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Impact of Donor Milk on Short- and Long-Term Growth of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Get PDFMother’s own milk (MOM) reduces the risk of morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. When MOM is unavailable, donor breastmilk (DM) is used, with unclear impact on short- and long-term growth. This retrospective analysis compared anthropometric data at six time points from birth to 20–24 months corrected age in VLBW infants who received MOM supplements of preterm formula (n = 160) versus fortified DM (n = 161) during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. The cohort was 46% female; mean birth weight and gestational age (GA) were 998 g and 27.3 weeks. Multilevel linear growth models assessed changes in growth z-scores short-term (to NICU discharge) and long-term (post-discharge), controlling for amount of DM or formula received in first 28 days of life, NICU length of stay (LOS), birth GA, and sex. Z-scores for weight and length decreased during hospitalization but increased for all parameters including head circumference post-discharge. Short-term growth was positively associated with LOS and birth GA. A higher preterm formula proportion, but not DM proportion, was associated with slower rates of decline in short-term growth trajectories, but feeding type was unrelated to long-term growth. In conclusion, controlling for total human milk fed, DM did not affect short- or long-term growth
Allopatric Speciation in Asia Contributed to the Diversity Anomaly between Eastern Asia and Eastern North America: Evidence from Anchored Phylogenomics of Stewartia (Theaceae)
Get PDFPremise of research. The disjunct distribution of plant genera between eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) has long attracted the attention of biologists and biogeographers. For most genera that have been studied, there are more species in EA than in ENA, and the diversity anomaly may have resulted from the greater physiographical heterogeneity in EA than in ENA in conjunction with climate and sea level changes. However, few empirical studies have explicitly tested the association between species diversity and allopatric speciation events. The genus Stewartia (Theaceae) displays this diversity anomaly, with two species in ENA and 21 species in EA, but the phylogeny of this group has not been resolved because of insufficient data.
Methodology. Here, we sampled 15 species of Stewartia (65%) and generated data from over 500 nuclear loci using the anchored phylogenomic approach to produce a robust phylogeny of Stewartia. In addition, biogeographical analyses were performed to elucidate the natural history of Stewartia, including estimated times of divergence, ancestral areas, and speciation patterns.
Pivotal results. Our parsimony, Bayesian, and species tree analyses produced congruent phylogenies with high resolution of the interspecific relationships within Stewartia. Speciation in Asia was mostly allopatric between the Japanese Islands and the Asian continent during the Miocene and the early Pliocene, while the two ENA species represent lineages from different times, with S. malacodendron being the first lineage to split off from the remaining species and S. ovata coming later as sister to the deciduous species of Asian Stewartia.
Conclusions. The results provide direct evidence for the importance of allopatry in the differential diversity between EA and ENA
Opus: Spring 2018
Get PDFAn issue of Opus from spring 2018.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/opus_2010s/1012/thumbnail.jp
Something Creative Here: An Arts-Informed Discussion of Sustainability in Academic Libraries
Get PDFSponsored by the MiALA Fine Arts Interest Group, this panel will engage with issues of sustainability as informed by an arts-focused perspective. Individual panelists will present case studies from music collection development, an interdisciplinary information literacy assignment anchored in the music department, and an embedded qualitative research project with choreographers in order to discuss how the arts can inform a more diverse understanding of sustainability in academic libraries
Could Depression and Loss of Dignity Correlate with Requesting Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide? A Look at the Research from the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands
Get PDFEuthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are legal in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Colombia, and Canada. Physician-assisted suicide alone is legal in Switzerland and within the U.S. in Oregon, Washington, Montana, California, and Vermont. Public support in the United States and the Netherlands for the “right to die” has steadily increased since 1950. This research seeks to uncover the underlying reasons that patients request euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Signs of psychological depression and loss of dignity appear to be the main reasons for considering euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. In the United States, requests for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide correlated most strongly with loss of autonomy, not being able to enjoy everyday life activities, and loss of dignity. In the Netherlands, more than half of euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide cases contained loss of dignity as one of the reasons. In Canada, the desire for death in the terminally ill was higher for people who had higher ratings of pain, lower family support, and depressive symptoms. Of these, depression is the best predictor of the desire to die. Palliative care that respects individual differences and psychological treatment that emphasizes the therapeutic alliance would provide people with more years of meaningful living
Social Inclusion and Disability in the US and China: An International Context for Experiential Learning
Get PDFChildren with disabilities are a highly vulnerable group around the world, including in China (Cheung, 2013). However, China’s context differs in two notable ways: population size and lack of systematic means of delivering community-based services for people with disabilities (Fisher, Li, and Fan, 2012; UNICEF-EAPRO, 2012). This project focused on the study of community-based services in China and their role in the continuum of care for persons with disabilities. In addition, students and faculty participated in experiential learning and professional development through engagement with non-governmental organizations that focus on this population in the cities of Beijing, Xian, Zhengzhou, and Hong Kong. Students also participated in a range of professional activities, including providing training for parents who have children with disabilities, participating in home visiting sessions, and working closely with local service providers on self-identified areas of interest and need
The Anchor, Volume 132.11: November 21, 2018
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Living Tradition: Contemporary Ethiopian Christian Art from the Sobania Collection
Get PDFProduced by Storming the Castle Pictures for the Kruizenga Art Museum as a catalog for the exhibition “Living Tradition: Contemporary Ethiopian Contemporary Art from the Sobania Collection,” September 21 – December 15, 2018. Photography by the Kruizenga Art Museum, Neal Sobania, Raymond Silverman and Tom Wagner. Design by Tom Wagner.https://digitalcommons.hope.edu/kam_catalogs/1000/thumbnail.jp
Natural Sensations Evoked in Distal Extremities Using Surface Electrical Stimulation
Get PDFBackground: Electrical stimulation is increasingly relevant in a variety of medical treatments. In this study, surface electrical stimulation was evaluated as a method to non-invasively target a neural function, specifically natural sensation in the distal limbs.
Method: Electrodes were placed over the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow and the common peroneal and lateral sural cutaneous nerves at the knee. Strength-duration curves for sensation were compared between nerves. The location, modality, and intensity of each sensation were also analyzed. In an effort to evoke natural sensations, several patterned waveforms were evaluated.
Results: Distal sensation was obtained in all but one of the 48 nerves tested in able-bodied subjects and in the two nerves from subjects with an amputation. Increasing the pulse amplitude of the stimulus caused an increase in the area and magnitude of the sensation in a majority of subjects. A low frequency waveform evoked a tapping or tapping-like sensation in 29 out of the 31 able-bodied subjects and a sensation that could be considered natural in two subjects with an amputation. This waveform performed better than other patterned waveforms that had proven effective during implanted extra-neural stimulation.
Conclusion: Surface electrical stimulation has the potential to be a powerful, non-invasive tool for activation of the nervous system. These results suggest that a tapping sensation in the distal extremity can be evoked in most able-bodied individuals and that targeting the nerve trunk from the surface is a valid method to evoke sensation in the phantom limb of individuals with an amputation for short term applications