthly food expenses, which is insufficient for the needs of families. The State Social Protection Fund (hereinafter – Fund) has sufficient resources for an increase, which is confirmed by the analysis of the budget and the dynamics of income from mandatory contributions. The share of childcare benefits in the fund's total expenses is only 0.14%, and its share in GDP is less than 0.01%. International experience confirms that increasing benefits can increase birth rates and reduce poverty.
Conclusions. This study strengthens the foundation for making prospective socio-economically effective decisions in the field of social protection based on a grounded approach, as well as international experience. Currently, there are unused economic and financial opportunities to revise (increase) the amount of childcare benefits that are of public interest in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Moreover, sufficient motives exist for introducing these increases, which would be acceptable as management tools for improvement.Introduction. Mechanisms for strengthening social protection in the Republic of Azerbaijan are important to improve social payments within the state’s social insurance (insurance-pension) system. The relevance lies in establishing a theoretical and conceptual framework for making informed decisions on improvements at the management level based on the optimal use of the state social insurance system’s financial and resource capabilities for social protection.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to substantiate management decisions and analyse the cost of social protection within the current state of the social insurance system in Azerbaijan. The study also analyses the importance of implementing this benefit scheme in the Republic of Azerbaijan, its role in social protection, and the need to increase its amount.
Results. The analysis of social protection costs within Azerbaijan's current state social insurance system highlights the need to increase childcare benefits by 57.1% for children under 1.5 years of age and 59.1% for children aged 1.5 to 3 years. This need is driven by demographic changes (from 5.2 children per woman in the 1970s to 1.825 in the 2020s), increasing life expectancy (from 69.8 years in the 1970s to 76 years in 2023), and a shrinking working-age population (the share of children aged 0-14 years fell from 32.6% in 1995 to 21.2% in 2024). This trans poses long-term risks to the pension system's financial sustainability and social protection. Currently, the benefit is only 16.29% of the subsistence minimum and less than 3.5% of the monthly food expenses, which is insufficient for the needs of families. The State Social Protection Fund (hereinafter – Fund) has sufficient resources for an increase, which is confirmed by the analysis of the budget and the dynamics of income from mandatory contributions. The share of childcare benefits in the fund's total expenses is only 0.14%, and its share in GDP is less than 0.01%. International experience confirms that increasing benefits can increase birth rates and reduce poverty.
Conclusions. This study strengthens the foundation for making prospective socio-economically effective decisions in the field of social protection based on a grounded approach, as well as international experience. Currently, there are unused economic and financial opportunities to revise (increase) the amount of childcare benefits that are of public interest in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Moreover, sufficient motives exist for introducing these increases, which would be acceptable as management tools for improvement
A Cross-Sectional Review of Energy Transition, Security and Climate Change Policies
Full text linkIntroduction. Energy, security, and climate change are essential concerns for policymakers and economic agendas, prioritising data monitoring, national resources, resilience, and informed planning. The analysis of these topics is relevant for achieving sustainability objectives and targets, especially for understanding and analysing societal, technological, environmental, and economic developments, aiming to guarantee a fair and inclusive transition.
Aim and tasks. This study presents a legal and policy nexus linking energy transition, security, and climate change by completing a complex analytical and conceptual analysis of key terms and policies developed from 1985 to 2022. Furthermore, it reviews the evolution of climate change, security, and energy transition concepts and analyses European and international policy and judicial options to reach a consensus on addressing climate change.
Results. The findings are intended to provide insights into the nexus of energy-security-climate change by reflecting the terminology and associated concepts in digitalised academic literature from 1985 to 2022 using the Google Ngram Viewer platform. The modelling analysis displayed various interrelated graphical representations that support future green energy and climate change policy settings, linking Ngram monitoring, result analysis, and data interpretation. The cross-sectional analysis examines the dynamic conceptual processes of specific terms and emerging research streams on security and climate change over four decades. The findings show linkages between climate change, sustainability, renewable energy, energy security and new conceptual associations that influence diverse academic research. Pearson correlation for statistical analysis results showed strong dependencies between variables, consistent with the values represented using the Google Ngram Viewer platform.
