Tokyo Woman's Christian University Repository / 東京女子大学学術情報リポジトリ
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古典文学における夜と視線に関する覚書
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to reveal how the appearance of demons is described in Japanese classical literature. The eyes and the darkness of the night that obstructs them are key words. In ancient times, demons were invisible to humans, and therefore, they appeared at nighttime. However, from around the fourteenth century, changes can be observed in the people’s perception of the world. The distinction between the world of light where humans work, and the world of darkness where demons work, is lost, and the world of light becomes positioned in the world of darkness. We clarified this by extracting it from the concrete expression of Japanese classical literature in the Middle Ages, especially from Tsurezuregusa. For example, section 50 of Tsurezuregusa is a story about a woman turned into a demon while alive and brought to Kyoto. In this story, the demon woman appears in Kyoto, and is the subject of people’s interest. People are not afraid of the demon as they would have been in the past. In addition, people are even excited to see the demon. In the Middle Ages, due to changes in people’s perception of the world, the demon changed into something that can be seen by people. This indicates the birth of the idea that the night is beautiful because we cannot see in it
日本と韓国における介護保険制度および 在宅高齢者に対するケアマネジメントの比較分析
Get PDF韓国の老人長期療養保険制度は，日本の介護保険の基本的な枠組みを用いつつ独自の制度構築を行ってきた．最も大きな違いは，日本の介護保険がフルスペック型であるのに対し，保険財政上の理由から韓国はスペック限定型になっていることである．また，韓国はケアマネジメントを行う専門職であるケアマネジャーを創設しなかったことの影響が大きく，結果として日本にあるようなケアプランが存在しない．基盤整備が進んでいない中で，在宅サービスも施設サービスも個人経営を認める形で韓国は制度をスタートさせ，現在もその状況が継続していることによる影響も決して少なくない．在宅高齢者に対するケアマネジメントに関しても，韓国の場合，国民健康保険公団が全国で唯一の保険者になっているため，公団が作成する標準長期療養利用計画書が個々の利用者に提供されているが，果たしてこの計画書がケアプランになりうるのか，問題となっている．また，サービス提供事業者によるサービス提供計画書との関係性が問われるところである．ケアマネジメントについては，日韓それぞれに課題があることを明らかにした上で，ケアマネジメントの違いが生じる背景を，両国の介護保険法の目的の条文の規定に遡って明らかにすることを試みた．介護保険の設立趣旨には，要介護高齢者・認知症高齢者の自立支援を通じて生活の質の向上を図るという軸（高齢者モデルと呼ぶ）と要介護高齢者・認知症高齢者を支援する介護者家族のレスパイトを図るという軸（介護者家族モデルと呼ぶ）の2つの要素があるとの観点から，両国の介護保険法の目的の違いを明らかにした．The purpose of this research was to compare long-term care insurance and care management for frail elderly individuals living at home in South Korea and Japan. The study addresses four specific concerns. First, I clarify the current situation and critical limitations of long-term care insurance in South Korea and Japan. Second, I point out the differences between these countries in terms of eligibility for receiving services, as well as the personal costs and benefits in receiving residential services such as home-help aides or day services. Third, I delineate a process by which South Korea’s National Health Insurance Corporation could use the information from a 90-item questionnaire to provide a standard plan for long-term care benefits, in which care is graded on a range of 1 to 6. Finally, I specify the characteristics of long-term care insurance in South Korea and Japan.This comparative analysis has two major findings. First, South Korea’s long-term care insurance has unique traits, such as a system of paying individuals to care for their spouses or aged parents. Second, a standard plan for long-term care benefits would make it easy to match available resources with the needs of each recipient, so that recipients could get the insurance benefits they are due. However, the relationship between both plans, whole standard plan made by National Health Insurance Corporation and each benefit plan for each home-help service and day service provided by each service agent, is not clear. Further research is needed to clarify how South Korea’s long-term care insurance can be successful without professional care managers such as those used in Japan’s approach to long-term care management for elderly individuals who are frail or have dementia
本山修験略要の注釈的研究
Get PDFHonzan-Shugen Buddhism is one of the Japanese Buddhist traditions which emphasize ascetic practices in quiet places in deep forests or high mountains.The sect, Honzan-ha, was organized by practitioners including priests and laymen from the Middle Ages. Their doctrines are deeply related to the esoteric Buddhism of Tendai and Shingon Schools of Japanese Buddhism.“The Catechism of Honzan-Shugen Buddhism” was written by an unknown high priest and possessed by Shōgoin Temple in Kyoto. Edited by Keichō, an intelligent and respected high priest of the late Edo Period, this document offers a simple and clear outline of this traditional religious practice.「本山修験略要」は、江戸時代後期に編纂され、京都の聖護院に伝えられた漢文の文書である。本山派修験道の教理と実践の概略を示している。修験道の実践者をいくつかの類型に分けて相互の関係を明らかにしている。また、修験道と、密教および顕教との関係を明確に説き、それぞれの学修の方法について具体的な指針を示している。さらに、修験道独自の諸行事について、その社会的意義を明らかにしている。以上を始めとして、修験道の歴史的事実と今日におけるあり方を理解するのに有益な内容を有している。本研究では、この文書の全文を小節と項目に分かち、それらに対して、まず訓読として原漢文を日本語の文語に置き換え、次に解釈としてその意味を口語で記し、更に注記として理解を扶ける事柄について簡略に説明した