International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Exploring Gender Bias in EFL Classrooms: A Study of Teacher-Student Interactions and Learning Outcomes
Full text linkGender bias in teacher-student interactions remains a pervasive issue within educational research, influencing students' academic participation, engagement, and performance in subtle yet profound ways. The present study investigates gender bias in teacher-student interactions within English as a Foreign Language classrooms in Iranian higher education, exploring its impact on learning outcomes. Adopting a constructionist perspective, the study posits that classroom behaviors are socially constructed and influenced by societal norms. Findings revealed significant gender disparities: male students were called on more frequently received more positive feedback, and were more often assigned leadership roles. Female students reported lower confidence and motivation, attributing this to perceived bias in teacher interactions. Both students and teachers identified strategies to mitigate bias, such as equal participation opportunities and teacher training. The study underscores the pervasive nature of gender bias in EFL classrooms and its detrimental effects on female students' academic engagement and outcomes, calling for targeted interventions to foster equity
Vitagen Technologies for the Developing Media Mentality of Youth
Full text linkThis paper explores the application of vitagen technologies in shaping the media mentality of youth in the digital age. Drawing on recent literature and empirical studies, it analyzes how digital tools influence cognitive, emotional, and social development among adolescents. The study emphasizes both the empowering potential of media engagement and the challenges posed by digital environments. By evaluating educational frameworks, media literacy initiatives, and social media behavior, the paper highlights strategies for integrating youth into digital culture responsibly. The research advocates for balanced, context-sensitive approaches to media education, fostering critical thinking and emotional resilience in a rapidly evolving media landscape
Exploration of the Potential of Weeds as Medicinal Plants in Local Medicine Traditions
Full text linkHerbal medicines come from wild plants as a safe and relatively easy-to-obtain alternative family medicine. Based on ethnobotanical analysis, several weed species have the potential as raw materials for traditional medicines that are used by the community as alternative medicines. The results of interviews with several residents in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, the community often uses leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and seeds of weeds as raw materials for medicines and are said to be effective in curing certain diseases. South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia consists of four tribes, namely the Bolango, Gorontalo, Bolaang Mongondow, and Sangihe tribes, and still use weeds as traditional medicine ingredients. South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province has a wealth of traditional medicinal plants that are processed into herbal medicines. The purpose of the study was to obtain data on the types of weeds that have the potential as medicinal plants used by the community in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency including Molibagu, Kombot, and Popodu Villages. The methods used in this study were field observation, interviews with informants, and communities that use weeds as traditional medicinal plants. Data were taken from 3 (three) villages and each village consisted of 5 (five) communities that use weeds as medicinal plants. The results of the interview showed that there were several residents in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency, who often used leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and seeds of weeds as raw materials for medicine and were said to be able to cure certain diseases. 15 types of weeds have the potential as medicinal plants and can be utilized by the community in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Village healers and the community in South Bolaang Mongondow Regency still use weeds as a mixture of traditional medicine
The Significance of Phantasmagoria in the Love Lyrics of W. B. Yeats’s the Wild Swans at Coole
Full text linkThis study studies the significance of phantasmagoria in the personal love lyrics included in The Wild Swans at Coole. Yeats’s phantasmagoria is extensive and has multiple facets, for it can be traced in various forms in different poems. Its vivid presence can well be noticed in the elegies, personal love lyrics, and philosophical poems of The Wild Swans at Coole. Yeats speaks of the significant role of phantasmagoria in the preface to The Wild Swans at Coole and introduces it a means through which he can express his convictions of the world. The poet, according to Yeats, never speaks directly; there is always a phantasmagoria involved. The term phantasmagoria can be regarded as a key concept in Yeats’s The Wild Swans at Coole. A deep interpretation of the personal love lyrics of this collection necessitates a close study of the images and symbols constructing the related phantasmagoria.