Conclusions. This study provides an overview of the circulation of concepts in the energy and climate change sectors within digitalised academic literature, mapping emergent conceptual trends over the selected period. The visualisation of the modelling analysis correlates with the temporal frequencies, as classified by the research sections. It organises data using graphical representations of energy resources and climate change concerning sustainable development and security.Introduction. Energy, security, and climate change are essential concerns for policymakers and economic agendas, prioritising data monitoring, national resources, resilience, and informed planning. The analysis of these topics is relevant for achieving sustainability objectives and targets, especially for understanding and analysing societal, technological, environmental, and economic developments, aiming to guarantee a fair and inclusive transition.
Aim and tasks. This study presents a legal and policy nexus linking energy transition, security, and climate change by completing a complex analytical and conceptual analysis of key terms and policies developed from 1985 to 2022. Furthermore, it reviews the evolution of climate change, security, and energy transition concepts and analyses European and international policy and judicial options to reach a consensus on addressing climate change.
Results. The findings are intended to provide insights into the nexus of energy-security-climate change by reflecting the terminology and associated concepts in digitalised academic literature from 1985 to 2022 using the Google Ngram Viewer platform. The modelling analysis displayed various interrelated graphical representations that support future green energy and climate change policy settings, linking Ngram monitoring, result analysis, and data interpretation. The cross-sectional analysis examines the dynamic conceptual processes of specific terms and emerging research streams on security and climate change over four decades. The findings show linkages between climate change, sustainability, renewable energy, energy security and new conceptual associations that influence diverse academic research. Pearson correlation for statistical analysis results showed strong dependencies between variables, consistent with the values represented using the Google Ngram Viewer platform.
Conclusions. This study provides an overview of the circulation of concepts in the energy and climate change sectors within digitalised academic literature, mapping emergent conceptual trends over the selected period. The visualisation of the modelling analysis correlates with the temporal frequencies, as classified by the research sections. It organises data using graphical representations of energy resources and climate change concerning sustainable development and security
Circular Economy and Sustainable Practices in Regenerative Agricultural Productivity
Full text linkIntroduction. The industrial model of agricultural intensification, focused on the intensive use of non-renewable energy sources and their derivatives (such as mineral fertilisers and pesticides), has not generated sustainable development from an economic, ecological, and social point of view. The apparent success of this model has been built on the degradation of natural and social capital and on the transfer of ecological and health costs to society. The widening imbalance between ever-higher industrial input prices and stagnant agricultural production incomes has heightened farmers’ economic vulnerability.
Aim and tasks. The study focuses on the circular economy and sustainable regenerative agricultural practices, while examining the limitations of a reductionist approach that focuses on short-term profit at the expense of economic, environmental, and social balance.
Results. Based on data obtained in long-term experiments carried out in the Republic of Moldova and Romania, the article supports the need for a transition to an alternative agricultural model, based on the use of local renewable energy sources, deep recycling in accordance with the circular economy, and the restoration of the function of the soil. Applying practices such as diversified crop rotation, including perennial legumes and composted organic matter, substantially reduces dependence on industrial input, increasing the resilience and competitiveness of agricultural systems. In rotations that included mixtures of alfalfa and perennial grasses, the application of compost led to an average increase in winter wheat production compared to unfertilised variants, and the supplementation with mineral fertilisers did not bring additional benefits and even caused decreases (0.10–0.16 t/ha) in yield.
Conclusions. The importance of this study lies in providing a conceptual framework for the reconfiguration paradigm of agricultural intensification. This study proposes practical and sustainable solutions adapted to the current conditions in Eastern Europe, with expansion potential for international application in the transition to agroecological systems aligned with the circular economy. Long-term experiments showed that in rotations that include perennial legumes and composted organic matter, the average yield of winter wheat increased by 0.52 t/ha compared to unfertilised variants. Simultaneously, additional fertilisation with mineral fertilisers did not result in additional gains and, in some cases, reduced yields, which underlines the efficiency of organic inputs in diversified rotations.Introduction. The industrial model of agricultural intensification, focused on the intensive use of non-renewable energy sources and their derivatives (such as mineral fertilisers and pesticides), has not generated sustainable development from an economic, ecological, and social point of view. The apparent success of this model has been built on the degradation of natural and social capital and on the transfer of ecological and health costs to society. The widening imbalance between ever-higher industrial input prices and stagnant agricultural production incomes has heightened farmers’ economic vulnerability.
