International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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National Security Strategy of the United States of America
Full text linkThe United States National Security Strategy outlines key military, political, and economic objectives in both domestic and foreign domains and aligns the nation's resources, capabilities, and methods to achieve these goals and ensure national security. U.S. National Security Strategy documents are divided into two categories:1. Core Documents: These include the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, the Quadrennial Defense Review, and the National Military Strategy, all necessary for transparency and public information.2. Supplementary Documents: These include the National Strategy for Homeland Security, the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, the National Intelligence Strategy, the Cybersecurity Strategy, the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, and the Quadrennial Intelligence Community Review, which are not mandated by Congress
Fostering Mathematical Conceptual Understanding through ChatGPT-Assisted Discovery Learning
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of the Discovery Learning model assisted by ChatGPT on students’ mathematical conceptual understanding. Employing a quasi-experimental Non-Equivalent (Pretest–Posttest) Control Group design, two classes participated: one received instruction through Discovery Learning integrated with ChatGPT, while the control group was taught using Direct Instruction. The conceptual understanding test, validated and confirmed reliable, assessed five indicators of mathematical understanding. The results revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly higher posttest scores and greater normalized gains (N-Gain = 0.212) compared to the control group (N-Gain = 0.131). Notably, the most substantial improvement occurred in transforming mathematical representations. These findings suggest that incorporating ChatGPT within Discovery Learning fosters deeper conceptual understanding through adaptive feedback, guided reasoning, and reflective engagement, highlighting its potential as an effective pedagogical innovation for mathematics education in the digital era
The Significance of Phantasmagoria in the Elegies of W. B. Yeats’s The Wild Swans at Coole
Full text linkThis study studies the significance of Yeats’s phantasmagoria and discusses its constructive role in the elegies included in The Wild Swans at Coole. Yeats’s phantasmagoria is extensive and has multiple facets. It can be traced in various forms in different poems. Its vivid presence can well be noticed in the elegies, personal love lyrics, and philosophical poems of The Wild Swans at Coole. Yeats speaks of the significant role of phantasmagoria in the preface to The Wild Swans at Coole and introduces it a means through which he can express his convictions of the world. The poet, according to Yeats, never speaks directly; there is always a phantasmagoria involved. The term phantasmagoria can be regarded as a key concept in Yeats’s The Wild Swans at Coole. A deep interpretation of the elegiac poems of this collection necessitates a close study of the images and symbols constructing the related phantasmagoria
Impact of Quizizz on Cooperative Learning in English Reading Classrooms: A Qualitative Analysis Using the UTAUT Framework
Full text linkThis study examines the integration of Quizizz in Indonesian middle school English reading classrooms, focusing on cooperative learning environments. The research collected data through open-ended questionnaires based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, involving 30 students who had prior experience with Quizizz. The findings show that students generally view Quizizz positively, noting its effectiveness in enhancing learning engagement and outcomes. Moreover, peer and teacher influences, coupled with reliable facilities, significantly increase students' willingness to use Quizizz. Despite these positive perceptions, some students still prefer traditional learning methods. Additionally, a few students initially face challenges with navigation and feel pressured by the competitive aspects of Quizizz. These insights highlight the importance of refining educational technologies to better accommodate the diverse preferences and needs of students in English language education. To maximize the benefits of Quizizz, it is essential to provide adequate support and training for both students and teachers. By doing so, educators can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment that leverages technology to engage students and improve their learning outcomes. This study emphasizes the need for continuous improvement and adaptation of educational tools to ensure they meet the varied needs of all learners, fostering a more supportive and cooperative classroom atmosphere
A Phenomenological Inquiry into Digital Literacy through the Experiences of a Digital Immigrant Teacher
Full text linkBeing digitally-savvy is important, but there is an even more important aspect that goes beyond simply being digitally savvy, and that is being digitally literate. This study examines the lived experiences of a digital immigrant teacher, with particular attention to the use of technology in teaching and the role of digital literacy in supporting these practices. Qualitative research, especially phenomenological research, was equipped as the research design of this study. This research was conducted at one of the senior high schools in Teluk Kuantan with one participant involved in this study. The findings highlight several key themes, including his motivation to teach, emotional resilience, professional growth, classroom technology integration, adaptation to new teaching media, awareness of digital literacy, and both the challenges and benefits of using technology. In conclusion, despite still showing characteristics of a digital immigrant, the participant was still able to integrate digital tools effectively and maintain a positive attitude toward technology. This study suggests that digital literacy should be strengthened among teachers through training and workshop so that they can not only improve their teaching practices but also guide students in becoming critical and responsible users of digital information. Moreover, the contribution of this study lies in offering practical understanding of how digital literacy shapes teaching practices in real classroom contexts. Insights can inform schools and policymakers in designing programs that respond to the needs of teachers and students in the digital era
Analysis of the Needs for Culture and Literature-Based Teaching Materials for Middle-Level BIPA Students at Yogyakarta State University
