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A Delayed Mathematical Model to break the life cycle of Anopheles Mosquito
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose a delayed mathematical model to break the life cycle of anopheles mosquito at the larva stage by incorporating a time delay τ at the larva stage that accounts for the period of growth or development to pupa. We prove local stability of the system’s equilibrium and find the critical values for Hopf bifurcation to occur. Also, we find that the system’s equilibrium undergoes stability switching from stable to periodic to unstable and vice versa when the time delay τ crosses the imaginary axis from the left half plane to the right half plane in the (Re,Im) plane. Finally, we perform some numerical simulations and the results agree well with the analytical analysis. This is the first time such a model is proposed
From Homo Abilis to Homo Rationalis through Analytic Perception and Mathematics
Get PDFStarting from the stage of “Homo habilis” man has gained - in the course of about two million years during which he has undergone a gradual evolution from the initial animal stage - its status as “Homo rationalis”. However, not all individuals are able to satisfactorily activate the skill of reasoning. It is undeniable that a fundamental step towards this activation is the development of mathematical skills, which are a common heritage of all human beings. Hence the need for more concrete and better coordinateddidactic approaches, ultimately leading to the basic concepts of this discipline, which has an essential role in the acquisition of rationality. Dall’Homo Abilis all’Homo Rationalis tramite la Percezione Analitica e la MatematicaA partire dall’Homo abilis, l’uomo ha conquistato – nel corso di circa 2 milioni di anni, in cui si è progressivamente allontanato da uno stadio bestiale – il suo status di Homo rationalis. Però non tutti gli individui sono in grado di attivare in modo soddisfacente le abiltà di ragionamento. È innegabile che una tappa fondamentale verso quest’attivazione sia costituita dallo sviluppo delle abilità matematiche, che sono patrimonio di ogni essere umano. Da ciò deriva la necessità di impostazioni didattiche più concrete e meglio coordinate, da cui far scaturire in modo comprensibile i concetti fondamentali di tale disciplina, che ha un ruolo essenziale per l’acquisizione della razionalità. Paole Chiave: filogenesi; memoria di specie; Homo sapiens sapiens; percezion
The pedagogical perspective of Jacques Maritain
Get PDFIn the extensive bibliography of Jacques Maritain, there is a book dealing with education titled "L'education à la croisée des chemins". It initially consists of the texts of four lectures held in 1943 at the Yale University, in the United States under the title "Education at the Crossroads", published for the first time in 1943. The contents of these conferences has been published by Fayard in 1959 with the title "Pour une philosophie de l’éducation". This essay by Maritain was later re-modeled to the last edition in French (1969). The work outlines the main coordinates of the educational philosophy of Jacques Maritain, and consists of four sections: I. The errors of contemporary pedagogy; II. The educational relationship; III. Liberal education; IV. Complementary tasks. Maritain emphasizes persons' formation as the primary purpose of education to the American pragmatism and European rationalism, noting that every educational project, of every background it may be, always implies a precise anthropology, sometimes implied. The educational relationship is to avoid the double error of a conception "despotic" on the part of the teacher and of a conception "anarchist" by the pupil. Education must tend to unity of knowledge, making sure that the learning process begins from the experience, but always ends in reason. The final chapters relate more specifically to the organization of education in America, but the first