Aim and tasks. The study focuses on the circular economy and sustainable regenerative agricultural practices, while examining the limitations of a reductionist approach that focuses on short-term profit at the expense of economic, environmental, and social balance.
Results. Based on data obtained in long-term experiments carried out in the Republic of Moldova and Romania, the article supports the need for a transition to an alternative agricultural model, based on the use of local renewable energy sources, deep recycling in accordance with the circular economy, and the restoration of the function of the soil. Applying practices such as diversified crop rotation, including perennial legumes and composted organic matter, substantially reduces dependence on industrial input, increasing the resilience and competitiveness of agricultural systems. In rotations that included mixtures of alfalfa and perennial grasses, the application of compost led to an average increase in winter wheat production compared to unfertilised variants, and the supplementation with mineral fertilisers did not bring additional benefits and even caused decreases (0.10–0.16 t/ha) in yield.
Conclusions. The importance of this study lies in providing a conceptual framework for the reconfiguration paradigm of agricultural intensification. This study proposes practical and sustainable solutions adapted to the current conditions in Eastern Europe, with expansion potential for international application in the transition to agroecological systems aligned with the circular economy. Long-term experiments showed that in rotations that include perennial legumes and composted organic matter, the average yield of winter wheat increased by 0.52 t/ha compared to unfertilised variants. Simultaneously, additional fertilisation with mineral fertilisers did not result in additional gains and, in some cases, reduced yields, which underlines the efficiency of organic inputs in diversified rotations
Algorithmic Management in the Digital Transformation of Enterprises: a Qualitative Study of Motivations and Strategic Implications
Full text linkIntroduction. With the development of digital technologies and the increasing penetration of artificial intelligence into business, algorithmic management is becoming an integral part of overall organisational management. This study, based on a qualitative analysis of logistics, finance, IT services, and manufacturing organisations, contributes to the understanding of algorithmic management in the development of digital transformation by examining the motivations of workers from different sectors of the economy.
Aim and tasks. This study focuses on introducing and using algorithmic management as a means of successful digital transformation in an organisation. The main aim is to explore the experience of specific business organisations operating in different sectors of the economy regarding the introduction and use of algorithmic management.
Results. The decision to implement algorithmic management is complex, influenced by both internal and external factors, including competitors and technological advancements. Social and ethical aspects relate to efficiency, faster decision-making, meeting customer needs, and fostering innovation. The impact on employees can be defined as two-way: algorithmic management presents an opportunity for better development, but it is also associated with direct concerns about job loss, changes in established work habits, invasion of personal space, and excessive control. Regardless of an organisation’s field of work, ethical dimensions are always present and are perceived as a significant opportunity to overcome the negative consequences of implementing algorithmic management. The consequences reveal differences between sectors: for logistics, the emphasis is on the speed of service; in finance, on transparency and risk management; in the IT sector, on innovation; and in manufacturing, on process optimisation and cost reduction.
Conclusions. In order to be successfully and sustainably implemented, algorithmic management should be part of an overall strategy for the organisation’s development in the context of digital transformation. It is recommended that organisations introduce a phased approach to algorithmic management, with parallel training for employees, the introduction of mandatory mechanisms for transparency in decision-making and uncompromising standards for personal data protection.Introduction. With the development of digital technologies and the increasing penetration of artificial intelligence into business, algorithmic management is becoming an integral part of overall organisational management. This study, based on a qualitative analysis of logistics, finance, IT services, and manufacturing organisations, contributes to the understanding of algorithmic management in the development of digital transformation by examining the motivations of workers from different sectors of the economy.
