International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Technology Integration in Teaching English to Young Learners: Challenges and Strategies
Get PDFThis study explores the integration of technology in teaching English to Young Learners (EYL) at Mataram University Language Support Unit. This research examines the types of technology utilized, challenges encountered, and strategies adopted to enhance the learning experience. A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with eight EYL tutors to gather in-depth data. The results reveal that tools such as Quizizz, Live Worksheets, WhatsApp, and YouTube are frequently integrated into teaching. While these tools enhance engagement and learning, challenges such as unstable internet connections and unequal access to gadgets persist. Tutors mitigate these challenges by preparing alternative materials and encouraging collaborative learning. The findings suggest that technology integration in EYL classrooms significantly supports student engagement and language acquisition, but a balanced language approach with traditional methods is necessary to address limitations. This study provides practical insights for educators to optimize technology use in early language learning contexts.
Interaction of Biochar and Water Hyacinth Compost Plus Arakan: A Solution for Increasing Marginal Land Fertility with Sweet Corn Test Plants
Get PDFIndonesia has quite extensive reed fields, which have great potential to be developed in the agricultural extensification program. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase the fertility of reed land by adding organic matter in the form of compost. Water hyacinth and arakan are water weeds that are found in Lake Tondano, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. Water hyacinth and arakan are good sources of organic matter because they contain C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are important elements for plant growth. The use of biochar is one of the innovations that can be applied to overcome problems in agriculture. The purpose of this research is to find out the influence of the interaction between biochar and hyacinth+arakan compost on the growth and yield of sweet corn, as well as to determine the optimal dose of biochar at various doses of hyacinth+arakan compost to achieve the best corn yield. The experiment was conducted using a factorial cluster randomized design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of biochar (A), which consists of three levels: A0 (without biochar), A1 (10 tons/hectare biochar), and A2 (20 tons/hectare biochar). The second factor is the dose of hyacinth compost+arakan (B), which also consists of three levels: B0 (without hyacinth compost+Arakan), B1 (20 tons/hectare hyacinth compost+Arakan), and B2 (40 tons/hectare water hyacinth compost+Arakan). The combination of these two factors produced 9 treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times so that there were a total of 27 experimental units. The data obtained was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If a significant effect of the treatment is found, the analysis is continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the research show that the interaction between the dose of biochar and the dose of hyacinth+arakan compost has no significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, and the weight of sweet corn cobs. However, the single influence of water hyacinth compost+Arakan proved to be significant on the three variables. A dosage of 20 tons/hectare of water hyacinth compost+Arakan gives the best growth and yield of sweet corn
Development of Approach-Based Learning Tools Problem-Based Learning Assisted Desmos Classroom Activities Oriented to the Critical Thinking Skills of High School Students
Get PDFThis study aims to develop a problem-based learning (PBL) learning tool with the help of Desmos Classroom Activities that is oriented towards the critical thinking skills of high school students. The development model involves validation stages, limited trials, and field trials. The research subjects consisted of expert lecturers as validators, a mathematics teacher, and 34 grade X high school students. The validation results show that the tool meets the criteria of "valid" to "very valid." In terms of practicality, the tool received an assessment of "very practical" from teachers and "practical" from students, and the implementation of learning is in the high category. The effectiveness of the tool is reflected in the results of the field test, where more than 70% of students exceeded the Learning Objective Completion Criteria (KKTP) with an average critical thinking ability score of 81.33. Thus, the developed tool is proven to be valid, practical, and effective, so that it is suitable for use in mathematics learning to improve students' critical thinking skills
Madrasa Management at Darul Amanah Islamic Boarding School, Kendal Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFIn Indonesia, both modern and traditional Islamic boarding schools, especially large ones, generally have educational institutions ranging from elementary to university levels. This study aims to describe the management of madrasas in the Darul Amanah Islamic Boarding School, Kendal Regency, Indonesia. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The sources of research data consist of informants and events, with data collection techniques involving interviews and observations. The results indicate that the management of madrasas at the Darul Amanah Kendal Islamic Boarding School, when viewed from the organizational aspect, already has an organizational structure from the highest to the lowest level, along with a clear delegation of authority and responsibility. Management based on the implementation of the development of curricular programs has gone well, because the curriculum of madrassas and the curriculum of pesantren has been systematized in accordance with the basic framework of pesantren development since its inception. Then reviewed from the aspect of supervision, the Darul Amanah Kendal Islamic boarding school can easily control and supervise all the activities of its students, because the activities of the pesantren and the madrasah have been well structured, according to the level and time
