International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Teachers' Perception and Utilization of Technology in English Teaching and Learning in Junior High School
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions and utilization of technology in English teaching and learning in junior high school (SMPN 01 Labuapi), and also challenges in using technology in English language teaching. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data findings show that teachers have a positive perception of technology, recognizing its role in enhancing student motivation, engagement, and understanding in English lessons. The challenges in using teachology in English teaching are limited infrastructure, uneven internet access, and time constraints still hinder optimal implementation. The study emphasizes how crucial digital competency, preparation for teachers, and institutional support are to successful technology integration in English language instruction. In the digital era, encouraging flexible and student-centered learning requires bolstering the role of educators as digital facilitators
Gendered Impact of Labor Migration: A Study on the Left-Behind Wives’ Decision-Making Abilities in Bangladesh
Full text linkThis study examines the complex relationship between male labor migration and women's empowerment in Bangladesh, with a focus on the decision-making abilities and autonomy of left-behind wives. In patriarchal societies, men typically dominate household decisions, but their migration offers women opportunities for increased independence and responsibility. However, this shift is complex, as women often remain dependent on their husbands for emotional and economic support, and men continue to influence decisions remotely. Being done from a qualitative methodology and using the ‘empowerment theory’ of Naila Kabeer, this study reveals that multiple intersecting factors beyond access to remittances and education influence women’s empowerment. Geographic origin, family structure, and persistent patriarchal norms significantly impact wives' ability to make autonomous decisions. While some women, particularly in nuclear families, gain increased control over resources and decision-making, others face restricted mobility and limited control over remittances, especially in extended families. The research also reveals emerging opportunities for economic independence through home-based businesses, which are often constrained by gender-based wage discrimination and social restrictions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how transnational migration intersects with existing social structures to shape women's empowerment in patriarchal societies
A Comparative Study on Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Level of Female Students in Only-Girl School and Mixed-Sex School in EFL Classroom.
Full text linkThis non-experimental, causal-comparative study, sought to find possible variations in foreign language speaking anxiety level among female students in two different educational environments: the mixed-sex Bambassi Secondary School and the all-females Pharo Boarding School.The Foreign Language speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS), Developed by Horwitz et al. (1986), was used to assess foreign language speaking anxiety level of female students within the two environment. This research reveals that Pharo Boarding School and Bambassi Secondary School students (p = 0.607) do not differ noticeably in foreign language speaking anxiety. This points to little impact of variables related to school, like teaching techniques, the surroundings of the school, or the kind of institution, on the degree of worry experienced by pupils
Efforts to Improve Students' Mathematical Communication Skills with Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model at SMPN 3 Yogyakarta
Full text linkThis study examines the improvement of students' mathematical communication skillsithrough the application of problem-based learning (PBL) model. This researchiis a Classroom Action Research located in SMP Negeri 3 Yogyakarta and involves 32 students of class VIII as research subjects. Data were collected through mathematical communication ability tests which were analyzed quantitatively. This research consisted of two cycles. The results showed a significant improvement in students' mathematical communication skills, as evidenced by the average score that rose from 59.74 in the diagnostic test, to 68.58 in cycle I and reached 83.33 in cycle II. The improvement was also seen in students' learning completeness; the percentage of students who reached the Learning Objective Completeness Criteria (KKTP) was only 25% (8 out of 32 students) in the diagnostic test and cycle I, then jumped to 75% (24 out of 32 students) in cycle II. Thus,iit canibe concluded that the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model is effectiveiin improving students' mathematical communication skills
The Impact of a Multicultural Environment on the National Identity Among Students at the Indonesian School of Kuala Lumpur
Full text linkPeople who live distant from their native land maintain their feeling of belonging to their home country. This research investigates Indonesian students at SIKL as they develop their national identity through experiences in a multicultural educational environment. These children encounter both advantages and difficulties from their worldwide exposure because they live among different languages and cultures. This study is a qualitative descriptive research using observation, interviews, and documentation as the main data collection techniques. The findings indicate that students develop stronger Indonesian identity through school practices such as the use of batik clothing, Bahasa Indonesian language, national holiday celebrations, and traditional songs. The results also show that teachers, parents, and community members together establish meaningful links between students and their homeland. These educational strategies help students maintain their national identity while developing pride in their cultural heritage. The study concludes that education integrated with daily traditions plays a significant role in strengthening identity development among Indonesian children abroad, ensuring that their sense of belonging to the homeland remains strong despite their multicultural surroundings
The Place of the Principle of Individualizing Punishment in a Fair Judicial Ruling in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law