Aim and tasks. This study focuses on introducing and using algorithmic management as a means of successful digital transformation in an organisation. The main aim is to explore the experience of specific business organisations operating in different sectors of the economy regarding the introduction and use of algorithmic management.
Results. The decision to implement algorithmic management is complex, influenced by both internal and external factors, including competitors and technological advancements. Social and ethical aspects relate to efficiency, faster decision-making, meeting customer needs, and fostering innovation. The impact on employees can be defined as two-way: algorithmic management presents an opportunity for better development, but it is also associated with direct concerns about job loss, changes in established work habits, invasion of personal space, and excessive control. Regardless of an organisation’s field of work, ethical dimensions are always present and are perceived as a significant opportunity to overcome the negative consequences of implementing algorithmic management. The consequences reveal differences between sectors: for logistics, the emphasis is on the speed of service; in finance, on transparency and risk management; in the IT sector, on innovation; and in manufacturing, on process optimisation and cost reduction.
Conclusions. In order to be successfully and sustainably implemented, algorithmic management should be part of an overall strategy for the organisation’s development in the context of digital transformation. It is recommended that organisations introduce a phased approach to algorithmic management, with parallel training for employees, the introduction of mandatory mechanisms for transparency in decision-making and uncompromising standards for personal data protection
Digital Program Control and Complex Component Processing in Performance-Driven Production Engineering
Full text linkIntroduction. Modern mechanical engineering is characterised by a constant increase in the proportion of parts with complex configurations (bodies of revolution with rectilinear and curvilinear elements) manufactured using materials with special physical and mechanical properties. The production of such complex components requires high precision, flexibility, and efficiency. The complex shape and variety of technological manufacturing processes are most effectively determined by their efficient processing on automated multifunctional equipment with a central processing unit (CPU).
Aim and tasks. This study aims to investigate the processing of complex-shaped details made of difficult-to-process materials on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) or CNC machining is the automated control of machine tools by a computer lathes to increase the efficiency of the technological process.
Results. The efficiency of the technological process has been increased when processing complex-shaped parts made of difficult-to-process materials on CNC lathes, as a methodology has been developed for determining cutting modes using the criterion of “processing productivity”. The main task at the technological preparation stage of production is optimisation in determining the parameters of the cutting mode, based on the criterion of “durability at maximum productivity”. In the developed methodology for determining the cutting mode, the volume of material removed per unit time is used as a criterion for “processing productivity”, while simultaneously taking into account the relationship between ар, f, and vc through the cutting power and tool durability, which allows an increase in productivity of up to 74%. Multi-pass roughing is more effective for CNC lathes than single-pass, and maximum cutting productivity is achieved at maximum tool feed.
Conclusions. The analysis showed that productivity gains from increasing the cutting depth are limited by machine power. Optimisation based on the "tool life at maximum productivity" criterion is effective only when the machine power is not a limiting factor. It was found that reducing the target tool life (T) does not always increase productivity. Reducing T is effective only in conditions where higher cutting speeds do not exceed the available machine power; otherwise, the actual tool life may even increase. The optimisation of T must consider machine power limitations: reducing T is effective only when higher cutting speeds do not exceed the permissible power.Introduction. Modern mechanical engineering is characterised by a constant increase in the proportion of parts with complex configurations (bodies of revolution with rectilinear and curvilinear elements) manufactured using materials with special physical and mechanical properties. The production of such complex components requires high precision, flexibility, and efficiency. The complex shape and variety of technological manufacturing processes are most effectively determined by their efficient processing on automated multifunctional equipment with a central processing unit (CPU).
Aim and tasks. This study aims to investigate the processing of complex-shaped details made of difficult-to-process materials on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) or CNC machining is the automated control of machine tools by a computer lathes to increase the efficiency of the technological process.
Results. The efficiency of the technological process has been increased when processing complex-shaped parts made of difficult-to-process materials on CNC lathes, as a methodology has been developed for determining cutting modes using the criterion of “processing productivity”. The main task at the technological preparation stage of production is optimisation in determining the parameters of the cutting mode, based on the criterion of “durability at maximum productivity”. In the developed methodology for determining the cutting mode, the volume of material removed per unit time is used as a criterion for “processing productivity”, while simultaneously taking into account the relationship between ар, f, and vc through the cutting power and tool durability, which allows an increase in productivity of up to 74%. Multi-pass roughing is more effective for CNC lathes than single-pass, and maximum cutting productivity is achieved at maximum tool feed.
