International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Criminalization in the Context of the National Criminal Code: Philosophical and Conceptual Transformations and Their Implications for the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia
Full text linkThis study analyzes the philosophical and conceptual transformation of criminal punishment in the National Criminal Code (KUHP) and its implications for the criminal justice system in Indonesia. The main focus is to identify the paradigm shift from the old Criminal Code, which was retributive in nature, to a more holistic and modern approach in the National Criminal Code. Philosophically, the National Criminal Code combines the objectives of criminal punishment, not only as a means of retribution, but also as a tool for the rehabilitation of offenders and the protection of society, in line with the principle of restorative justice. The research method used is normative, with a regulatory approach to analyze the content and substance of the National Criminal Code, as well as a theoretical approach to examine the philosophical foundations and concepts of modern criminal law. The data obtained is analyzed prescriptively and qualitatively to provide recommendations and guidelines regarding the implementation of these changes in judicial practice
The Role of the Al-Buwayhids’ Tolerance (Tasāhul) and Forbearance (Tasāmuḥ) in Islamic Culture and Civilization
Full text linkThe Al-Buwayhids (Āl Būya), who ruled vast areas of Iran and Iraq from the early fourth to the end of the fifth century Hijri (322–447 AH), played a critical role in the flourishing of Islamic culture and civilization. This study aims to investigate the role of the Buwayhid dynasty’s tolerance (tasāhul) and forbearance (tasāmuḥ) in the development and prosperity of Islamic culture and civilization. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing library resources, the research seeks to answer the fundamental question of how Buwayhid tolerance and forbearance contributed to Islamic cultural and civilizational advancement. Findings indicate that the Buwayhid rulers, through religious and political tolerance, establishment of numerous scientific and cultural centers, and creation of an open intellectual environment, facilitated the emergence of diverse scholarly ideas. This, in turn, led to dynamism, vitality, and the growth of Islamic culture and civilization during that era
Empowering Young Writers through Picture-Mediated Instruction: A Study at SMP Negeri 2 Mamuju
Full text linkThis study aims to improve students’ ability in writing descriptive texts through picture-mediated instruction at the second year of SMP Negeri 2 Mamuju. The research applied Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle included planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 37 students from class VIII. Data were collected through observation and writing tests conducted at the end of each cycle. The results revealed a consistent improvement in students’ writing performance. The mean score increased from 38.45 in the pre-test to 38.92 in cycle I and 42.92 in cycle II. The use of pictures as visual stimuli helped students generate ideas, organize sentences coherently, and use appropriate vocabulary. The findings indicate that picture-mediated instruction effectively enhances students’ engagement and descriptive writing skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that visual-based strategies are beneficial in fostering junior high school students’ writing competence, especially in descriptive text production
Profile and Relationship of Minimum Competency Assessment-Type Mathematical Literacy, Creative Thinking, and Mathematics Anxiety in Solving Algebra
Full text linkThis study aims to describe the profile and relationships among Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM)-type mathematical literacy, creative thinking, and mathematics anxiety of junior high school students in solving algebra problems in Yogyakarta City. The study employed a survey method with a quantitative approach, involving 397 eighth grade students selected through proportional stratified random sampling. The study instruments included a mathematics anxiety questionnaire, creative thinking test, AKM-type mathematical literacy test, and a questionnaire on factors causing mathematics anxiety. The instrument’s validity was examined using content validity (through expert judgment) and construct validity with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), whereas its reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that all instruments were valid and reliable. Data were analyzed using interval estimation and path analysis. The results showed that: (1) The mathematics anxiety of junior high school students in Yogyakarta City was in the moderate criteria; (2) The creative thinking ability of junior high school students in Yogyakarta City was in the very low criteria; (3) The mathematical literacy ability of junior high school students in solving AKM-type problems was in the criteria of requiring special intervention; (4) The factors that cause the highest level of mathematical anxiety in junior high school students in Yogyakarta City are environmental factors and intellectual factors; (5) There is a negative relationship and a direct influence between mathematical anxiety and creative thinking; (6) Creative thinking is positively associated with and directly influences mathematical literacy; and (7) Mathematical anxiety is negatively associated with and directly influences mathematical literacy, as well as an indirect effect mediated by creative thinking
Organizational Development Based on Components of Organizational Culture from the Perspective of the Holy Quran
Full text linkThe primary focus of this study is to identify the fundamental components and indicators of organizational culture related to the comprehensive development and progress of organizations from the perspective of the Holy Quran. Using a "descriptive-analytical" method, this research seeks to uncover the Quranic viewpoint and answer the question: What is organizational development based on the components of organizational culture? Based on analyses supported by Quranic verses and confirmed by Islamic management scholars and commentators, the study concludes that, from the Quranic perspective, "God-centeredness" (God-centeredness) is the central and pivotal category of organizational culture. Other components, such as trustworthiness, justice-centeredness, self-referentiality, cooperation, and mutual assistance—each playing a crucial role in organizational improvement and advancement—derive their true meaning and realization from this central concept. Accordingly, the establishment of a "God-centered organizational culture" in Islamic organizations will lead to genuine and comprehensive organizational development (both material and spiritual)
The Use of Technology in Education to Engage English Language Learners at Class X MA Jihadul Ummah Waker
