International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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The Role of Language in the Formation and Development of Society
Full text linkThe article talks about the importance of language in the formation and development of society and the problem of the disappearance of entire languages. The emergence of language and speech leads a person not only to understanding in communicating with each other, but also develops art and religion. Thanks to language, such forms as singing, spells, and incantations appeared, which developed musical and ritual culture. Initially, people believed in the word as a real action, with the help of which it was possible to drive away disasters and evil forces, to call for the good of one's tribe. With the help of religious worldview, man tried to know and understand the world around him. The more a person reflects and expresses his reflections in linguistic form, the more society itself develops
Bridging the Challenges in Integrating ICT in Rural School: ICT in English Reading Instructions at MI Ma'arif Gondang Watumalang Wonosobo
Full text linkThe integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in English reading instruction has become essential, particularly in preparing students for digital literacy and 21st century learning. Many schools have made an effort to provide digital infrastructure. However, the practical use of ICT in the classroom remains limited, even with better access to digital resources. This gap highlights that external factors are not the only challenge. Internal challenges might be the most crucial factors that hinder the integration of ICT into reading instruction. While previous research often emphasizes external limitations, MI Ma’arif Gondang Watumalang presents a unique case. The school is located in a rural area in Wonosobo, Central Java. It has adequate ICT facilities. However, most teachers face internal challenges in integrating ICT into reading instruction. This qualitative case study was meant to investigate the kind of internal challenges encountered by English teachers. The data collection techniques were interviews and classroom observations involving 2 teachers. The finding reveals that a lack of ICT skill, lack of self-confidence, resistance to change, and negative attitude are the keys to internal challenges. The result emphasizes the importance of creating focused training programs to build teacher confidence and ICT skills
An Analysis of Differences in Spatial Ability Among Junior High School Students by Their Level of Self-Efficacy
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the differences in spatial ability based on self-efficacy levels among public junior high school students in the city of Yogyakarta. This research is a quantitative survey study with an ex post facto approach, conducted on 391 public junior high school students in the city of Yogyakarta. The research data were collected using a spatial ability test instrument and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instruments were established, based on the Aiken's V rater agreement index and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the self-efficacy questionnaire, as well as instrument reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. The analysis performed was inferential analysis at a 0.05 significance level, using Welch's ANOVA, the Games-Howell test, and Mean Value Estimation. The analysis results revealed a significant difference in the spatial ability of the student group with a "Very Low" self-efficacy level compared to all groups with "Low," "Medium," "High," and "Very High" self-efficacy levels. Meanwhile, the average spatial abilities among the "Low," "Medium," "High," and "Very High" self-efficacy levels were the same
The Legal Protection of Consumers Suffering Loss as a Result of Consuming Expired Food Products
Full text linkThis study discusses the issue of legal protection for consumers who suffer losses due to consuming expired food and beverage products. In Indonesia, business actors are legally obligated to comply with food safety regulations, including labeling expiration dates, as stipulated in various laws, including Presidential Regulation No. 80 of 2017 and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. However, violations still occur, which raises concerns about consumer safety. This research aims to analyze: (1) the forms of legal protection available to consumers harmed by expired food and beverages, (2) the responsibility of business actors in such cases, and (3) the legal remedies available for consumers. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by primary, secondary, and non-legal sources through literature study. The findings indicate that legal protection can be internal (based on agreement between the parties) and external (granted by legislation). Business actors who violate food safety standards may be subject to administrative sanctions and are obligated to compensate affected consumers. Remedies for consumers include both non-litigation efforts through the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) and litigation through the courts. This study suggests that BPOM must strengthen its supervision and enforcement measures, business actors must uphold product safety, and consumers should assert their rights through available legal channels
Validation of Physics Augmented Reality-Based Learning Media on the Critical Thinking Skills and Visual Representation of Students in High School
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze: the feasibility of augmented reality (AR)-based learning media to improve students' critical thinking skills and visual representation. This research is an ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Developed, Implementation and Evaluation) development research. The Analysis stage consists of concept analysis, student analysis, and specification of learning objectives (2) Design, related to designing initial products from learning media, critical thinking test instruments and visual representation (3) Developed stage related to the stage of content feasibility testing as well as revision of critical results and suggestions from validators and field trials (4) Implement, which is the stage of implementing products with non-equivalent pretest postes control group design quasi experiment method (5) Evaluate, the evaluation process starts from the analysis stage to the implementation stage. The subjects in this study were 102 students of SMA N 8 Ternate city as a field trial. The products developed include learning media, feasibility assessment sheets, student response questionnaires and test instruments. The instrument developed was a question instrument in the form of 10 questions describing critical thinking skills and visual representation. The data analysis techniques carried out are descriptive and inferential analysis. The analysis also uses the ideal standard deviation (SBi) to assess the feasibility of learning media, and a questionnaire on the practicality of students. While the analysis using V Aiken is to assess the results of the analysis of critical thinking test instruments and visual representation. The result of this study is that augmented reality (AR)-based learning media on Newton's law material is suitable for use to improve critical thinking skills and visual representation
Characteristics of the Authority of the Honorary Council of Notaries
Full text linkThe Minister formed the Notary Honorary Council to supervise the implementation of the Notary's office. The Notary Honorary Council institution is expected to maintain the confidentiality of the deeds made by the parties, mainly when a dispute occurs, so that no party is harmed due to the disclosure of the confidentiality of the deeds that the parties have made. This study discusses the characteristics of the Notary Honorary Council institution. This study uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study indicate that the Notary Honorary Council is a State Administrative Body because it obtains delegation of authority from the Minister of Law and Human Rights. The Notary Honorary Council is present to provide legal protection to Notaries when Notaries carry out their obligations to maintain the confidentiality of their position
