International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Ethical and Legal Protection of Drinking Water Resources in Islamic Jurisprudence (with Emphasis on Drinking Water Resources in Kabul)
Get PDFWater is a vital resource for all living beings. The increase in population and decrease in rainfall in many cities around the world have led to serious water scarcity and pollution of wells and water resources in countries. The expansion of industrial production has resulted in the release of pollutants into surface and groundwater in cities and farmlands of countries. Therefore, this research has been conducted in a library way to examine the views and solutions of Islamic jurisprudence on resolving the problems and preserving the health of drinking water resources and wells, especially in Kabul. The findings of this research are that to preserve the health of water resources, a legal or spatial boundary between neighboring wells or farmers is required to be 500 meters in soft land, but in hard land, at least 250 meters between them is necessary to prevent the resulting damages. However, the distance between a well and a septic tank is 2.5 meters in hard land, and at least 7 cubits or 3.5 meters in soft areas. This is to purify water pollutants and prevent the resulting damages to neighbors. The legal boundary approach has been stated to compensate for the damage caused by a well or a water canal. Moral boundary means the growth of human responsibility to prevent water and environmental pollution in Islamic jurisprudence. Natural pollutant filters for well and canal water are the elements of soil, sand, abundant or flowing water, and oxygen present in water in Islamic jurisprudence
The Influence of Workload and Personality on Organizational Commitment and Work Fatigue (Study on Nurses in Mataram City Hospital)
Get PDFThis study examines the effect of workload and personality on nurses' organizational commitment and work fatigue at Hospital of Mataram City. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the effect of workload, personality, and work fatigue on organizational commitment, to determine the significance of the effect of workload and personality on work fatigue, and to determine the mediating role of work fatigue variables in nurses. The population of this study were all nurses on duty at Hospital of Mataram City as many as 318 people, then the sample was taken using the Slovin formula so that a total of 77 nurses were obtained as respondents. This study uses structural equation model analysis with the smart PLS application. The results showed that workload and work fatigue had a significant negative effect on organizational commitment, while personality had a positive and insignificant effect on organizational commitment. Workload positively and significantly affects work fatigue, while personality has a significant influence on work fatigue in a negative direction. For the mediation of work fatigue in the effect of workload on organizational commitment of nurses at Hospital of Mataram, it was found that there was a partial mediating role, while in the effect of personality on organizational commitment a full mediating effect was found
Forms of Human Rights Violations in the Perspective of International Law in the Israel and Palestine Conflict
Get PDFHuman rights in various value systems and philosophies regarding humans and all aspects of their life. The main focus of human rights is human life and dignity. The conflict between Israel and Palestine is a form of human rights violation from the perspective of international law in the Israeli and Palestinian conflict, namely genocide against the Palestinian population, attacks on hospitals, oppression of journalists and cruelty against children. Israel's crime of aggression is the planning, preparation or implementation of acts of aggression in an effective position to exercise control over or direct the political or military actions of Palestinian leaders and their scale constituting real acts of aggression. An act of aggression which means a state uses armed force by a state against the sovereignty or political independence of another state.
The Effects of Game-Based Aerobic Gymnastics Element Training on Improving Arm Strength, Balance, and Flexibility in Athletes Aged 7-8 Years Old
Get PDFThe primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of game-based aerobic gymnastics element training on improving arm strength, right-left balance, and right-left flexibility in 7-8-year-old athletes. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the correlation between the game-based aerobic gymnastics element training method and improvements in arm strength, right-left balance, and right-left flexibility in athletes aged 7-8 years. This research employs a quasi-experimental design method with a nonequivalent control group design. The study population includes all 36 individuals comprising aerobic gymnastics athletes aged 7-8 years from the Gunungkidul aerobic gymnastics club and gymnasts aged 7-8 years who have participated in the DIY gymnastics festival. Purposive sampling is utilized for sampling in this study. The research findings reveal the following: (1) Significant impact exists on arm strength, right-left balance, and right-left flexibility in 7-8-year-old aerobic gymnast athletes through training with a game-based aerobic gymnastics element training model, evidenced by an F value of 4.082 and a statistically significant p-value of 0.006 (<0.05). The experimental group utilizing the game-based training method demonstrated superior enhancements compared to the control group employing regular element training. (2) A significant interaction is observed in the balance of aerobic gymnastics athletes aged 7-8 years when using the game-based aerobic gymnastics element training model, supported by an F value of 80.931 and a highly significant p-value of 0.000 (<0.05)
Factors Influencing Financial Management Behavior
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the effect of financial knowledge and financial attitude on financial management behavior, with self-efficacy acting as a mediating variable among Creative Economy MSME actors across Lombok Island. Employing a causal associative design with a quantitative approach, the sample consists of 100 respondents selected through proportional random sampling from the total MSME actor population. The results indicate that financial knowledge has a significant and positive impact on financial management behavior and self-efficacy. Conversely, financial attitude has an insignificant and positive impact on financial management behavior and on self-efficacy. Self-efficacy itself does not have a significant and positive effect on financial management behavior, nor does it mediate the relationship between financial knowledge and financial management behavior, or between financial attitude and financial management behavior. The study aims to provide valuable insights for MSME actors
Highlighting Into Early Childhood Teacher's Support of Children’s Physical Literacy Through Active Play
