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Utilization of Natural Coagulant in Turbidity Removal and Oxygen Demand Reduction
No full textAccess to clean water is the significant need in all nations on the planet in which a great many people and living life forms pass on because of tainted water-related ailments consistently. Various consequences have reported the direct and indirect toxic effects of alum in the form of allergies, tumours and cancers. To exchange alum as coagulants, the mixture of pomegranate peel and banana peel used as coagulants in liquid treatment via coagulation-flocculation procedures were examined. pH and coagulants amount were identified for the mixtures of banana peel with pomegranate peel. The investigation conducted found that pomegranate peel can be a good coagulant which can absorb Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. The Dehydration method is found to be more efficient for both pomegranate and banana peels. The most elevated turbidity evacuation rate could be accomplished at arrangement pH of 5-9, 4ml/250ml of bio-flocculant to turbid water measurements. In order to minimize dependency on conventional chemical coagulant, various proportion of banana peels and pomegranate peel (bio-flocculant) to alum was used to achieve the best turbidity removal percentage. For river water and pond water turbidity removal efficiency is 86.32% and 90% using natural coagulant
Development of a Highly Sensitive Method for Quantitative Estimation of Dimethyl Sulfate Impurity in Neostigmine Methylsulfate Drug substances by Using GC-MS
No full textA selective and highly sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of Dimethyl Sulfate (DMS) impurity in Neostigmine Methylsulfate drug substance. The method was validated as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, for which limit of detection and limit of quantitation obtained were 25.48 ppm and 77.20 ppm, respectively. The regression coefficient found for the linearity study was 0.9986. The recovery of the spiked Dimethyl Sulfate in drug substance obtained was in the range of 84.40% to 88.24% ensured the accuracy of the method The method precision with relative standard deviation (RSD) for repeatability and intermediate precision was less than 5%. The method can be adapted to determine Dimethyl Sulfate in Neostigmine Methylsulfate drug substance (API)
Opportunistic Routing using Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in our daily life for monitoring and controlling application because of it’s unique features such as low power consumption, reduced cost, and implementation with ease. To improve the lifetime of wireless sensor networks energy efficient routing protocol is very necessary to choose in the network layer of WSN. A comparative analysis based on performance and energy consumption referring to opportunistic routing algorithm is done. It is being evaluated in terms of energy consumed, packets lost, flow rate and throughput. We see that Opportunistic routing algorithm performs way better than the entire traditional routing algorithm. The results provided show that Opportunistic routing give significant improvement in power consumption
Underground Drainage Monitoring System
No full textIndia has taken up the initiative of developing smart cities hence there is a need for designing proper underground infrastructure which includes underground water pipelines, drainage monitoring for the purpose of keeping the city clean. If the drainage system is not monitored properly it may lead to blockage and sewage overflow which in turn leads to contamination of pure water resulting in spreading of infectious diseases. An underground drainage monitoring system is designed which has various sensors that detect the overflow of the sewage, level of drainage, the concentration of harmful gases within the manhole, flow rate and sends the information to the authority via GSM module
Detection and Classification of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia from Blood Smear Images Using Supervised Pattern Classifier
No full textLeukemia is a blood cancer that causes abnormalities in the lymphatic system of our body. It is considered as one of the fatal diseases in our country. Among all the types of leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the fast growing disease. Hence, early detection of this disease is needed in order to provide the required treatment to the victims. In this paper, the detection and classification of ALL and its subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) is done by multiclass SVM classifier based on the features extracted from nucleus and cytoplasm of the blast cell (where abnormal leucocytes are known as ‘blast cells’). We tested our model on 100 images, which contains 35 healthy cells, 37 L1 type cells, 9 L2 type cells and 19 L3 type cells. The results acquired shows that SVM classifier obtained better results for two cells classification since obtained accuracy of 2 class SVM classifier (Healthy, Malignant) is higher than the accuracy achieved for 4 class SVM classifier with ECOC technique (Healthy, three ALL subtypes)
Automating Homes using Economic Embedded System
Full text linkIn a previous couple of years, innovation has developed at a rapid. Additionally, human lives have turned out to be more subject to electronic gadgets and machines. It has along these lines driven us to build up an automated home system. The prominence of automated homes has been expanding boundlessly lately because of substantially higher moderateness and effortlessness. Having the capacity to control parts of our homes, and for having the component to react consequently to occasions, it is winding up increasingly prevalent and essential because of security and cost purposes. This paper presents to execute a coordinated home automation system; proposing a minimal effort arrangement utilizing the off rack parts decrease price and open source programming to find rudimentary programming skills to empower any guileless client to work the machines. To show the practicality and adequacy of this system, gadgets such Arduino UNO which controls sensors and actuators that screen a characterized area and make a move in view of determined parameters like encompassing light, temperature and so on. The Arduino can likewise send alarms in the event that it distinguishes an irregularity. The project consists of 3 feedback channels/sensors and employs the use of PWM technique to vary the voltage levels of the LED and DC-motor.
Smart Bus Ticket Vending Machine
Full text linkIt is indeed a fact that everyone does regularly travel in the city buses. But these days, the online cab booking has struck the government city buses profit very badly. People usually prefer cabs instead of city buses, as people feel more comfortable in cabs than buses. Changing the city bus system according to the following idea would bring a huge difference in number of passengers travelling in buses. The ticket machines which are now being used need to be upgraded, such that it will have GPS module and internet connectivity (for cloud connection)
Topology Optimization & Analysis of Front Suspension Bracket using Creo
Full text linkTopology optimization is one of the powerful tool to optimize any structure. It is used at the concept level of the design process so that a conceptual design proposal can be fine-tuned for performance and manufacturability. In automotive sector, design of suspension systems is always challenging due to the heavy loads the system is exposed to and the long-life requirements for the total system for heavy transport vehicles [2]. The design phase followed by analysis phase is very time consuming which leads to cost as well. The topology optimization helps to replace these time consuming and costly design iterations which reduces design development time and overall cost while improving design performance.. Using Creo topology optimization, one can find the best concept design that meets the design requirements. Topology optimization is based on the principle of finite element methods (FEM)
Simulation Study of Double Gate FinFETs using Different High-K
No full textA 2-Dimensional (2D) FinFET simulation is presented in this study.The simulation studies are conducted based on electrical parameters such as surface potential, electric field, transfer characteristics, threshold voltage and sub threshold swing using nanohubmultiple gate field effect transistors(MUGFET) simulator. These characterization studies are performed to investigate the performance of FinFETs based on different channel width and show a better performance for lower channel width withthreshold voltage shift of 0.2 V.Further, the transfer characteristics for the device are compared with silicon dioxide and titanium oxide, as oxide material for different drain biases. Findings have shown that the device with titanium oxide as dielectric material performs better compared to silicon dioxide counterpart, where the on-statecurrent increased with decreased off current
Study of Impact on Carbon Nanotubes by Electrochemical Treatment
No full textThe temperature conditions of electroconductivity of beginning and electrochemically hydrogenated tapered CNTs were researched by utilizing four-test van der Pauw strategy. The investigations uncovered that the electrochemical hydrogen ingestion leaded to a critical decrease in the electroconductivity of cone shaped carbon nanotubes. We expect that these progressions can be related with a reduction in the centralization of charge bearers because of hydrogen limitation on the carbon π-orbitals, the change from sp2 to sp3 hybridization of cone shaped CNTs band structure, and, in this way, a metal-semiconductor-cover progress