Madrasa Management in Improving the Quality of Education: A Case Study at Man 1 Tegal, Indonesia
Full text linkMadrasah management plays a role in improving the quality of Islamic education. The autonomy of madrasahs makes them flexible in determining their own needs and policies. Ideal madrasah governance must be transparent, accountable, have integrity, be fair, and fulfill its management functions. This study aims to describe the governance of madrasahs at MAN 1 Tegal to improve the quality of Islamic education based on the principles of Kontz and Donell management. These management principles include management functions such as Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Control (POSDC). The research method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative, so the results of the study are in the form of descriptions. The object observed was Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tegal. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observations, and documents. The data taken were data that showed the governance of madrasahs. The data source came from informants. The results of the study showed that the governance of madrasahs carried out by MAN 1 Tegal had fulfilled the management functions. Even so, there are still parts of its implementation that are still being considered and improved
The Effect of Discovery Learning Model Based on Differentiated Instruction on High School Students’ Mathematical Conceptual Understanding and Self-Regulated Learning in Trigonometric Ratios Material
Full text linkThis study aims to describe: (1) the effect of discovery learning model based on differentiated instruction on students' mathematical concept understanding and self-regulated learning; (2) the superiority of discovery learning model based on differentiated instruction learning model in terms of students' mathematical concept understanding; and (3) the superiority of discovery learning model based on differentiated instruction in terms of students' self-regulated learning. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The population of this study consisted of all grade X students at State Senior High School 1 Sape during the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The samples included classes X-B and X-D, each comprising 39 students. Class X-D served as the experimental group using discovery learning model based on differentiated instruction (DLDI), while class X-B served as the control group with the direct instruction learning model (DI). Data collection methods included a mathematical concept understanding test consisting of four essay questions and a self-regulated learning questionnaire with 16 statements. To determine the effect of the learning models, a two-sample mean vector comparison test using Hotelling's T² statistic was employed. Additionally, to assess the superiority of the DLDI model over the DI model, an independent t-test was used. This analysis also identified the more effective learning model for each specific skill. The study results indicate that: (1) The DLDI learning model significantly influences students' mathematical concept understanding and self-regulated learning simultaneously; (2) The DLDI model outperforms the DI learning model in terms of students' mathematical concept understanding; and (3) The DLDI model outperforms the DI learning model in terms of students' self-regulated learning.
Legal Protection for Tiktok Content Creators From the Act of Re-Uploading Other Parties Without Permission Based on Law Number 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright
Full text linkProtection of creative video copyrights of Tiktok content creators that are taken without permission through social media for commercial purposes based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Copyright is the exclusive right of the creator that arises automatically based on the principle of declarative after a work is realized in real form without reducing restrictions in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Moral rights are rights that must remain permanently attached to the work born by the creator, which is basically done to respect the creator's creativity by including his name in the copyrighted work. Economic rights are the exclusive rights of the creator or copyright holder to obtain economic benefits for their creations. In practice, there are many violations committed by Instagram account users by re-uploading creative videos of Tiktok content creators without permission to the creator. The rise of copyright infringement on Tiktok content creators' creative videos committed by other parties has hindered the development of creativity in the field of cinematography and decreased income to creators. The results of the study show that all creative video works created are protected by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, as long as the party concerned can prove that the work is his creation. In terms of service on Tiktok, there is already copyright protection by providing non-exclusive licenses to works uploaded by the creator. This research was conducted to find out the truth and legal reality that occurs in society. The legal relationship between Tiktok content creators and Instagram account users will be born if there is an agreement based on a contract as stipulated in the Civil Code. The sanctions contained in Law Number 28 of 2014 have regulated sanctions for copyright infringement. Dispute resolution can be through litigation or non-litigation. Copyright lawsuits can be filed with the Commercial Court. It is better to file a lawsuit after a criminal verdict that has permanent legal force. In taking creative videos of Tiktok content creators, Instagram users should first ask permission from Tiktok content creators
The Assessment of the Alignment of Environmental Law and Other Environmental Regulations of Afghanistan in Light of the Environmental Realities in Herat City
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to assess the alignment of Afghanistan's environmental law and other environmental regulations in light of the environmental realities in Herat city. The type of research is applied based on its purpose, and survey-based based on the method and data collection approach. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Herat University and employees of Herat departments, from which 158 students and 50 employees were selected as a sample size using a multi-stage (cluster and simple random) sampling method. In order to collect field data, a researcher-developed questionnaire was used, which focuses on three dimensions: knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior concerning Afghanistan's environmental law. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using construct validity, and reliability was assessed using internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha method. The results of the study indicate that the awareness and understanding (knowledge) of students and employees about environmental issues, the laws, and the institutions related to environmental regulations in Afghanistan are low. The beliefs, opinions, and interest (attitude) of students and employees toward environmental protection in Afghanistan are relatively high. The opinions of Herat University students and employees of Herat departments regarding actions and practical behaviors related to environmental protection in their living and working areas were positive, contrary to the research hypothesis