Full text linkThis study aims to explain the application of BIPA teaching materials based on culture and literature and analyze the needs of teaching materials based on culture and literature at Yogyakarta State University. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, namely by explaining objects in detail, real, and according to facts. Data collection techniques used in this study are through observation, interviews, and distributing questionnaires to BIPA learners and teachers at Yogyakarta State University. The results of the study indicate that learning Indonesian for foreign speakers at Yogyakarta State University uses BIPA teaching materials based on culture and literature created by lecturers in charge of the course with reference to the 2017 BIPA Graduate Competency Standards (SKL). In addition, digital teaching materials based on culture and literature are needed that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, and interactively
Free Trade System and Its Challenges
Full text linkThis article examines the major challenges facing the free trade system. The research findings indicate that the global free trade regime currently faces several significant obstacles; regional conflicts, existing political crises and related economic sanctions, the emergence of new trade patterns such as electronic commerce, global supply chains, and the outdated mechanisms for dispute resolution within the WTO are among the key challenges of this system. However, extreme nationalism, exemplified by Donald Trump, constitutes the greatest threat to the free trade system. By accusing others, especially China, of unfair practices and completely disregarding the principles governing the international economic legal framework, he acts accordingly. His retaliatory tariffs have nullified the achievements of the seventy-year-old GATT and WTO. Failure to seriously address these challenges could lead to decreased investments, trade contraction, global economic recession, and ultimately the collapse of the free trade system. Therefore, structural reforms, strengthening dispute resolution mechanisms, and aligning national policies with international principles are essential solutions, rather than neglect, extreme nationalism, retaliatory tariffs, and similar measures
Audiobooks to Enhance Students’ Reading Comprehension: A Classroom Action Research in A Remote Senior High School
Full text linkReading comprehension is a crucial skill for academic success, yet many students in remote areas struggle with this competency due to limited resources, traditional teaching methods, and low motivation. This classroom action research was conducted to investigate the integration of audiobooks as a pedagogical tool to enhance students’ reading comprehension at a remote senior high school in Indonesia. The study aimed to describe the implementation process, examine its impact on the students' comprehension, explore the challenges encountered, and analyze students’ responses. The Classroom Action Research (CAR) was designed based on the model of Kemmis and McTaggart (1988), consisting of three iterative cycles: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were the eleventh-grade science students, and data were collected through tests, observations, questionnaires, and interviews. Audiobook-based instruction was integrated into reading activities using narrative texts, enabling students to listen while reading and discuss content collaboratively.The first findings demonstrate that the implementation of Classroom Action Research (CAR) led to significant improvements in student engagement and reading comprehension. Key factors contributing to this improvement included the integration of audiobook-based texts with pre-lesson questions, the creation of vocabulary lists for unfamiliar words, and the implementation of group discussions as a strategy to foster active participation and enhance student motivation. The second findings revealed a significant increase in students' reading comprehension, evidenced by rising average post-test scores across cycles: from 68.70 in Cycle 1, to 72.56 in Cycle 2, and 75.48 in Cycle 3, compared to the pre-test average of 61.81. The third findings reveals that, although audiobooks were effective in enhancing students' reading comprehension, several technical and pedagogical challenges were encountered, particularly in remote or resource-limited settings. Issues such as poor audio quality, lack of personal listening devices, and unreliable internet access posed significant barriers to the successful implementation of audiobooks. Finally, the CAR process also revealed positive student responses, contributing to the overall success of the approach. The results showed that the average score across all students was 4.0 on a 1–5 scale, with 5 representing the most positive response. This indicated generally positive responses toward the use of audiobooks in the classroom
Enrichment Book Development Profile Reading Comprehension Using DRTA Strategy (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) Grade XI SMA
Full text linkThis study aims to explain the analysis of the needs of reading comprehension enrichment books using the DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) strategy as a research profile for developing enrichment book products. This research method is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected using interviews and distributing needs questionnaires to students and teachers. The focus of this needs analysis are lacks, needs, and wants in accordance with the theory of Nation and Macalitster. The results of the study based on the needs analysis indicate that students and teachers need reading comprehension enrichment books that are arranged with a sequential pattern of the DRTA strategy. This study is part of the initial study of the development of reading comprehension enrichment books with the DRTA strategy for grade XI high school
Developing E-Module Realistic Mathematics Education to Improve Problem Solving Abilities and Interest in Learning
Full text linkThis study aims to produce E-Modul using the RME approach to improve the problem solving abilities and interest in learning of Junior High School Students Class VIII that meet the criteria of valid, practical, and effective. This research is ADDIE model which goes through five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects of this research consisted of 30 class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Depok, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. The results show: (1) The RME E-Module has the characteristics of using contextual problems, developing mathematical models from real problems, students constructing their own, there are interactive activities, and connecting between topics or subjects. (2) Products and instruments meet valid criteria; (3) The practicality results of the E-Module reached a score of 90% by teacher assessment and 81.013% by student assessment, and learning implementation reached 94.44% thus meeting practical criteria; (4) The t-value in the hipothesis test is less than 0.05 so that E-Module meets the effective category