two chapters offer a real philosophical approach to education. This is based on a vision of the person who activates the spiritual dimension, undermined by the development of an individual's technical design. "Education at the crossroads" (which is located in the French neo-Thomism, philosophical and theological contemporary movement focused on the recovery of the thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, who is considered, with appropriate adaptations and interpretations, source of knowledge and imperishable spiritual guides) speaks to the need for "education" of the man based on its core value.The work also contains the Maritain's view of the role of the school in society, with particular reference to the situation in the United States and France during the era of his contemporary. La prospettiva pedagogica di Jacques MaritainNella vasta bibliografia di Jacques Maritain, un libro si occupa direttamente dell'istruzione: “L'education à la croisée des chemins”, costituito inizialmente dai testi di quattro lezioni tenute nel 1943, all’Università di Yale, negli Stati Uniti e raccolte sotto il titolo Education at the Crossroads, pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1943. Il materiale di queste conferenze sarà pubblicato anche da Fayard nel 1959 con il titolo "Pour une philosophie de l’éducation". Questo saggio di Maritain fu in seguito ritoccato, fino all’ultima edizione in lingua francese (1969). L’opera espone le coordinate principali della filosofia dell’educazione di Jacques Maritain, composto in quattro sezioni: I. Gli errori della pedagogia contemporanea; II. La relazione educativa; III. L’educazione liberale; IV. Compiti complementari. Maritain insiste sulla formazione della persona quale fine primario dell’educazione nei confronti del pragmatismo americano e del razionalismo europeo, rilevando che ogni progetto educativo, di qualunque estrazione esso sia, sottende sempre una precisa antropologia, talvolta implicita. La relazione educativa deve evitare il duplice errore di una concezione “dispotica” da parte del maestro e di una concezione “anarchica” da parte dell’alunno. L’educazione deve tendere all’unità del sapere, facendo in modo che il processo di apprendimento cominci dall’esperienza, ma termini sempre nella ragione. I capitoli finali si riferiscono più specificamente all’organizzazione dell'istruzione in America, ma i primi due capitoli, su cui concentreremo la nostra attenzione, offrono un vero e proprio approccio filosofico all’istruzione. Questo si basa su una visione della persona che riattiva la dimensione spirituale, minato dallo sviluppo di una concezione tecnica dell'individuo. “L’Educazione al bivio” (che si situa nel neotomismo francese, movimento filosofico-teologico contemporaneo incentrato sul recupero del pensiero di San Tommaso d'Aquino, che è considerato, con opportuni adattamenti e reinterpretazioni, fonte di sapere e guide spirituali imperiture) parla proprio della necessità di un ‟educazione” dell’uomo basata sul suo valore essenziale. L’opera contiene anche la visione di Maritain sul ruolo della scuola nella società, con particolare riferimento alla situazione degli Stati Uniti e della Francia durante l’epoca a lui contemporanea.Parole Chiave: educazione, scuola, Maritain, pedagogia, umanesimo
Helix-Hopes on Finite Hyperfields
Get PDFHyperstructure theory can overcome restrictions which ordinary algebraic structures have. A hyperproduct on non-square ordinary matrices can be defined by using the so called helix-hyperoperations. We study the helix-hyperstructures on the representations using ordinary fields. The related theory can be faced by defining the hyperproduct on the set of non square matrices. The main tools of the Hyperstructure Theory are the fundamental relations which connect the largest class of hyperstructures, the Hv-structures, with the corresponding classical ones. We focus on finite dimensional helix-hyperstructures and on small Hv-fields, as well.