A Comparative Study of the Lawyer's Contract with Himself in the Jurisprudence of the Five Islamic Schools of Thought
Get PDFThe financial and non-financial contract between the lawyer and himself has become a breeding ground for the various viewpoints of Imamiyyah, Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali jurists. This article, with descriptive-analytical method and collection of library materials, considers the opinion of jurists in the phrase "dependency of the validity and influence of the lawyer's financial contract with himself during the client's permission" to be approximate and reconcilable. As the jurisprudential theories depend on the validity and influence of the lawyer's non-financial contract with himself "about marriage with express permission or with explicit evidence" and "in the matter of adoption and custody (as well as surrogacy and borrowing based on the assumption of legitimacy) subject to absolute permission", it is symmetrical and consistent but this writing, in the financial contract, especially from a practical and objective point of view, due to the economic and social importance of the transactions, the observance of jurisprudence rules in emphasizing the interest of the client and a kind of rule on the preference of the lawyer's interest in the conflict of interests, considers "conventional permission beyond the application of attorney" as necessary when it is possible to use a lawyer, and of course, such an opinion is not without support in jurisprudence
Prohibitive Commands in Acts of Worship: A Comparative Study Between Sunni and Shia Jurisprudence
Get PDFThe implications of prohibitions within acts of worship hold significant weight in the process of jurisprudential reasoning and the derivation of religious rulings from sources such as the Qur’an and Sunnah. Scholars from various Islamic sects have engaged these prohibitions differently: in certain instances, a prohibited act of worship has nonetheless been deemed valid when performed by the legal agent, while in other cases, the same prohibition has rendered the act invalid. The root of such discrepancies lies in the nuanced understanding of the types of prohibitions present in religious texts. By distinguishing between authoritative prohibitions (tahrīmī), advisory ones (irshādī), and those indicating mere discouragement (tanzīhī, meaning "less reward"), this complexity can be clarified—an approach that constitutes one of the novelties of this research. Accordingly, if the prohibition is both authoritative and binding, it may apply to one of the following aspects: the essence of the worship, a component part, a condition, or a descriptive attribute of it. If directed at the essence of worship, the consequence is invalidity. If directed at a component, and the agent limits themselves to that prohibited part, the act as a whole is invalid. However, should they substitute it with a permissible component, the worship remains valid—unless other defects arise, such as incorporating detestable elements or deliberate additions or omissions, thereby disrupting its form. Where the prohibition targets a condition—particularly if the condition itself is a devotional act—then provided the condition is taken as an action or entity rather than a mere abstract noun, the ruling is also one of invalidity. This applies whether the defect arises from the absence of the condition itself or from the presence of an objectionable aspect within the act due to that condition. Finally, if the prohibition pertains to a descriptive attribute that is inseparable from the act, it entails invalidity. But if the description is separable and external, the act remains valid despite the prohibition
Development of Physical Activity Breaks During Changes in Learning Hours for Elementary School Students
Get PDFThis research aims to: (1) Produce a physical activity break movement product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students, packaged in the form of a guidebook. (2) Assess the feasibility of a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students. (3) Assess the practicality of a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students. This type of research is Research and Development, using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. The research subjects were teachers and students of elementary schools in Yogyakarta City. The trial included two stages: a small-scale trial subject (Ungaran 1 State Elementary School, Yogyakarta City), consisting of 1 teacher and 25 students, and a large-scale trial subject (Muhammadiyah Sagan Elementary School and Muhammadiyah Suronatan Elementary School, Yogyakarta City), composed of 2 teachers and 50 students. Before the trial, an expert validation process was conducted by two material experts, one media expert, and two practitioners. The instruments used in this study were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics expressed in percentages. The data collection technique used was the Delphi method. The results of the study show that: (1) This study produced a physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students, consisting of 10 forms of physical activity break movements that are "feasible" and "practical". (2) The physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students is categorized as "feasible". Based on the assessment of material experts of 90.83% (feasible), the assessment of media experts of 86.67% (feasible), and the assessment of practitioners of 97.50% (feasible). (3) The physical activity break product at the change of learning hours for elementary school students is categorized as "practical". Based on a small-scale trial, according to the practicality questionnaire by the teacher of 88.33% (practical) and the practicality questionnaire by the students of 82.80% (practical), as well as a large-scale trial, according to the practicality questionnaire by the teacher of 96.67% (practical) and the practicality questionnaire by the students of 84.67% (practical). Thus, it can be concluded that this research produced 10 forms of physical activity break movement activities that were "feasible" and "practical"
Political–Security Strategies for Conflict Resolution in Pakistan Based on Maximum Participation According to the Jurisprudence of Ahl al-Bayt
Get PDFGrounded in the jurisprudential foundations of the Ahl al-Bayt (Shi‘i legal tradition), this article formulates a political–security strategy of “maximal participation and acceptance of outcomes” to mitigate and resolve political conflicts in Pakistan. Using a descriptive–analytical method and library sources, the study first clarifies the concepts of strategy and conflict, then maps the main types of conflicts—political, cultural, and economic—within Pakistan’s context. The proposed framework rests on three pillars: political system efficiency, trust-building between state and society, and the enhancement of public satisfaction. It argues that theologically rooted principles—God-centered governance, rule of law, justice, equality, and non-violence—can transform adversarial competition into constructive participation. The paper’s contribution is an operational set of indicators for assessing maximal participation (e.g., transparency, accountability, social security, and distributive justice) and linking them to policy–security mechanisms for de-escalation. Findings suggest that when broad-based participation is coupled with institutional effectiveness and mutual trust, cycles of political instability are likely to diminish and pathways for stable governance and dispute resolution expand
Central Papua Government Policy on Forest Protection in Nabire Regency in the Perspective of Environmental Security
Get PDFThis research explores the Central Papua Government's measures related to forest protection in Nabire Regency from an environmental security perspective. The forest in Nabire, located in Central Papua, is an important ecosystem that has exceptional biodiversity and serves as a major source of livelihood and income for local communities. However, it is under serious threat from illegal logging, land conversion, and industrial exploitation including oil palm plantations and mining, with indigenous communities often sidelined in decision-making processes. The Central Papua Provincial Government has implemented a number of conservation policies, including forest rehabilitation, tree replanting, and partnerships with local communities and non-governmental organizations, to maintain forest sustainability and improve community welfare conditions. This research applies the environmental security framework and green theory to evaluate how effective these policies are in protecting environmental security as well as the rights of indigenous peoples. The findings of this analysis show that active government involvement and collaboration with indigenous peoples are essential to reduce the rate of forest destruction, although challenges in implementation on the ground are still very significant, especially related to law enforcement and capacity building of indigenous peoples
Ethical Challenges of Development in Organization from Islam Perspective
Get PDFThe ethical challenges of development in organizations from the perspective of Islam are complex, persistent, and emerging issues that each society and organization must seek to understand, analyze, and explain in accordance with their culture, values, and ethical standards. This article, using thematic analysis research methodology, attempts to identify the ethical challenges of development in organizations from an Islamic perspective. After extensive examination of Islamic sources, the researcher has determined that the ethical challenges of development in organizations from an Islamic perspective can be categorized under more than 120 fundamental themes at three levels: belief, behavior, and organizational structure. These challenges are identified as anti-development themes. Challenges at the belief level include fatalism, condemnation of worldly life, asceticism, contentment, patience, acceptance and submission, superstition, nostalgia, ancestor worship, and rigid traditionalism. Anti-development behaviors include dogmatism, violence, sectarianism, political movements, internal discord, fragmentation, tribalism, apathy, negligence, and resistance to modernization. Anti-development structures consist of authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and centralized governance. The most significant challenges contributing to the lack of development and progress in organizations and societies are: at the belief level -condemnation of worldly life, fatalism, superstition, nostalgia, and rigid traditionalism; at the behavioral level -dogmatism, violence, negligence, resistance to modernization, and tribalism; and at the structural level -authoritarianism, totalitarianism, and centralized governance, which have played a major role in the underdevelopment of organizations in Islamic countries