Get PDFThis study aims to find out the level and form of teacher support in active play as an effort to develop children's physical literacy. A strong base of physical literacy from an early age is believed to be a driving force for children to love physical activity throughout their lives. This study used a survey research approach by distributing questionnaires to 37 teachers from 5 early childhood education institutions in Jambi City. The data were analysis using descriptive statistics, namely describing the data that had been collected in the form of tables and histograms. The results of the study show that support as a motivator is the strongest support given by the teacher in active play, while support as a stage manager is the weakest support compared to other supports. Basically, highlighting teacher support in active play is a positive input for finding the best way to implement motor development and physical activity policies and practices for early childhood. Teachers play a crucial role in supporting children's physical literacy through active play. However, further research involving a larger sample and a variety of contexts may provide a deeper understanding of this topic. It should be noted that the quality of teacher support and involvement in active play is very important as an effort to help teachers find the best ways to develop and implement motor development and physical activity practices for early childhood. Appropriate teacher support and involvement in active play will be the main key in efforts to encourage the development of physical literacy from an early age
Investigating Letters of Credit and Marine Insurance in terms of FOB and CIF in Iraqi and Iranian Law
Get PDFThe International Chamber of Commerce has taken steps to standardize commercial procedures by setting Incoterms, and two important and widely used terms CIF and FOB in international trade law are provided in these rules. Two important contracts in the discussion of the use of the terms CIF and FOB are related to letters of credit or LC and marine insurance. Despite the fact that letters of credit have been able to help a lot to use the terms FOB and CIF and provide a more reliable environment for businessmen, but while the laws of both countries have accepted letters of credit in their banking system, due to the inappropriate infrastructure of banking laws, the regulations Internally, they face challenges in their implementation, and since the currency resources of both countries are sensitive, it seems that there is no room for criminalizing the abuse of letters of credit separately in the laws of Iran and Iraq. In the insurance contract, it seems that even though the regulations and laws related to insurance in Iranian law are more complete than in Iraqi law, but in marine insurance, the laws related to insurance companies in Iraqi law interact more with international trade law and use It has facilitated the business terms of FOB for the buyer and CIF for the seller. On the other hand, the sanctions against Iran have had an impact on both the letter of credit and marine insurance and have affected the country's economy, so that it has faced challenges in using the terms CIF and FOB, but the term CIF is supported in Iran. increased because the government tends to receive the most foreign currency in the export sector
Teaching the Knowledge of Making Nuclear Weapons from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
Get PDFTeaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence is the main issue of this research, the main question of the research is "What is the view of Islamic jurisprudence about teaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons?" This research, Baroosh Ijtihadi, argumentative and analytical, has given an answer to this question based on which it can be said that from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, teaching the knowledge of making nuclear weapons that leads to the production and use of weapons of mass destruction is forbidden according to the first ruling, but if it causes defensive deterrence. And there is nothing wrong with confronting or repelling the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy. However, at the time of the presence of Masoomin (peace be upon her), there was no trace of the knowledge of making nuclear weapons to express its verdict. However, in the article, the author considered its ruling to be usable from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence based on some Sharia proofs.
Criticism of Theory of Prophet's (PBUH) Learning from Monk Buhairᾱ'
Get PDFThe journey of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to Bilād al-Shām (Levant) and meeting with the monk Buhairᾱ' is one of the famous stories in the history books in recent centuries. Some orientalists, citing this meeting, have tried to identify Buhairᾱ' as the teacher of the Prophet (PBUH) and to adopt the teachings of Islam from Judaism and Christianity. This article, while presenting the opinions of orientalists about the learning of the Prophet (PBUH) from Buhairᾱ', criticizes this point of view and examines the role of Sunni traditions in creating this view. Using analytical-critical method based on rational and historical reasons, it has tried to prove that the opinion of orientalists has no scientific basis and is false for many reasons, some of which are as follows: not accepting the story by researchers; distortion of the sanad of these narrations; the existence of many differences and contradictions of some parts of the story; the Prophet's (PBUH) illiterate ('ummῑ) personality and the short duration of the meeting; not using the story by enemies of the Prophet (PBUH), Jews, and Christians; the existence of many differences and contradictions in the Jewish and Christian beliefs with the teachings of the Prophet (PBUH); and the miracles and challenges of the Qur'an on the inability of others to imitate it. Moreover, even if the meeting of Prophet (PBUH) with Buhairᾱ' happened, there was no reason for the Prophet (PBUH) to learn from him
Optimization of Agility Training Programs for Badminton Athletes: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground and Goal of Study: Agility plays a crucial role in the performance of badminton athletes. However, the effectiveness of agility training programs is still debated within the sporting community. This study aims to systematically review agility training programs to improve understanding of the factors that influence badminton athletes' agility and seek optimal methods to improve their performance. Improving the effectiveness of agility training programs may contribute significantly to the overall performance of badminton athletes. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a systematic review approach to comprehensively collect, evaluate, and synthesize data from previous studies on optimizing agility training programs for badminton athletes. Through this approach, the study aimed to identify, assess, and integrate the results of various studies conducted on agility training programs in badminton. Utilizing extensive electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, the study employed appropriate keyword search strategies to gather relevant literature. Results: Analysis of badminton athletes' training needs revealed several factors influencing agility, including speed, coordination, and flexibility. Evaluating the effectiveness of existing agility training programs revealed room for improvement, particularly in tailoring to individual needs and implementing more varied and structured training methods. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of a deeper understanding of the factors that influence agility and the application of appropriate training programs to improve the performance of badminton athletes. The results of this study provide a foundation for developing more effective and targeted agility training programs, which can contribute to the improved performance of badminton athletes at various levels of competition. In addition, the findings also underscore the importance of an individualized approach in designing training programs to meet each athlete's unique needs