The Social Status of the Artist in the Fifteenth Century: Art and Mathematics
Get PDFIn the fifteenth century it begins the change of status of the artist, metamorphosis that is to pass from the condition of craftsman to that of artist. The different parallel that are made during that time between painting and poetry, mathematical content regarding the artwork, represent aspects used by the artists to demonstrate the intellectual character of their art. Lo Status Sociale dell’Artista nel Quattrocento: Arte e MatematicaNel Quattrocento inizia il cambiamento dello status dell’artista, metamorfosi che consiste nel passaggio dalla condizione di artigiano a quella di artista. I diversi paralleli che si fanno in quel periodo tra pittura e poesia, i contenuti matematici inerenti l’opera d’arte, rappresentano aspetti usati dagli artisti stessi per dimostrare il carattere intellettuale della loro arte.Parole chiave: arte e matematica, Quattrocento,prospettiva,bottega, arte e artigianat
A Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Evaluation of Social Housing Proposals: from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to the Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Get PDFSocial housing requires appropriate evaluation models of projects, considering them from multiple perspectives: architectural, technical, environmental, economic, financial, paying particular attention to social aspects. The study proposes the use of a multi criteria evaluation model, based on the hierarchical (AHP) and network (ANP) analysis, as support in decision-making to guide practitioners and policy on the choice among alternative interventions. These methods allow to consider the overall effect of projects on urban system and the different points of view of those concerned, in an integrated and participatory approach. Interesting research perspectives concern the application of these evaluation approaches to case studies related to neighborhoods in which urban planning provides for social housing. The analysis will address the recent proposals for social housing in the city of Pescara (Italy), and in particular the urban transformation that is expected to achieve by means of the Integrated Urban Development Programme on the south-west of the city, whose regeneration was started by the Community Programme Urban 2. Un’Analisi Multi Criteri per la Valutazione delle Proposte di Housing Sociale: dall’Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) all’Analytic Network Process (ANP)I modelli insediativi di social housing richiedono idonei strumenti valutativi degli interventi immobiliari, considerandoli da molteplici punti di vista: architettonici, urbanistici, ambientali, economici, finanziari, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti sociali. Lo studio propone l’impiego di un modello valutativo multicriteri basato sull’analisi gerarchica (AHP) e a rete (ANP), come supporto ai processi decisionali riguardanti la scelta tra interventi alternativi di edilizia residenziale sociale, considerando il loro effetto complessivo sul sistema urbano secondo un approccio integrato e partecipativo.Parole Chiave: analisi multicriteri, edilizia residenziale sociale sostenibile, strutturazione del problema decisional
Construction of the Tangent to a Cycloid Proposed by Wallis and Fermat
Get PDFIn this paper some methods used in the XVII century for the construction of the tangents to a cycloid in a point are exposed: the kinematical method employed by Roberval, the classical geometrical method used by Wallis and the Fermat’s construction as a consequence of his tangents method.Le Costruzioni della Tangente alla Cicloide Proposte da Wallis e da FermatIn questo lavoro sono esposti vari metodi in uso nel ‘600 per la costruzione della tangente ad una cicloide in un suo punto: il metodo cinematico impiegato da Roberval, il metodo geometrico classico usato dal Wallis e la costruzione di Fermat come conseguenza del suo metodo delle tangenti.Parole Chiave: Cicloide, Tangente ad una curva, Metodo cinematico delle tangenti, Metodo delle tangenti di Fermat
Information and Intertemporal Choices in Multi-Agent Decision Problems
Get PDFPsychological evidences of impulsivity and false consensus effect lead results far from rationality. It is shown that impulsivitymodifies the discount function of each individual, and false consensus effect increases the degree of consensus in a multi-agent decision problem. Analyzing them together we note that in strategic interactions these two human factors involve choices which change equilibriums expected by rational individuals
Verification of the mathematically computed impact of the relief gradient to vehicle speed
Get PDFTerrain traficability is one of the key activities of military planning, firefighting and emergency interventions. Terrain traficability is affected by many factors and terrain slope is one of them. Deceleration ratio that represents the influence of slope inclination is dependent on a technical attributes of vehicle. The results of field terrain tests suggest that deceleration ratio established via calculation does not have to correspond with practical experience
A geometric view on Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a generalization of it to non-linear dependencies
Get PDFMeasuring strength or degree of statistical dependence between two random variables is a common problem in many domains. Pearson’s correlation coefficient ρ is an accurate measure of linear dependence. We show that ρ is a normalized, Euclidean type distance between joint probability distribution of the two random variables and that when their independence is assumed while keeping their marginal distributions. And the normalizing constant is the geometric mean of two maximal distances; each between the joint probability distribution when the full linear dependence is assumed while preserving respective marginal distribution and that when the independence is assumed. Usage of it is restricted to linear dependence because it is based on Euclidean type distances that are generally not metrics and considered full dependence is linear. Therefore, we argue that if a suitable distance metric is used while considering all possible maximal dependences then it can measure any non-linear dependence. But then, one must define all the full dependences. Hellinger distance that is a metric can be used as the distance measure between probability distributions and obtain a generalization of ρ for the discrete case