Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) / Вестник НГАУ (Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет)
Not a member yet
905 research outputs found
Sort by
ПОРАЖЕННОСТЬ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОРТОВ РАПСА НАИБОЛЕЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫМИ В ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ
Get PDFThe publication demonstrates research results received in 2008–2014 on studying rape varieties field resistance in the forest steppe of the Western Siberia. Periods of observation differed in weather conditions and defined different disease manifestation. The authors come to conclusion that downy mildew and Altelnaria blight are mostly occurred in agrocenoses of spring rape. Phytoimmunology estimation of spring rape on the background of natural infections demonstrates that varieties of Siberian selection differ in field resistance to the diseases. Sib NIIK-21 variety is the most resistant to downy mildew and Alternaria blight; disease progress is 2.6 times and 1.8 times lower in comparison with the standard SibNIIK-198 variety. The paper demonstrates Yubileyniy variety and ANIIZIS-4 variety are mostly resistant to Alternaria blight. These varieties can be applied in further selection as resistance sources. The publication shows SIBNIIK-198 variety is least resistant to downy mildew and Alternaria blight; disease progress index reached 65.6 % and 30 % correspondently.В 2008–20014 гг. проведены исследования по изучению полевой устойчивости разных сортов ярового рапса в условиях лесостепи Западной Сибири. Годы наблюдений различались по погодным условиям и определяли разное проявление болезней. Наибольшее развитие в агроценозах ярового рапса получили пероноспороз и альтернариоз. Фитоиммунологическая оценка сортов ярового рапса в полевых условиях на естественном инфекционном фоне в селекционных питомниках СибНИИ кормов показала, что сорта сибирской селекции обладают разной полевой устойчивостью к комплексу болезней. Наибольшей групповой полевой устойчивостью к пероноспорозу и альтернариозу обладает сорт СибНИИК-21 – развитие болезни по сравнению со стандартом (сорт СибНИИК-198) было в 2,6 и 1,8 раза ниже. Наименьшая восприимчивость к альтернариозу отмечена у сортов Юбилейный и АНИИЗИС-4. Эти сорта могут быть использованы в дальнейшем селекционном процессе в качестве источников устойчивости. Наиболее сильно поражался пероноспорозом и альтернариозом сорт СибНИИК-198 – индекс развития болезни достигал соответственно 65,6 и 30,0%
МЕТОД ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ВСХОЖЕСТИ ПШЕНИЦЫ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
No full textThe paper underlines the basic task for agriculture, which is considered as the best crop yield. The authors observe the wide range of requirements to the crop grain and the basic one is index of germination. This index is identified by GOST-12038-84 during some days whereas other approaches to calculation of germination index require more energy-intensive experiment. Index of germination can be calculated by means of analyzing bioelectric signals of grain. The researchers keep grain in the experimental device during 10 hours in order to get bioelectric signal, which is further fixed by means of steel electrodes. The signal is analyzed by software, which consists of expert system and module of initial treatment. The expert system includes indexes of bioelectric signals. The index of grain germination can be identified by means of express-analysis and full analysis. This complex allows reducing time expenditures and labour intensity for grain diagnostics. The authors point out getting the result 13-16 times less in comparison with GOST-12038-84. The system of calculating index of grain germination has shown efficiency of this approach to diagnostics of wheat grain germination
ЗООПЛАНКТОН ПЕРЕХОДНОЙ ЗОНЫ ОЗЕРА ЧАНЫ
Get PDFThe paper explores the research carried out from 1973 till 2010. The Chiniaikhinsky stretch is a transition area from oligohaline area of the Chany to mesohaline one. The stretch animal plankton contains 59 species of systematic groups; they are 28 rotifers, 24 Cladocera and 7 copepods. The stretch animal plankton belongs to fresh water aquaculture and some species belong to brackish water aquaculture. The main part of species is cosmopolitan. The researchers haven’t discovered exotic species and endemic species. Animal plankton development depends on the lake river and the Chulym and Kargat rivers runoff, which flow into the Chany lake. High-water years are characterized by fresh water fauna and dominating Mesocyclops (s. str.) leuckarti Claus, Daphnia longispina O. F. Müller, Chydorus sphaericus (O.F.M.). The authors observed brackish water fauna and dominating Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin), Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jur.), Arctodiaptomus salinus Daday in the low water years when water salinity exceeded 3 g/l. Abundance of animal plankton in the stretch varied from 623,5 thousand species/м3 to minimum 23,3 thousand species/м3; biomass of animal plankton reached maximum 24,2 g/м3 and minimum 1,2 g/м3. Changes in biomass depend on the level and abundance of dominating species, i. e. on the river runoff. The paper declares that total abundance and biomass were higher in 1973–1997 than in 1998–2010. This is explained by higher level of the river.