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The Anchor, Volume 132.16: February 6, 2019
Get PDFThe Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor\u27s history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular
Experimental and Computational Electrochemistry of Quinazolinespirohexadienone Molecular Switches – Differential Electrochromic vs Photochromic Behavior
Get PDFOur undergraduate research group has long focused on the preparation and investigation of electron-deficient analogs of the perimidinespirohexadienone (PSHD) family of photochromic molecular switches for potential application as photochromic photooxidants for gating sensitivity to photoinduced charge transfer. We previously reported the photochemistry of two closely related and more reducible quinazolinespirohexadienones (QSHDs), wherein the naphthalene of the PSHD is replaced with a quinoline. In the present work, we report our investigation of the electrochemistry of these asymmetric QSHDs. In addition to the short wavelength and photochromic long-wavelength isomers, we have found that a second, distinct long-wavelength isomer is produced electrochemically. This different long-wavelength isomer arises from a difference in the regiochemistry of spirocyclic ring-opening. The structures of both long-wavelength isomers were ascertained by cyclic voltammetry and 1H NMR analyses, in concert with computational modeling. These results are compared to those for the symmetric parent PSHD, which due to symmetry possesses only a single possible regioisomer upon either electrochemical or photochemical ring-opening. Density functional theory calculations of bond lengths, bond orders, and molecular orbitals allow the rationalization of this differential photochromic vs electrochromic behavior of the QSHDs
Comparison of Charge Storage Properties of Prussian Blue Analogues Containing Cobalt and Copper
Get PDFPrussian blue analogues are of great interest as alternative battery materials because of their long life cycle and potential use of earth-abundant elements. In this work, thin film mixed-metal hexacyanoferrates (HCFs) based on NiCo and NiCu alloys were fabricated in an all electrochemical process. The structure and composition of the samples were characterized, along with the charge storage capacity and kinetics of the charge transfer reaction. For both NiCo-HCF and NiCu-HCF samples, the total charge capacity increased with the substitution of Ni with more Co or Cu, and the increase was larger for Cu samples than for Co samples. On the other hand, the charge storage kinetics had only a modest change with substituted metal, and these effects were independent of the amount of that substitution. Thus, the mixed-metal HCFs have promise for increasing overall storage capacity without negatively influencing the rate capability when used in battery applications
Worldview Conflict in Daily Life
Get PDFBuilding on laboratory- and survey-based research probing the psychology of ideology and the experience of worldview conflict, we examined the association between worldview conflict and emotional reactions, psychological well-being, humanity esteem, and political ideology in everyday life using experience sampling. In three combined samples (total N = 328), experiencing disagreement compared to agreement was associated with experiencing more other-condemning emotions, less well-being, and less humanity esteem. There were no clear associations between experiencing disagreement and experiencing self-conscious emotions, positive emotions, and mental stress. None of the relationships were moderated by political ideology. These results both replicate and challenge findings from laboratory- and survey-based research, and we discuss possible reasons for the discrepancies. Experience sampling methods can help researchers get a glimpse into everyday worldview conflict
Music Programs in Urban Schools
Get PDFIt is important to implement and maintain a music program within an urban school containing a high population of at-risk students. With the awareness of mental illness increasing, we are more knowledgeable of the cognitive deficits caused by ongoing abuse and neglect--often called complex trauma. The effects music can have on the brain combats the negative cognitive and emotional impacts of complex trauma, which is essentially the goal of music therapy. Not every child has the opportunity and/or means to experience music therapy. However, if music programs are offered in schools, kids can reap the positive benefits of music by participating in their school’s program. The role of the teacher as well as the type of music studied in school can have incredibly positive impacts on the student(s) as well. In order to reach the full potential of the positive effects of music, the teacher needs to take time to get to know and invest in their students. Additionally, they need to be willing to be creative and flexible with the curriculum. This might mean turning to nontraditional genres, including hip hop or rap. There is no formula for the perfect music program in an urban setting, but what is important is that one is implemented and shaped in a way that will best benefit the students and their well-being
CASA Enrichment Program 2018