Conclusions. The analysis showed that productivity gains from increasing the cutting depth are limited by machine power. Optimisation based on the "tool life at maximum productivity" criterion is effective only when the machine power is not a limiting factor. It was found that reducing the target tool life (T) does not always increase productivity. Reducing T is effective only in conditions where higher cutting speeds do not exceed the available machine power; otherwise, the actual tool life may even increase. The optimisation of T must consider machine power limitations: reducing T is effective only when higher cutting speeds do not exceed the permissible power
Analysis of the Financial Management and Business Performance Implications of Income Tax Accounting Policy
Full text linkIntroduction. Amid economic instability, an increasing tax burden, and changing legislation, developing an effective accounting policy that optimises tax liabilities is crucial. Accounting policy in forming corporate income tax is a multifunctional tool that allows for taking into account tax risks, increasing financial transparency, and facilitating the development of an effective strategy for managing costs and financial resources.
Aim and tasks. This study examines the theoretical, practical, and legal aspects of income tax accounting policy to develop a model for determining the corporate income tax base and assess its impact on financial management and business performance.
Results. A model for forming an accounting policy aimed at determining the corporate income tax base based on the instruments of the tax system and accounting has been developed. The model ensures a balanced tax burden, compliance with state requirements, and legitimate tax reduction through an optimal choice of accounting methods. The structure of the regulatory framework is presented, and the impact of accounting policy on income tax revenues on Ukraine's budget and the state's fiscal stability is analysed. Although macroeconomic fluctuations significantly affected tax revenues (particularly the decline in 2022), the model contributed to a 34.3% increase in revenues to the state budget of Ukraine (+845.8 million euros) from 2019 to 2023. The most substantial growth was recorded in 2021 (+35.9%), coinciding with the active application of elements of the optimised accounting policy. This indicates the model's ability to adapt to a favourable economic environment and maximise the tax potential of enterprises.
Conclusions. The structure of the legal framework for accounting policy ensures increased transparency of accounting processes and efficiency of income tax administration in compliance with key accounting and taxation principles. Implementing this structure allows not only the elimination of inconsistencies between accounting and tax standards but also the development of a unified methodological approach to determining the corporate income tax base. The introduction of a model for accounting policy will allow the optimisation of tax obligations while ensuring transparency and legality in interaction with tax authorities
Assessment of Economic Greening Efficiency in Water Resource Management
Full text linkIntroduction. Climate change, water depletion, environmental pollution, and rising economic activities in water use demand greener production. This emphasises the need for efficient methods and the assessment of economic greening in water use for sustainable development by advancing a sustainable blue economy.
Aim and tasks. The study assesses the environmental efficiency of water use in Ukraine by analysing economic and environmental indicators. This study seeks to develop scientifically grounded methodological recommendations for improving enterprises' water use management.
Results. This study conducted an economic and environmental analysis of water use across Ukraine’s economic sectors based on statistical data for 2022. The analysis utilised indicators such as water productivity by sector, economic productivity per unit of polluted wastewater, and share of capital investments in wastewater treatment within the total environmental protection investments. The results show that water, sewerage and waste management companies, which are natural monopolies, impact pollution, water abstraction and water resources. These enterprises were responsible for 72% of all the volume of polluted wastewater emitted and 35.28% of all water abstraction. The water productivity (USD 0.29/m³) and economic productivity (USD 1.85/m³) per unit of polluted wastewater were the lowest among all sectors. This indicates that the sector consumes a large volume of water relative to its economic contribution and exerts a significant adverse environmental impact owing to the high level of wastewater pollution. However, the sector’s share of capital investments in wastewater treatment within its total environmental protection investments was 59.76%.