Full text linkThe principle of individualizing punishments has always been recognized as an exception to the principle of legality of crimes and punishments. However, whether the observance of the principle of individualizing punishments can be considered a law during judicial sentencing is a matter that, given the fact that in the Iranian penal system, the judge is compelled to issue a verdict solely based on the contents of the case file, will lead to serious disagreements. This article, through a descriptive and analytical method and by exploring jurisprudential and legal texts as well as the concept of justice, concludes that justice—in the sense of fairness—along with solid jurisprudential foundations and the numerous instances of this principle in jurisprudence, necessitates that the observance of penal individualization in issuing a fair judicial verdict be considered as a binding law. Given the ongoing developments in the Iranian judicial system, it is recommended that this matter be taken into consideration by the legislature. However, the laws should be designed in such a way that they both allow judges flexibility in issuing fair judicial rulings and, through certain measures, prevent potential abuses
The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Model with Metacognition Strategies in Terms of Junior High School Student’s Problem Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning model with metacognition strategies on junior high school students' problem-solving abilities and self-efficacy in statistics. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, so there are experimental and control classes. The experimental class uses the Problem-Based Learning model with metacognition strategies, while the control class uses the Problem-Based Learning model. The research population is eighth-grade students at SMPN 2 Mlati with purposive sampling. The research instruments were observation sheets, pretest-posttest problem-solving skills, and self-efficacy questionnaires, which had been validated. The data analysis used was Hotteling's T2 multivariate difference test, one sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. The results of the study with α=0.05 showed that: (1) the PBL model with metacognition strategies applied at SMPN 2 Mlati in statistics material was effective in terms of problem-solving skills and self-efficacy; (2) the PBL model applied at SMPN 2 Mlati in statistics material was effective in terms of problem-solving skills and self-efficacy; (3) the PBL model with metacognition strategies applied at SMPN 2 Mlati in statistics material is more effective than the PBL model in terms of problem-solving skills and self-efficacy
Flexibility of Mathematical Thinking in Solving Hots Problems on Number Operation Material in Terms of Gender
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the flexibility of students' mathematical thinking in solving HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) problems on number operations material, by considering gender differences. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, using tests and in-depth interviews with four students (two boys and two girls) in class VII at MTs N Kota Batu. The results showed that only some subjects were able to fulfill the indicators of mathematical thinking flexibility thoroughly. Subjects who have high flexibility use more than one strategy in solving problems, showing diversity, accuracy, and efficiency. In contrast, subjects with low flexibility tended to use a single strategy. The findings showed that female subjects had high mathematical thinking ability by fulfilling all flexibility indicators, namely using more than one strategy, solving problems correctly, and choosing effective and efficient strategies. In contrast, male subjects tend to use a single strategy, which shows limited flexibility of thinking. This study concludes that flexibility in mathematical thinking is an important ability that needs to be developed to improve students' success in solving HOTS problems
National Spirit and System of Images in Poetry
Full text linkThis article analyzes the artistic expression of values such as nationality, traditions, feminine lyrics, loyalty, and love in the poetry of prominent representatives of modern Uzbek literature - Nodira Afokova and Halima Ahmedova. In the work of the poetess, folk feelings and the national spirit are combined, and ideas such as problems of the time, humanity, faith, and spiritual awakening are reflected with poetic skill. The reflection of the national customs and traditions of the Uzbek people in poetry is analyzed. In particular, the work of the poet Halima Ahmedova is studied as being expressed through existence, color, greenery, peace, and national traditions. The expression of the rich literary heritage, customs, and values of the Uzbek people in poetic works is shown. Traditional values such as the upbringing of the people, labor and friendship, national holidays, and various ceremonies are also reflected in poetic works. This article examines the depiction of national traditions in Uzbek poetry, the meaning given to them and the national identity they convey, as well as the means of literary expression
Academic Resilience in Student Survivors of HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at Victory Plus Foundation Yogyakarta
Full text linkThis study aims to explore academic resilience in students with HIV/AIDS, through analyzing the aspects of academic resilience and the factors that influence it. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Four students with HIV/AIDS from Victory Plus Foundation Yogyakarta who met the criteria were selected as research participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews validated by triangulation and member checking. The results showed that although the students initially experienced a decrease in interest, motivation, and enthusiasm for learning after learning their HIV status, they still showed good academic resilience. Support from friends, family, and Victory Plus Yogyakarta Foundation were the main factors that helped them overcome academic challenges. Perseverance, social support, and the ability to manage negative emotions are the main keys to their resilience. The Victory Plus Foundation plays an important role in providing social and psychosocial support, which encourages students to remain resilient. Factors that influence academic resilience include internal factors such as optimism and perseverance, and external factors such as social support from family and friends.