International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Investigating the Role of Retaliation in Protecting Human Rights
Get PDFReligion and human rights have different dimensions, one of which is the relationship between retribution and human rights. With the formation of the concept of human rights and the emergence of international assemblies, in some documents published by these assemblies, a tendency towards abolishing the death sentence from the list of punishments is observed. The criminalization of intentional murder, and the legalization and implementation of retaliation in Islam, make it clear that this punishment not only does not violate human rights, but on the contrary, one of its most important goals is to restore human rights. Of course, it cannot be denied that there are aspects of retaliation, such as the execution of children under the age of 18, the difference between men and women, infidels and Muslims, etc. But this contradiction can be removed by applying the reservation, requiring retribution with the permission of the ruler, and applying the most important rule.
Comparative Study of Seller and Buyer Obligations in FOB and CIF Terms: An Examination of Iraqi and Iranian Law
Get PDFThis descriptive-analytical study adopts a comparative approach to examine the civil and commercial laws of Iran and Iraq, as well as international trade practices. In FOB contracts, the seller is obligated to deliver the goods on board the ship, while the buyer is responsible for chartering the vessel and paying the shipping costs. In CIF contracts, the seller, in addition to delivering the goods, is also obligated to enter into a contract for the carriage and insurance of the goods. In both types of contracts, the buyer is obligated to pay the price and take delivery of the goods. The laws of Iran and Iraq have many similarities regarding the parties' obligations in these contracts. However, the Iraqi Commercial Law provides more details on these obligations. Despite the similarities in the laws of the two countries, there are differences in the details and implementation of the obligations. In cases where the contract or law is silent, international commercial customs will govern. The results indicate that the definition of delivery of goods in Iranian law does not fully correspond to the FOB concept, as it places greater emphasis on physical possession of the goods. In contrast, Iraqi regulations are more in line with FOB standards. In the context of cargo insurance under CIF terms, while both countries comply with CIF requirements, Iraq has set more detailed requirements for the amount of insurance, which may lead to more complexities. Regarding packaging, Iraqi laws cover this topic more precisely, while Iranian regulations need amendments to better align with international standards. This comparative study can contribute to a better understanding of the parties' obligations in international trade contracts and reduce potential disputes
The Potential of Artists' Creativity in Producing Timorese Ethnic Juk Musical Instruments in Oekolo Village, North Central Timor Regency
Get PDFJuk music is a traditional musical instrument located on the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province with strumming techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the process of making juk music and analyze the potential creativity of Timorese ethnic juk music craftsmen in Oekolo village. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a focus on ethnographic methods. Data collection is carried out by observation, interview and documentation techniques. The subjects of the study were four people who had potential skills in producing Timorese ethnic juk music. The results showed that 1) there is a fairly high and significant potential for creativity through the five stages of the juk making process 2) New innovations were found in the making materials, designs, sizes and complements of attractive accessories, without losing the form of authenticity. The basic material for making juk music is utilizing kapok wood and plywood
Islam Modernism in the Middle East and Turkestan
Get PDFIn the article, the author explains the meaning of the words "Islamic modernism" and "modernization of Islam". It also reveals the differences between the words "Islamic modernism" and "Islamic modernization" and reveals the positive and negative aspects of these concepts. In the article, the author provides a historical-philosophical analysis of the appearance of "Islamic modernism" in the last century, as well as the situation when it is used by groups under the guise of religion, and the threats they cause. Also, the author distinguishes religious ideologies into positive and negative types. The article analyzes the processes of "Islamic modernism" and "modernization of Islam" and illuminates the working mechanisms of these ideologies in the Middle East and Turkestan in the past period based on a logical sequence
Students’ Perception of the Use of Mother Tongue (L1) in EFL Classes at the Second Semester Student University of Mataram
Get PDF This study aims to identify and describe students’ perception the use of the Mother tongue in EFL classes by students of the English department in a government university in West Nusa Tenggara. This study employed a survey research design. Questionnaires were used as instruments. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used as the basis for data analysis. Thirty (30) students in their second semester in the academic year 2022/2024 were involved as the participants of the study. Students were given a questionnaire, which was then rated on a 1-4 Likert scale. Data analysis shows that most teachers speak English in class and only occasionally use Indonesian. Students agree with the teacher's use of mother tongue when necessary. Students also agree that they may speak Indonesian during learning. The students were more active when they were allowed to use Indonesian during learning. The inclusion of L1 helps students learn more motivated and enjoyable. It was found that there was an increase in students' English language skills when English was the language most widely used in class. The students agreed that the more they practice using English, the more their English skills will improve.
