International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Political Factors of Expansion and Stabilization of Imᾱmῑ Shiism in Mazandaran
Get PDFThe emergence of Shiism in the east of the Islamic caliphate occurred in the first centuries with the presence of the Shiite Alawites, and the area of the shores of the Caspian Sea was considered one of their main bases. Their actions in this region led to many developments in various fields, which, in addition to Mazandaran, affected large areas of Iran and the Islamic world. Although the expansion of the Shiite school in Mazandaran is the result of several factors, each of which can be discussed in its place - in terms of history and formation, the present research aims to investigate the political factors of the formation of Shiism in Mazandaran. It seeks to answer the question, "What did political factors cause the expansion and stabilization of Imᾱmῑ Shiism in Mazandaran?" The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection has been done using library resources. The results show that the formation of local governments such as Bavandians, Mar'ashians, etc., as well as the political relations of scholars and local rulers, such as the actions of Sayed Haider Amoli and Abdur Rahim bin Ma'rouf Rostamdari, are among the factors that play a major role in the expansion and consolidation of Imᾱmῑ Shiism in Mazandaran
Student Perceptions of the Role of Guidance and Counseling Teachers Impact on Subjective Well-Being Ambon City High School students
Get PDFThis research aims to determine the influence of: (1) students' perceptions about the role of teachers guidance and counseling towards subjective well-being high school students in Ambon City. This study used a quantitative approach to the type of survey research. The minimum number of samples according to Isaac and Michael with a population of 10,661 is 264. The sampling technique used proportionate stratified random sampling with a sample of 314 students. The data collection technique used a scale, namely scale of students' perceptions about the role of guidance and counseling teachers, and scale of subjective well-being. The data were analyzed using path analysis, which had previously carried out various assumption tests, namely the normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The research results show that (1), there is a significant positive influence on students' perceptions of the role of guidance and counseling teachers' subjective well-being with a coefficient of 0.28
Problems, Solutions, and Treatments Text Translation
Get PDFIf culture is the source and method of creativity and manifestations of civilized society, then translation is an effective way to convey these aspects. The same applies to the definition of this method and creativity in another civilization. This issue will only be achieved by accessing this culture and getting to know it well. Likewise, when transferred, that process must be subject to honesty and accuracy, so that its privacy and important features are preserved. For this, the translator must know the meanings and rationale of the translated text, and other technical matters related to it. The same applies to the linguistic and cultural background of the translated text. The core of the translator's duty is to transfer the meaning or idiom from one language to another. The language usually contains what is implied by the person speaking or speaking in two tongues, or rather in two or more languages, and this stems from or comes from the interference that occurs as a result of the mixing that occurs by using a morphological, grammatical or linguistic system for a particular language during the process of using the conversion to another language. This change usually takes place at several levels, such as the grammatical and syntactic level, as well as the semantic level, and this case is called linguistics (linguistic overlap). Translation as a whole is a complex process that only those who are doing this effort or work realize, and therefore, the suffering of translators can only be felt by their peers in this arduous field. Whoever undertakes this work must be fully aware of the risks of this task and how there are intended or unintended translation errors that lead to the loss of rights and property of people, entities, or countries. Therefore, we are certain that the translator's duty is no less important than the fighter's duty on the battlefield, as both of them fight with their front and title and bear heavy responsibility.
Leadership Impact on Employee Well-being: The Growing Challenge of Burnout
Get PDFEmotional labour and labour intensity are terms often heard in the context of hospitality and tourism industry. The low wages, instability of jobs, external threats and interpersonal conflicts are examples of the stressors that have led to extensive burnout in the industry. Organisational leaders have a detrimental impact on the well-being and efficiency of the subordinates; thus, this research aims to identify which leadership approach would best reduce burnout. Examining McGregor’s X and Y theory, situational leadership theory and job demand resources (JD-R) theory allowed to identify key behaviours required to reduce burnout. After which different leadership styles were evaluated, to identify which possess these behaviours. Transformational leadership was identified to be positively associated with theory Y, situational leadership, and high organisational resources, all of which contribute to diminished burnout and higher organisational commitment. Hence, it emerged as the best fit. However, it was suggested that subordinates’ personal resources, and organisational climate should be considered simultaneously to understand its’ origin and impacts. This paper is a review article, which research is consisted of relevant data generated from online sources related to burnout, and leadership in hospitality and tourism industries
Some Morphological Features of the Language of the Works of Iskhak Khan Ibrat
Get PDFThis scientific work provides information on the morphological use of possessive, case forms of nouns, relational forms of verbs, and auxiliaries used in the text of prose, poetic, publicist works of the enlightened jadid writer Iskhak Khan Ibrat
Evaluating the Concept of Happiness in the Educational Philosophy of Nell Noddings and Criticizing it Based on the Traditions and Hadiths of the Infallible Imams (PBUH) in Order to Provide a Theoretical Framework and Validate It
Get PDFDaily happiness occurs in different dimensions of human life. The personal, social and academic life of people is full of components that each complete a part of their happiness. Man's achievement of happiness through each of the components in different dimensions of life requires the importance that man attaches to being happy and living happily. The purpose of the current research is to explain the concept of happiness in Nodding's educational philosophy and criticize it based on the traditions and hadiths of the infallible Imams (PBUH) in order to provide a theoretical framework and validate it by using the method of concept analysis, inference, criticism and focus group. Findings show that Noddings classifies happiness in three spheres of personal, social and school life, each of which has an effective role in creating and directing happiness. According to Islamic texts, matters related to happiness have realities that originate from divine monotheism, and what brings happiness is knowing these realities and adjusting oneself and living with them. Nodding's happiness due to the emphasis on biological and motivational characteristics, neglecting the religious dimensions of the components in creating happiness, being limited to the communication fields related to humans, others and everyday experiences and neglecting the fields of communication with God, emphasizing relativity Feminism, emphasis on partiality and ignoring the principle of comprehensiveness and the predominance of the feminine view over the religious view are criticized
