International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Case Study: Smoking Behavior During the School Period
Full text linkThis study aims to discuss the factors that cause adolescent smoking behavior during the school period and the general public's perception of this behavior. This research is motivated by the fact that in everyday life many students wearing junior and senior high school clothes smoke in certain places. This problem arises because they are still classified as adolescents and are still underage. This deviant behavior is caused by various causes such as socialization, family, personal problems, the environment, and one's curiosity when seeing other people smoking. The method applied is qualitative with data collection methods in the form of interviews. The researcher asked several semi-structured questions to seven participants which included someone who had smoked during their school days or had smoked since their school days. The researcher interpreted the interview results from the participants' answers to know and strengthen opinions about the causes of adolescent smoking behavior during the school period. The results of data analysis show that the causes of teenage smoking during the school period are influenced by several factors, namely (1) social factors, (2) environmental factors, and (3) factors of lack of supervision and having problems in the family, and (4) factors of dependence on cigarettes. For society, this behavior is indeed very deviant, especially because they are still teenagers. But this behavior is caused by these factors that occur during the school period, especially the social factors that are most dominant in this behavior
An Ideological Critique Towards the Representation of Power in The Novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye
Full text linkIn some cases, literary works can be a means to depict social and political life that is unjust and undemocratic. Ideological criticism in literature is an analytical approach that focuses on how ideologies, or dominant systems of thought and values, are represented and critiqued in literary works, particularly to explain a specific representation of power that can be used as a learning tool. This study aims to analyze the representation of power in novels using a qualitative descriptive method and the theory of hegemonic power. Data was collected through a reading and note-taking technique, as well as by comparing data from the novel with data from references. The analysis reveals that the representation of power in novels consists of three forms: authority, legitimacy, and the nature of power. Authority is used to depict how power influences the lives of society, legitimacy is used to depict how power influences the lives of society in a legitimate manner, and the nature of power is used to depict how power influences the lives of society in an illegitimate manner. The representation of power in novels shows that power can take the form of authority, legitimacy, or the nature of power, which influences the lives of society
Behind the Mountain of Waste: Legal Dilemmas in Galuga Landfill Management
Full text linkThe management of the Galuga Landfill (TPA Galuga) presents significant legal and environmental challenges, highlighting a conflict between the need for waste management and the obligation to protect public health and the environment. Although regulations are established under Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, implementation at the Galuga Landfill remains inadequate, resulting in air, soil, and water pollution that affects the surrounding community's well-being. This research analyzes law enforcement and regulatory implementation weaknesses, focusing on the lack of effective waste treatment, limited infrastructure, and minimal resources that restrict sustainable waste management. Furthermore, the research examines the social and health impacts of the Galuga Landfill on nearby residents and evaluates potential policy reforms and legal measures, including stricter enforcement and community involvement. The study finds that enhanced coordination among government sectors, improved regulatory enforcement, and public-private partnerships are essential to reducing environmental impacts and promoting sustainable waste management practices
The Relation Between Directive Speech Acts and Camera Angles in Variety Show Master Chef Indonesia Season 9
Full text linkThe background of this research is how speakers and speech partners can give and receive messages well. This can be found in directive speech acts. This research discusses speech acts in a television program that is rebroadcast on the YouTube platform. Apart from discussing the speech between speakers on the screen, this research also discusses how directive speech messages are conveyed to the audience outside the screen through camera angles. The aim of analysing directive speech acts and camera angles in this research is to describe the forms of directive speech acts referring to Searle's theory and types of camera angles referring to Bonafix's theory. These two discussions are useful for understanding whether the relation between the two is compatible or not. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that uses a data source in the form of YouTube media on the Master Chef Indonesia season 9 event. The results from this data source obtained 77 data with 68 data that were appropriate and 9 data that were not appropriate. Data on directive speech acts found 47 data on directive question speech acts, 4 data on directive speech acts on permission, 5 data on directive speech acts on prohibition, 14 data on directive speech acts on command, and 7 data on directive speech acts on requests. Meanwhile, data for techniques for taking camera angles in this research found 5 bird's eye data, 1 high angle data, 45 eye level data, and 26 low angle data
China's Strategic View to Afghanistan After the US Withdrawal
Full text linkThe relations between China and Afghanistan have been regulated in the past decades based on Beijing's view of regional and international developments. The withdrawal of US and NATO forces from Afghanistan and the establishment of the Islamic Emirate government in Afghanistan changed China's approach towards Afghanistan from various perspectives. The US withdrawal from Afghanistan changed the balance of power in Afghanistan and, consequently, its surrounding areas. China's view to Afghanistan has always been based on security considerations, and currently economic considerations are also prominent in it. China's grand economic plan in Pakistan and Central Asia on the one hand and China's security concerns about the connection between extremist groups in Afghanistan and the Uyghurs in the neighboring country have been the most important issues of China's attention. The rise of the Islamic Emirate in Afghanistan and the withdrawal of US forces have caused a change in the pattern of relations from calculated indifference to China's strategic view of Afghanistan. In the present study, we have discussed and examined why China's view to Afghanistan has changed from calculated indifference to strategic view
Development of Approach-Based Learning Tools Problem-Based Learning Assisted Desmos Classroom Activities Oriented to the Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students
Full text linkThis study aims to develop a problem-based learning (PBL) learning tool with the help of Desmos Classroom Activities that is oriented towards the critical thinking skills of high school students. The development model involves validation stages, limited trials, and field trials. The research subjects consisted of expert lecturers as validators, a mathematics teacher, and 34 grade X high school students. The validation results show that the tool meets the criteria of "valid" to "very valid." In terms of practicality, the tool received an assessment of "very practical" from teachers and "practical" from students, and the implementation of learning is in the high category. The effectiveness of the tool is reflected in the results of the field test, where more than 70% of students exceeded the Learning Objective Completion Criteria (KKTP) with an average critical thinking ability score of 81.33. Thus, the developed tool is proven to be valid, practical, and effective, so that it is suitable for use in mathematics learning to improve students' critical thinking skills