Intersection of Cultural Identity, Politics, and RMS Stigma in Moluccas
Get PDFThis article will provide a review by highlighting RMS impacts on Moluccas society, a region that was spearheaded by Dr. Soumokil, who chose to reject joining the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. During this periode of rebellion, cultural terms such as mena muria were used for political purposes. Its impact is still associated with separatism. The arrest and reprimand by state apparatus against Moluccans wearing clothing with mena muria written on it is an indicator that the cultural terms have been affected by the RMS (Republic of South Moluccas) movement, creates dynamics that impact various sectors. On the other hand, through the lens of stigma, this article will explain the Intersection of cultural identity, politics and RMS stigma in Moluccas
Teacher's Creativity Utilizes the King's Egg Cultural Reserve Increasing Interest in Learning History of Waisai 1 State High School Students King Ampat District
Get PDFResearch focusing on " Teacher Creativity in the History Learning Process and Student Interest in Learning" Waisai 1 State High School, Raja Ampat, Southwest Papua. The aim is to explain the teacher's creativity in using the King's Egg Cultural Heritage in learning. This can increase interest in studying the History of Class XI MIPA 3 Students at SMA Negeri 1 Waisai. This research refers to the view that history is created by human "thought" and "action" (ratio and action) in the structural approach by Lloyd (1993). According to Marc Bloch (1988), the historical method used includes problem formulation and observation, criticism or testing of data, historical analysis, and explanation. Data is collected through direct observation of the learning process, tests, observations, interviews, literature studies, and online media. The results of the research are that The creativity of history teachers has been realized in the activities of (1) designing history lesson plans according to the material in the K13 curriculum, namely, “Early life of Indonesian society”, linked to local historical material, “Egg Raja Cultural Heritage” ; (2) implementation of history learning in class, at Cultural Heritage locations, preparation of reports and student presentations in class; and (3) evaluation consisting of an initial test or pre-test, assessment of reports and presentations of student assignments as well as formative tests. Interest in learning history from 35 students of class XI MIPA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Waisai increased significantly, as seen in the initial test scores of 66-84, assignments and presentations 70-8, and formative 82 -90
The Symbolic Meaning of Batik Manding as a Local Cultural Identity of Gunung Kidul using Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic Approach
Get PDFThis research journal aims to describe the symbolic meaning and values contained in Manding Batik as the local cultural identity of Kepek Village, Wonosari District, Gunung Kidul Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with Charles Sander Pierce's semiotics and studying the symbolic meaning of Batik Manding. Indonesia has local arts originating from various regions, namely Batik which is a craft product that has high artistic value and has become part of Indonesian culture, specifically on the island of Java. The local cultural identity that is characteristic of the community has formed a group of craftsmen in Batik Manding Village so that they can develop various distinctive motifs that depict the surrounding natural conditions such as Petai Chinese. The existence of Batik Manding as a local cultural identity of Kepek village, Gunung Kidul Regency has supporting community values that can be explored and studied for understanding and learning for the wider community
Overview of Research Conducted in the Field of Digital Business
Get PDFThis overview provides a comprehensive summary of recent research conducted in the field of digital business, reflecting the dynamic landscape shaped by technological advancements and evolving business models. The synthesis of diverse studies explores key themes, emerging trends, and the transformative impact of digital technologies on business strategies. The research encompasses a wide spectrum of topics, including digital transformation strategies, e-commerce, data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the integration of emerging technologies into business processes. Scholars and practitioners alike are actively investigating the implications of digitalization, seeking insights to navigate the challenges and capitalize on the opportunities presented by the digital era. Digital transformation, a focal point of research, is examined in terms of its organizational, cultural, and technological dimensions. The studies delve into how businesses are leveraging digital technologies to enhance operational efficiency, customer experience, and overall competitiveness. The role of leadership, change management, and employee skill development in facilitating successful digital transformations is also a subject of scholarly inquiry. The overview of research conducted in the field of digital business illustrates a rich tapestry of inquiries that collectively contribute to our understanding of the digital transformation journey. As businesses navigate the complexities of the digital landscape, the insights generated from these studies offer valuable guidance, shaping strategies and practices for a future where digital technologies continue to redefine the way business is conducted
Legal Protection for Victims of Defamation Through Restitution
Get PDFThis study aims to explain the legal protection of victims of defamation through restitution. This is normative legal research, which is a legal method that is carried out by studying library material or secondary data and research on the legal foundations, legal systematics, legal synchronization, legal history, and comparison of the law. The results of the research show that the legal protection for victims of defamation through restitution has not been implemented because there are no specific rules governing the protection of general law and restitution of victims in the positive law of Indonesia. Conditions like this have discredited the position of a victim of defamation which also has the potential to suffer economic losses. Furthermore, the differences in the protection provided by such law have been contrary to the legal norms contained in the Constitution 1945 of Indonesia as contained by Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D paragraph (1), and Article 28I paragraph (2) which essentially governs all citizens equal status in the law, have the right to equal treatment before the law and are free from discriminatory treatment on any basis