Manifestations of Restorative Justice in Afghan Criminal Law
Full text linkRestorative justice is a fresh area of research for scholars in anthropology and sociology and sometimes in criminal law. This area of study sees the crime as conflict between the victim and his criminal. From this perspective, the contemporary idea attempts to address the crime problem. One main concern of such restorative tendencies is to protect the victim or ensure compensation for losses sustained by the victim. Supporters of this restorative philosophy have attempted to define and specify objectives and principles for it. However, an analysis shows that an instance of restorative thought is expressed only in a few laws under review in Afghanistan, whereas some laws have restorative impact due to their date of enactment. Beyond legislation, jirgas and the people's councils for the settlement of disputes have these traces of restorative justice, and the laws of Afghanistan and the legislators of Afghanistan try to recognize these councils and to reform them while trying to resolve small disputes through these councils. This article applies an analytical-descriptive approach to examining the laws
Diagnostic Test Research Trends In Science Education: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThis study examines research trends related to diagnostic tests in science education from 2018 to 2023, emphasizing their role in enhancing educational quality. The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) following PRISMA guidelines, utilizing the Scopus database as the primary source. A total of 673 articles were initially identified, and 53 met the inclusion criteria for further evaluation. The findings underscore the critical role of diagnostic tests in identifying misconceptions, improving conceptual understanding, and assessing students' reasoning skills and affective dimensions. Research trends indicate a notable increase in publications on this topic in 2023. Further analysis using VOSviewer reveals that misconceptions are the most frequently associated aspect with diagnostic tests, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnostic assessments in educational research
International Jurisdiction and International Crimes in the Afghanistan Penal Cod
Full text linkGlobal jurisdiction and international crimes as the latest achievement of human society, which is the result of new experiences of penal systems at the global level and some national systems, has enacted in the new Afghanistan Penal Code. Universal jurisdiction is the newest exception to the principle of territoriality of jurisdictions. Based on this jurisdiction, Afghan courts can even deal with crimes that neither the perpetrator nor the victim are related to Afghanistan, nor is the place of occurrence in Afghanistan, nor is it committed against national interests or Afghan nationals. International crimes are the most heinous criminal behaviors that hurt the collective conscience of the human society, disturb the order and security at the global level, and create a feeling of fear and insecurity in a wide circle, for all people, in it creates wherever they are. The common strategy of human society against this type of anti-human behavior has been to identify examples, criminalize and create coercive enforcement guarantees. Criminalization, due to the involvement of the governments themselves, first took place in the international arena and then reflected in the domestic systems. The result of this process is the criminalization of four new categories of crimes in the Penal Code, which has enacted in 11 articles in the form of 69 general titles and 123 criminal acts, and Afghan courts, in addition to territorial jurisdiction, have given global jurisdiction to deal with them
When Desire Dominates Reason: Public Belief’s in the Practice of Multiplying Money in the Modern Era
Full text linkThis article discusses the public's belief in the practice of multiplying money in the modern era. This study reveals that there are strong factors that make the practice of multiplying money still very attractive from year to year. The research method used is interpretative qualitative with data obtained from online news pages. The results of the study show that the main factor causing people to still believe in the practice of multiplying money is the nature of materialism which makes people more consumptive and has a desire to achieve instant wealth without going through a long and winding process to be very dominant
Unilateral Termination in Law and Practice
Full text linkUnilateral termination in law and practice refers to the termination or cancellation of an agreement or contract by one party without the consent of the other party. This phenomenon often occurs in various contexts, both in business contractual relationships and personal relationships, such as rental agreements or employment contracts. Legally, unilateral termination is generally regulated to ensure legal certainty and protection of the rights of the parties involved. In law, unilateral termination can occur if one party materially breaches the terms of the agreement. These terms can include financial obligations, performance, or other agreed terms. Contract law usually provides an opportunity for the injured party to file a lawsuit or claim for damages. However, this process often involves legal complexities that require proof of violation and bad faith or negligence on the part of the party terminating the contract. In practice, unilateral termination often has significant impacts, such as financial losses, reputational damage, and social impacts on the affected party. Therefore, many contracts include dispute resolution clauses to deal with issues arising from unilateral termination. This can be in the form of mediation, arbitration, or court. The existence of this clause aims to minimize conflict and ensure a fair resolution mechanism for all parties. Overall, although unilateral termination is common in legal practice, it is important to thoroughly understand the applicable legal provisions and the implications of such action in order to protect the rights and interests of all parties involved
Study of Character Education Values in the Sekar Yudhaningrum Dance Movements at Sanggar Semarak Candra Kirana Surakarta (A Charles Sanders Peirce Semiotics Perspective)
Full text linkThis study focused on examining the meaning of the variety of movements in the Sekar Yudhaningrum dance and the character education values embedded within them. The research method was qualitative, using a descriptive analysis approach that applied Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory and character education principles. The techniques used for data collection consisted of interviews, observations, and document analysis. Primary data were obtained from in-depth interviews and direct observations of the structure and movement forms of the Sekar Yudhaningrum dance through rehearsals and performances. Secondary data consisted of photo documentation, videos, and literature related to the Putri Gaya Surakarta (traditional Javanese dance style from Surakarta) and character education. Data analysis was carried out using an interactive approach involving data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings indicated that the Sekar Yudhaningrum dance encompassed meanings and character education values that were expressed through its various movements, namely: Lumaksana movement, olah gendewa, ingok-ingok, lembehan, jurus perangan, olah samparan, and perangan cundrik. The meanings of these movements included: (1) a sense of confidence, (2) a posture of alertness, (3) readiness to face challenges, (4) calmness, (5) cleverness and strategy, and (6) self-control against desires. The character education values in the dance were (1) hard work, (2) discipline, (3) independence, and (4) responsibility