Developing “Neurolinguistics in Elementary School” Textbook to Support Lectures in the Master of Elementary Education
Get PDFThis study aims to develop a textbook "Neurolinguistics in Primary Schools" to support lectures in Master of Elementary Education. The book is designed to help students understand the relationship between language and the nervous system, as well as its application in learning in elementary schools. The study used the ADDIE development model, focusing on the development stage, which includes material analysis, design, and validation by experts. The validation results show that the book is of excellent quality, with a score of 96% from the material expert and 97% from the linguist. The book is considered clear, relevant, and comprehensive in meeting learning needs. Practicality tests showed that students found it easy to understand, well-aligned with classroom contexts, and directly applicable to teaching. This textbook is expected to be an essential resource for students in integrating neurolinguistics into their teaching practices, while also contributing to the overall improvement of elementary education quality
The Lifestyle of Powerful Women in the Court of Qajar Period and Their Influence on the Spread of Western European Civilization in Iran
Get PDFIn the patriarchal system of the Qajar period (before the constitutional revolution), three groups of women were engaged in acting in the family and society within the framework of the traditional Iranian system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of powerful women of the court in spreading the new knowledge of Europe and the manifestations of its modernization such as the new school, newspaper, hospital, etc. in Iran. With a descriptive-analytical approach and using library resources, based on the analysis of themes in historical sources and documents, a collection of travelogues have been evaluated and analyzed. The first group, women with influence, elites and those with authority in the political and economic arena, including the mother, daughters and wives of the king and relatives of the court, whose actions have been influential in the internal situation of the harem or some social-political affairs. The second group of nomadic women, who played an important role in economic affairs. The third group is the mass of women in the society, although their family and individual lifestyles are not well documented, but their potential was effective in major social events and they interfered in the domain of the kingdom's power. Women (rich or poor) spent most of their lives in the private world of the family. They spent and dedicated their whole lives to the family. In spite of gaining literacy and education and acting as an interventionist in the political situation of the country, the influential women of the court did not take any action to spread the new sciences of Europe and its scientific manifestations such as school, newspaper, etc. and they did not even pay attention to the colonial aspect of the West in Iran
Forgotten Violence: Social and Cultural Contexts of Sibling Abuse in Afghanistan (A Case Study of Students - District 6 of Kabul)
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: The probability of a person being subjected to violence in the family is much higher than outside the family. The purpose of this research is to examine family violence, especially sibling violence among families in Kabul province, Afghanistan. Methodology: This research was conducted using a simple accessible sampling method with several 370 boys and girls in the families of Kabul using a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings and Conclusions: Descriptive findings show that among the families of Kabul city, physical abuse by siblings is 26.4%, psychological abuse by siblings is 26.4%, and lastly, siblings are sexually abused by 10.2%. is placed the age of the victim of sibling abuse was more than 16 years old in boys and girls (54.5%) had the highest frequency. 28% had the most sibling abuse in children 4 and later, 54.5% of Tajiks and 41.5% of early education had high levels of sibling abuse in their families. On the other hand, 37.6% of unemployed families, 36% of low-income families, 50% of parents living alone, and 54.4% of families with vehicles had more frequency of sibling abuse. Analytical findings show that the cultural and social characteristics of families, such as the level of parental education, poverty, and unemployment, have an effect on the level of violence between siblings, and students who have a lower level of family background than They told others, violence has become more prevalent among them. The results show that social factors and cultural levels within families are effective in the level of violence among children; therefore, if a society can strengthen the normative and cultural components of families through education, it can improve the health of families
Challenges of Crime Risk Management in Islamic Criminal Policy
Get PDFCrime risk management is a management strategy, economy-oriented and risk-oriented in the criminal policy of the Western society neoconservatives. Its purpose is to control and reduce crime in the society, following the example of "systemic management". The neoconservatives are actually seeking to protect the capitalist system by controlling dangerous criminals, supporting the prosperous and productive classes of society, and supporting free competition in economy and market. Because of predicting probability of crime risk and the use of technical and statistical preventive measures, this strategy is one of the most practical strategies in criminal policy. Nevertheless, because criminal actions in this strategy focus on the weak classes of society and control their criminals as dangerous criminals, it is discriminatory, based on the class structure and oppressive. Also, in this strategy, criminal measures, including disabling (removing) the criminal, are focused on the group and regardless of the individual, personality and human dignity of the criminal. Considering the applicability of this strategy, with the purpose of applying this strategy in the criminal policy of Islam, the present research has examined its structural, legal and value-based challenges by a descriptive and analytical method. The result of the research is the possibility of applying crime risk management in Islamic criminal policy, in special conditions and in relation to dangerous crimes and criminals, centered on justice and Islamic values