Get PDFChildren’s After School Achievement (CASA) is located on the Hope College campus, and it serves at-risk students in the community during an after-school enrichment program. Collaborating with special education teacher candidates, the CASA elementary children were assessed using the Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills subtests in WR (word recognition), OR (oral reading), and RC (reading comprehension) for the Fall of 2018. These same assessments were given to the identical CASA students by the same teacher candidates in the Spring of 2018. The purpose of this study was to examining the results from t-tests and an ANOVA (significant .05) to gauge whether the CASA reading interventions improved CASA students’ reading skills
Phelps Scholars Alumni Project
Get PDFThe Phelps Scholars Program is in 20th year and has grown from 39 students at its inception to 90-100 students. While its commitment remains to provide first-year students with an intentional and diverse living and learning experience focused on race, culture and community, this project set out to review its impact on participants’ lives over the years. Through a survey and interviews, data was gathered regarding how the program shaped participants’ Hope College experience, career trajectory and life choices. This information will be used to tell the story of the Phelps Scholars Program while informing and strengthening this important first-year experience program
Analysis of Photoreceptor Development in Pekin Duck
Get PDFThe Pekin duck is a valuable agricultural commodity in the U.S. Pekin ducks are seasonal breeders; they are sensitive to light and thus, research on the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses are needed to overcome technological limitations. There is compelling evidence that specific wavelengths of light are required to improve the growth and welfare of meat (grow out) ducks. For example, blue light may not be ideal for grow out ducks due to considerably increased motor activity, significantly decreased body weight and increased serum corticosterone (cort) levels. Therefore, our objective is to determine the role of both deep brain photoreceptors (DBPs) and retina photoreceptors (RPs) during duck development. Two groups of ducks were raised with and without light over 21 days from egg laying, embryonic day zero. We then collected brain and retinal tissues of ducks at embryonic days 3, 7, 11, 16, and 21. To examine DBPs, we designed and created primers for 4 genes: OPN4, VAL-opsin, OPN5, and rhodopsin. For RPs, we designed and created primers for genes responsible for both cones (RH2, SWS1, SWS2, LWS opsins) and rods (rhodopsin, MAFA, IRBP in duck eye development. qRT-PCR was performed utilizing listed primers for DBP, RP rods, RP cones and reference gene, using 10 samples each for ducks raised in both light and dark conditions. RNA was then extracted from the tissue collected and qRT-PCR was performed. Understanding when these specific genes are upregulated across development will help the husbandry of duck by providing an ideal time for light usage during duck development. Future directions will determine which wavelength of light, at a specific time of development, is most suitable for grow out ducks
Hope College and the Vietnam War Era: We Only Started to Care When it Affected Us.
Get PDFThis project focuses on Hope College during the Vietnam War era. During this time, the draft created moral dilemmas for both students and faculty. When it started affecting themselves and people they knew, students felt that they needed to be educated about the war. The draft also meant that students sought deferments through such means as studying ministry, pre med, and other sciences. Hope students noticed that young men who were able to avoid the draft were usually privileged and not a part of the minority class. This led many Hope students to protest the draft and the war. These protests often led to social justice because they compelled the larger community to reevaluate the United States’ participation in the war. But these protests only became in earnest once the war hit home through the draft. As Hope alumnus Don Luidens said, “We only started to care when it affected us
An Effective Model for Engaging Faculty and Undergraduate Students in Neuroscience Outreach with Middle Schoolers
Get PDFEngaging undergraduate students in science outreach events is critical for improving future communication between scientists and community members. Outreach events are opportunities for faculty and undergraduates to utilize active learning strategies to engage non-scientists in scientific questions and principles. Through careful design of outreach events, undergraduate students can practice science communication skills while reaching populations of the public that remain underserved and underrepresented in scientific fields. Here we describe a classroom outreach event designed to give a broad overview of the field of neuroscience to middle school students of all backgrounds by delivering the content in school, during school hours. Through a variety of active learning strategies, middle school students learned about basic structures of the brain and their corresponding functions. Additionally, these students participated in demonstrations during which they generated and tested their own hypotheses and learned about sensory transmission and responses. We designed the lesson to meet the educational goals for middle school students, fulfilling the criteria for the Next Generation Science Standard MS-LS1-8 (NGSS Lead States, 2013). We evaluated the impact of the event on both undergraduate student instructors and middle school participants. Our results demonstrate that these outreach events effectively deliver new content to middle school students while also reinforcing the importance and value of outreach to undergraduate instructors