Исследования зоопланктона проводились в период с 1973 по 2010 г. Чиняихинский плес является переходной зоной от олигогалинной к мезогалинной области оз. Чаны. Зоопланктон плеса представлен 59 видами из трех систематических групп: коловраток – 28, ветвистоусых ракообразных – 24, веслоногих ракообразных – 7. Зоопланктон плеса носит пресноводный характер. Незначительная часть видов относится к солоноватоводной фауне. Основная часть видов – космополиты. Редкие и эндемичные виды не обнаружены. Развитие зоопланктона зависит от водности, т. е. величины стока рек Чулыма и Каргата, впадающих в озеро, и уровня озера, который обеспечивается цикличными чередованиями многолетних фаз увлажненности территории. В мно- говодные годы в водоеме преобладала пресноводная фауна, доминировали три вида: Mesocyclops (s.str.) leuckarti Claus, Daphnia longispina O.F. Müller, Chydorus sphaericus (O.F.M.). В маловодные годы, когда соленость воды превышала 3 г/л, в водоеме наблюдалась солоноватоводная фауна, доминировали Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin), Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jur.), Arctodiaptomus salinus Daday. Численность и биомасса зоопланктона в плесе изменялась в очень широких пределах: максимальная численность достигала 623,5, минимальная – 23,3 тыс. экз./м 3 , максимальная биомасса – 24,2, минимальная – 1,2 г/м 3 . Изменения биомассы в большей степени зависят от уровня, численности доминирующих видов – от объемов стока рек. Общая численность и биомасса в период с 1973 по 1997 г. были значительно выше, чем в период с 1998 по 2010 г., что было обусловлено более высоким уровнем воды в более поздний период
ДИАГНОСТИКА ФУЗАРИОЗА МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ЛУКОВ В ПЕРИОД ВЕГЕТАЦИИ
Get PDFDiagnostic signs of the disease examined in 18 onion and rhizome salad onion species include the symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, leaf blade tips dying off, growth inhibition, withering, above-ground mass drying, rot and flower heads mummification, pedicle breaks, root and bulb rots. Light coats or sporiferous balls of pale gray, pinkish and orange color appear at the base of pseudostalk, leaves or their axils, pedicles and flower heads, which is characteristic of sick plants. For the first time, the symptom of “white spires” was revealed in salad onions attacked by fusariosis, which can be used as a marker in phytosanitary monitoring. It is marked that fusariosis infection can mask on plants looking as dark coats of hyphomycetes of Stemphylium, Alternaria and Heterosporium genera. Bright reddish spore carriers of disease causative agents are similar to small well-opened pustules of rust causative agents, Puccinia allii. It is established that phenophases of budding and flowering are the main dates to diagnose the disease visually on salad onions under the conditions of West Siberia forest-steppe
МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ РЫНКА МОЛОКА И МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ
No full textThe article explores and analyzes the peculiarities of dairy market regulation in the Western countries. This regulation in the EU countries and USA is aimed at dissolution of surplus production as the market is filling the needs. Demand for dairy production is stable and is even being reduced. Regulation mechanism has was changed and adapted to new challenges and tendencies of dairy industry. The number of dairy production per a person in Russia is lower than that in the developed countries. In the EU countries and USA market regulation is aimed at supporting the dairy producers by means of price regulation by economic measures and regulations. The system of market regulation contributes to the development of efficient economic self-management in the dairy sector based on cooperatives and other types of enterprises. This international experience is relevant as in the EU countries the main regulation mechanism is considered to be fixing the approximate market prices that provide cost effectiveness. The paper specifies that regulation mechanism should be based on effective legislation that can be applied at the national and regional levels. The authors make a case that state regulation of agriculture and dairy production should contain institutional and instrumental components. Dairy production cannot exist without state support. The higher production intensification is, the higher state support is. The development of efficient regulation mechanism of national dairy market should be based on the experience of European Union and USA and key methods and instruments used in these countries
Биологические ресурсы и оценка качества воды водотоков Верхней Оби
No full textThe article shows the experimental results on species diversity, the number and species biomass of feed hydrobionts and age structure of young fish in the Lugovaya anabranch of the upper Ob. The researchers found out a slight species diversity of zooplankton organisms where rotifer species prevailed according to the number and biomass of copepods during the vegetation period. The authors observed the small number of young daphnia among the Cladocera. The pedon of the Lugovaya anabranch consists of larvae and ent pupas of big and small chironomids, oligochaetes and biting midge larvae. The research has not found the larvae of caddis worms, caddis flies, mayflies and freshwater hoppers during the vegetation period of 2012. The fish fauna contained the larvae of Leuciscus leuciscus Linne of early and late development (from С2 to Е) and larvae of Leuciscus idus Linne of С2 - D2 development. The dace was a dominating specie; the total number of fish larvae was low even in the flood plain of the anabranch- 650 species per 100 cu m. The authors calculated the Shannon index of species diversity and analysed the level of pollution by means of Woodiviss index. The authors found out the pollution of the waters of the Lugovaya anabranch in the upper Ob in 2012. They highlight the relation between the species diversity of hydrobionts and water quality