Full text linkIn the digital age, integrating technology into education has become essential, especially for language learning. This study examines how technology influences the motivation of students learning English in Class X at MA Jihadul Ummah NW Waker, a rural Islamic high school in Central Lombok, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of technological tools on student engagement, identify the types of technologies used in the classroom, explore student and teacher perceptions of technology, and examine the challenges of implementing technology in under resourced environments. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to collect data through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with two English teachers, and field notes over a two-month period. The findings reveal that integrating digital tools, such as videos, projectors, and interactive platforms, significantly increased student engagement and transformed classroom dynamics. Even minor technological interventions sparked enthusiasm and encouraged participation, especially among typically passive students. Despite infrastructure limitations, both teachers and students responded positively to technology enhanced learning. The study concludes that the thoughtful use of technology can foster a student center environment that enhances motivation and supports English language development in rural contexts. These results underscore the importance of teacher training, accessible digital resources, and sustainable strategies for incorporating technology into language education
A Study of Psychological Realism in the Innocents (1961)
Full text linkThis article studies The Innocents (1961) from the perspective of psychological realism and analyzes this cinematic adaptation of “The Turn of the Screw” via semiotics, images and symbols deployed in the light of psychological realism. Henry James’s short story The Turn of the Screw has variously been adapted into several films. However, Clayton’s film seeks to question rather than reproduce these stereotypes. This is achieved by shifting attention away from the narrative and focusing instead on the characters and their reactions. The ghosts might be apparitions of dead people, or they may be nothing more than projections of Miss Giddens’s imagination. What really matters is the effect they have on Miss Giddens herself as she is forced to confront her hitherto suppressed desires
The Effect of the PBL Model with the TTW Strategy in Terms of Problem-Solving Skills and Learning Motivation of Junior High School Students
Full text linkThis research aimed to: (1) Describe the effectiveness of the PBL learning model with the TTW strategy in mathematics learning for eighth-grade junior high school students on statistics material, viewed from students' problem-solving abilities and learning motivation; (2) describe the effectiveness of the PBL learning model in mathematics learning for eighth-grade junior high school students on statistics material, viewed from students' problem-solving abilities and learning motivation; (3) if both are effective, describe which learning model is more effective between the PBL with TTW strategy model and the PBL model, viewed from students' problem-solving abilities and learning motivation on statistics material. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study was all students of class VIII of SMPN 2 Mlati, consisting of four classes. The sample of this study was selected by purposive sampling and class VIIIA was selected as the control class using the PBL model and class VIIIB as the experimental class using the PBL model with the TTW strategy. Data collection in this study used questionnaires and tests. The questionnaire was used to measure students' learning motivation and the test was used to measure students' problem-solving abilities. The criteria for the effectiveness of this study were based on: the average posttest problem-solving ability score is at least 75, the average posttest learning motivation score is at least 72, and the average posttest ability is greater than the pretest. The results of the study at the significance level showed that: (1) the PBL model with the TTW strategy was effective in terms of students' problem-solving abilities and learning motivation; (2) the PBL model was effective in terms of students' problem-solving abilities and learning motivation; (3) the PBL model with the TTW strategy was more effective compared to the PBL model in terms of students' learning motivation, but the PBL model with the TTW strategy was not more effective compared to the PBL model in terms of problem-solving abilities
Swaying into Geometry: Digital Materials for Van Hiele-Aligned Geometric Reasoning and Learning Interest
Full text linkThis study aimed to produce digital teaching materials based on Van Hiele's geometry theory, oriented towards enhancing junior high school students' geometric reasoning ability and learning interest. The research addressed the gap in readily available and effective digital resources that specifically integrate Van Hiele's framework to foster these crucial learning outcomes. This was a development research study employing the Successive Approximation Model (SAM), comprising Preparation, Iterative Design, and Iterative Development phases. The research involving 62 students and a mathematics teacher. Data were analyzed using both quantitative (from questionnaires, observation sheets, and tests) and qualitative methods (from validation sheets). Findings indicate that the developed digital teaching materials, applying Van Hiele's geometry theory and supported by Microsoft Sway, are feasible for use in learning processes, demonstrating high validity from expert validators, confirmed practicality through teacher and student feedback, and proven effectiveness in improving both geometric reasoning ability and student learning interest in the experimental class compared to the control class. These materials are characterized by being interactive, multimedia-rich, easily accessible, flexible, and capable of providing feedback. This developed product is recommended as a valuable learning tool to facilitate independent student learning, with educators advised to adjust material alignment with curriculum coverage
The Influence of Smart Wheel Learning Media on Beginning Reading Skills in Indonesian Language Subjects in Grade I of Elementary School
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the effect of using the Roda Pintar (Smart Wheel) media on the early reading ability of first-grade students at Elementary School (SD Negeri 5 Damar). The background of this research lies in the low level of students' initial reading skills, as some students still struggle to recognize letters, combine syllables, and read simple words.The study employed a quantitative approach with an experimental method using a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 21 class IA students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through pretest and posttest of early reading, observation, and documentation, and were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and a Paired Sample t-test. The results showed an increase in the average score from 41.43 in the pretest to 71.76 in the posttest. The statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 26) normality test indicated a pretest value of 0.086 > 0.05 and a posttest value of 0.077 > 0.05, suggesting that both data sets were normally distributed. Furthermore, hypothesis testing with SPSS 26 revealed a Sig. (2-tailed) The value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha ) was accepted. Similarly, manual calculation of the hypothesis test showed a t-value of -8.376 compared to the t-table value of 2.086, which also led to the rejection of the null hypothesis (Ho) and the acceptance of Ha . These findings demonstrated that the Roda Pintar media significantly improved students' early reading ability in Indonesian language learning for first-grade students at Elementary School (SD Negeri 5 Damar)