Madrasa Management at Darul Amanah Islamic Boarding School, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkIn Indonesia, both modern and traditional Islamic boarding schools, especially large ones, generally have educational institutions ranging from elementary to university levels. This study aims to describe the management of madrasas in the Darul Amanah Islamic Boarding School, Kendal Regency, Indonesia. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The sources of research data consist of informants and events, with data collection techniques involving interviews and observations. The results indicate that the management of madrasas at the Darul Amanah Kendal Islamic Boarding School, when viewed from the organizational aspect, already has an organizational structure from the highest to the lowest level, along with a clear delegation of authority and responsibility. Management based on the implementation of the development of curricular programs has gone well, because the curriculum of madrassas and the curriculum of pesantren has been systematized in accordance with the basic framework of pesantren development since its inception. Then reviewed from the aspect of supervision, the Darul Amanah Kendal Islamic boarding school can easily control and supervise all the activities of its students, because the activities of the pesantren and the madrasah have been well structured, according to the level and time
A Comparative Study of the Lawyer's Contract with Himself in the Jurisprudence of the Five Islamic Schools of Thought
Full text linkThe financial and non-financial contract between the lawyer and himself has become a breeding ground for the various viewpoints of Imamiyyah, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali jurists. This article, with descriptive-analytical method and collection of library materials, considers the opinion of jurists in the phrase "dependency of the validity and influence of the lawyer's financial contract with himself during the client's permission" to be approximate and reconcilable. As the jurisprudential theories depend on the validity and influence of the lawyer's non-financial contract with himself "about marriage with express permission or with explicit evidence" and "in the matter of adoption and custody (as well as surrogacy and borrowing based on the assumption of legitimacy) subject to absolute permission", it is symmetrical and consistent but this writing, in the financial contract, especially from a practical and objective point of view, due to the economic and social importance of the transactions, the observance of jurisprudence rules in emphasizing the interest of the client and a kind of rule on the preference of the lawyer's interest in the conflict of interests, considers "conventional permission beyond the application of attorney" as necessary when it is possible to use a lawyer, and of course, such an opinion is not without support in jurisprudence
Prohibitive Commands in Acts of Worship: A Comparative Study Between Sunni and Shia Jurisprudence
Full text linkThe implications of prohibitions within acts of worship hold significant weight in the process of jurisprudential reasoning and the derivation of religious rulings from sources such as the Qur’an and Sunnah. Scholars from various Islamic sects have engaged these prohibitions differently: in certain instances, a prohibited act of worship has nonetheless been deemed valid when performed by the legal agent, while in other cases, the same prohibition has rendered the act invalid. The root of such discrepancies lies in the nuanced understanding of the types of prohibitions present in religious texts. By distinguishing between authoritative prohibitions (tahrīmī), advisory ones (irshādī), and those indicating mere discouragement (tanzīhī, meaning "less reward"), this complexity can be clarified—an approach that constitutes one of the novelties of this research. Accordingly, if the prohibition is both authoritative and binding, it may apply to one of the following aspects: the essence of the worship, a component part, a condition, or a descriptive attribute of it. If directed at the essence of worship, the consequence is invalidity. If directed at a component, and the agent limits themselves to that prohibited part, the act as a whole is invalid. However, should they substitute it with a permissible component, the worship remains valid—unless other defects arise, such as incorporating detestable elements or deliberate additions or omissions, thereby disrupting its form. Where the prohibition targets a condition—particularly if the condition itself is a devotional act—then provided the condition is taken as an action or entity rather than a mere abstract noun, the ruling is also one of invalidity. This applies whether the defect arises from the absence of the condition itself or from the presence of an objectionable aspect within the act due to that condition. Finally, if the prohibition pertains to a descriptive attribute that is inseparable from the act, it entails invalidity. But if the description is separable and external, the act remains valid despite the prohibition
Development of Physical Activity Breaks During Changes in Learning Hours for Elementary School Students
Full text linkThis research aims to: (1) Produce a physical activity break movement product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students, packaged in the form of a guidebook. (2) Assess the feasibility of a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students. (3) Assess the practicality of a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students. This type of research is Research and Development, using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The research subjects were teachers and students of elementary schools in Yogyakarta City. The trial included two stages: a small-scale trial subject (Ungaran 1 State Elementary School, Yogyakarta City), consisting of 1 teacher and 25 students, and a large-scale trial subject (Muhammadiyah Sagan Elementary School and Muhammadiyah Suronatan Elementary School, Yogyakarta City), composed of 2 teachers and 50 students. Before the trial, an expert validation process was conducted by two material experts, one media expert, and two practitioners. The instruments used in this study were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics expressed in percentages. The data collection technique used was the Delphi method. The results of the study show that: (1) This study produced a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students, consisting of 10 forms of physical activity break movements that are "feasible" and "practical". (2) The physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students is categorized as "feasible". Based on the assessment of material experts of 90.83% (feasible), the assessment of media experts of 86.67% (feasible), and the assessment of practitioners of 97.50% (feasible). (3) The physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students is categorized as "practical". Based on a small-scale trial, according to the practicality questionnaire by the teacher of 88.33% (practical) and the practicality questionnaire by the students of 82.80% (practical), as well as a large-scale trial, according to the practicality questionnaire by the teacher of 96.67% (practical) and the practicality questionnaire by the students of 84.67% (practical). Thus, it can be concluded that this research produced 10 forms of physical activity break movement activities that were "feasible" and "practical"