АССОЦИАЦИЯ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА –824 А/G ГЕНА ФАКТОРА НЕКРОЗА ОПУХОЛИ АЛЬФА С ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ РОСТА ТЕЛЯТ
Get PDFThe paper provides research data on the search for genetic markers of Red Steppe animals growth and development. The indices are the ones of the most important breeding traits which influence the formation of constitution, exterior, productivity and vitality of animals. High rate of growth in the early postnatal period is preferable in economic terms. However, at present, there is a problem of heavy calving. As a consequence, the cows cannot recover long, they cannot fully realize their potential of productivity. The gene of tumor necrosis factor alpha codes for the multifunctional protein which, concurrently with immune response functions, plays an important part in general metabolism. Polymorphism –824 A/G of the gene of tumor necrosis factor alpha is examined with the method of polymerase chain reaction with concomitant analysis of restriction fragments lengths in the herd of Red Steppe cow breeds at the agricultural artel of the breeding-farm “Stepnoy” of German national district in Altai Krai. The frequency of the rare allele A in the sample of 57 animals examined made up 25%. Distribution of genotypes frequency corresponded to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium A true association of G/A genotype is established with decreased weight of calves at birth (p<0.05). No true differences among the animals with different genotypes were revealed in the sample concerned for the indices of average daily and relative gains
ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЯ И СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СРЕДСТВ И МЕТОДОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ УРОГЕНИТАЛЬНОГО МИКОПЛАЗМОЗА СОБАК
No full textThe article explores clinical and epizootological peculiarities of diseases the dogs’ reproductive system suffers from. The research applies immediate inoculation on selective growing mediums and PCR-method in order to find out mycoplasma and ureaplasma. The combination of PCR and inoculation is a controlling method of efficient treatment of genitourinary mycoplasmic infection. The authors define the frequency of mycoplasma and ureaplasma cases and find out the carrier stage of different mycoplasma and ureaplasma. The paper outlines the necessity to carry out monitoring of mycoplasma and ureaplasma carrier stage in the dogs populations. The authors recommend making diagnostics as a main antiepizootic measure useful for effective therapy and forecasting further disease progression and clinical outcome. The researchers develop the laboratory sample of homeopathic specimen Ovarinine for treatment the obstetric-gynecologic diseases. This specimen contains amicrobic aqueous solutions Apis mellifelica C12, Pulsatilla pratensis С30, Sulfur С200, Sepia С6, Creazotum C30, Lachesis C12 taken in equal parts. The authors suggest treating genitourinary mycoplasmic infection that combines application of antibacterial specimen Enroxil and homeopathic specimen Ovarinine as the research has proved efficiency of this treatment
CHANGES IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SIBERIAN STURGEON ACIPENSER BAERII WHEN APPLYING PROBIOTIC SPECIMEN AQUAPURINE
No full textThe article explores the changes in biochemical parameters of blood when applying probiotic aquapurine for the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii yearlings 2+ at the enterprise «Novosibirsk rybzavod». The experiment lasted 60 days and included blood sampling of 10 fish from each basin before using the specimen. The blood sampling was taken from the heart before feeding. The investigation of the blood biochemical parameters was carried out on semiautomatic biochemical analyser BioChemSA. The authors observed the maximum reducing of ALT and AST in the fish of the 3d experimental group which consumed the specimen dosed as 20 mcl/kg of mass. This certifies about detoxic and hepatoprotective features of the specimen. Aquapurine influenced the catabolism and anabolism of microelements and calcium metabolism of the sturgeons. The highest concentration of calcium in the blood was observed in the fish of the 3d experimental group. Aquapurine affects the protein metabolism as it is an immune stimulator. The concentration of protein in the blood serum depended on the dose of the specimen. The most efficient dose is concerned with application of 10 and 20 mcl/kg of the fish mass. The paper highlights that application of aquapurine improves the blood biochemical parameters of the sturgeons. Aquapurine stimulates the metabolic processes improves protein and mineral metabolism. The authors make a case about the most efficient application of the specimen which is 20 mcl/kg of the fish mass