Conclusions. Based on the economic and environmental analysis of water use in the sectors of the Ukrainian economy, it is recommended that the level of influence of each enterprise in the sector on the state of water resources be assessed. Methodological recommendations for assessing the level of greening of economic activity in water use have been developed, consisting of four blocks: (i) assessment of water consumption efficiency; (ii) efficiency of wastewater management; (iii) compliance with regulatory requirements and social responsibility; (iv) assessment of innovations in the sphere of water use. Additionally, the calculation of an integrated indicator has been proposed, along with its interpretation according to an evaluation scale.Introduction. Climate change, water depletion, environmental pollution, and rising economic activities in water use demand greener production. This emphasises the need for efficient methods and the assessment of economic greening in water use for sustainable development by advancing a sustainable blue economy.
Aim and tasks. The study assesses the environmental efficiency of water use in Ukraine by analysing economic and environmental indicators. This study seeks to develop scientifically grounded methodological recommendations for improving enterprises' water use management.
Results. This study conducted an economic and environmental analysis of water use across Ukraine’s economic sectors based on statistical data for 2022. The analysis utilised indicators such as water productivity by sector, economic productivity per unit of polluted wastewater, and share of capital investments in wastewater treatment within the total environmental protection investments. The results show that water, sewerage and waste management companies, which are natural monopolies, impact pollution, water abstraction and water resources. These enterprises were responsible for 72% of all the volume of polluted wastewater emitted and 35.28% of all water abstraction. The water productivity (USD 0.29/m³) and economic productivity (USD 1.85/m³) per unit of polluted wastewater were the lowest among all sectors. This indicates that the sector consumes a large volume of water relative to its economic contribution and exerts a significant adverse environmental impact owing to the high level of wastewater pollution. However, the sector’s share of capital investments in wastewater treatment within its total environmental protection investments was 59.76%.
Conclusions. Based on the economic and environmental analysis of water use in the sectors of the Ukrainian economy, it is recommended that the level of influence of each enterprise in the sector on the state of water resources be assessed. Methodological recommendations for assessing the level of greening of economic activity in water use have been developed, consisting of four blocks: (i) assessment of water consumption efficiency; (ii) efficiency of wastewater management; (iii) compliance with regulatory requirements and social responsibility; (iv) assessment of innovations in the sphere of water use. Additionally, the calculation of an integrated indicator has been proposed, along with its interpretation according to an evaluation scale
Investment Risk Management in Major Stock Exchanges and SME Markets of Emerging Economies
Full text linkIntroduction. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are crucial in the economy by providing jobs, contributing to GDP, efficiently providing products and services where economies of scale are not needed and creating cash flows. However, SMEs encounter certain obstacles, with financial constraints being the major ones. SME markets have been perceived as another opportunity for SMEs to obtain external financing.
Aim and tasks. This study aims to analyse the interactions between major stock and SME markets in emerging economies, focusing on China, India, and Indonesia.
Results. The diagonal BEKK and DCC-GARCH models analyse the transitions between these stock markets. The study findings offer compelling evidence of dynamic conditional correlations across all markets and illustrate significant volatility spillovers among the SME markets. This correlation is evident both in the short and long periods. The evidence indicates that small- and medium-sized market volatility significantly affects larger markets. The findings reveal a substantial interplay between the major and SME stock markets in emerging economies, including China, India, and Indonesia. According to the diagonal BEKK and the DCC results, investors should not expect significant diversification benefits by including primary and SME market instruments in their portfolios. Investors should closely monitor the co-movements and transitions between these markets to optimise their portfolio diversification strategies.
Conclusions. Creating an environment and conditions that promote the growth of SMEs and improve resilience through specific fiscal alternatives, enhancing access to financing, and upgrading market infrastructure are essential. This study found substantial interplay between major and SME stock markets. Policymakers should be aware that SME market fluctuations influence larger stock exchanges and destabilise macroeconomic conditions, such as economic stability and growth. Therefore, regulatory actions that project the need and operational efficiency of stock market segments should be implemented to prevent adverse effects. For instance, transparency and risk management can stabilise SME stock markets to avoid volatility in larger markets