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Contexts of offerings and ritual maize in the pictographic record in Central Mexico
No full textThe objective of this article is an initial enquiry into the evidence and classification of the offerings of maize in Central Mexico from the Classic period to early colonial times. In order to achieve this goal, we will analyse the presence of maize in Central Mexico according to the evidence found in mural paintings and some pictographic codices. Two Mesoamerican cultures will be considered to achieve our analysis: the Teotihuacan and Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Maize was instrumental in the performance of daily rituals and in the diet of these ancient Mesoamerican cultures and the cereal also had sacred connotations in pre-Hispanic, colonial and contemporary narratives. We suggest this by reading the iconographic and symbolic representations of corn in the form of seeds and pods, or as an ingredient in cooked foods which are represented in the mural paintings of Teotihuacan as well as some codices of the post-Classic Nahua tradition. These methodological enquiries reveal evidence of a cultural continuity in Central Mexico as a contrasting perspective on the archaeological and ethno-historical period.
Jeesuksen vertaukset – Monimutkaiset tietolähteet historian Jeesuksesta
Get PDFTässä artikkelissa analysoidaan kysymystä siitä, millä tavoin Jeesuksen vertaukset voivat välittää tietoa historian Jeesuksesta. Kirjoittaja osoittaa, että vertauksen eri osat – kertomukset, niiden tulkintatavat ja sanomat – välittävät erityyppistä tietoa. Lisäksi artikkelissa keskustellaan siitä, miten tähän tietoon mahdollisesti vaikuttavat tulkitsijan tekemät omat päätökset
Birger Gerhardssonin näkemys Jeesus-traditioiden välittymisestä – Miten rabbiinisen mallin esittäminen edisti tieteellistä keskustelua?
Get PDFTässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan kriittisesti Birger Gerhardssonin näkemystä Jeesus-traditioiden välittämisestä. Gerhardssonin keskeisen väitteen mukaan evankeliumeita edeltäneitä suullisia traditioita välitettiin muodollisen kontrolloidusti ja tavoilla, jotka muistuttivat rabbien opetus- ja muistitekniikoita. Artikkelissa esitetään, että hänen teoksensa, joka aluksi torjuttiin, auttoi tutkijoita myöhemmin ymmärtämään, että välittämisprosessia kontrolloivat muotokriittisen ajatuksen mukaisen nimettömän yhteisön sijasta auktoriteettiasemassa olevat yksilöt
Effect of thermal and chemical modifications of excipients on the compressional properties of paracetamol tablet formulations containing Corn, Cassava and Sweet Potato starches as filler-binders
Get PDFThe effects of thermal and chemical modifications of cassava and sweet potato starches on the properties of directly compressed paracetamol tablets in comparison with official corn starch were determined. Fresh tubers of cassava plant, Manihot esculenta Crantz (family Euphorbiaceae), and sweet potato plant Ipomoea batatas L. Lam (family Convolvulaceae) were sourced and the natural, acetylated and pregelatinised forms of the botanical starches were prepared with Corn starch BP as the standard. Paracetamol tablet formulations (500mg) were prepared by direct compression using the starches at various concentrations. The compressional properties of the tablets were evaluated using Heckel, Kawakita and Gurnham equations. Modification of the starches produced a reduction in Pk (an inverse measure of plasticity) values in the paracetamol formulations at low starch concentrations (10.0% to 25.0%), indicating an increase in the total amount of plastic flow. The Pk values increased with starch modification at higher starch concentrations (≥ 50.0%). Tablets containing corn starch showed higher c values of the Gurnham equation suggesting greater densification. Thermal and chemical modification of the experimental starches improved the compressional properties of directly compressed paracetamol tablet formulations, and thus they can be developed for use as pharmaceutical excipients
Charismatic Christianity and Pentecostal churches in Estonia from a historical perspective
No full textThis article focuses on the history of Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity in Estonia from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century. From the 1870s onwards a series of religious revivals in Estonia created the context for the emergence of the Pentecostal movement in the early twentieth century. Proto-Pentecostalism at the beginning of the century transformed into a fully-fledged Pentecostalism in the 1920s with the involvement of foreign missionaries from Sweden as well as from Finland. The Finnish connection became important in the late 1960s with the emergence of a charismatic Pentecostal revival in the evangelical Christian churches, as well as amongst the Baptists in Tallinn. By the late 1970s the prayer revival had transformed into a healing ministry and this had an impact on the charismatic movement in the Soviet Union. The foreign impact on Pentecostal and charismatic movements in Estonia has also been important from the late 1980s onwards. There has been considerable diversification of the charismatic and Pentecostal traditions in Estonia since the 1990s, and the trends have reflected general changes in charismatic Christianity. Although internally diverse the charismatic Christianity (including the Pentecostals) may well be by now the second largest Protestant tradition in Estonia
Symbolsk og veristisk identitet: Portrettkunst i Burgund 1380–1480
Get PDFTitle: Symbolic and Veristic Identity: Portraiture at the Court of Burgundy 1380-1480In the history of Western art, one tends to see the renaissance as the time when portraiture starts to denominate representations of particular individuals, one of many rebirths of the Roman Antiquity. However, in the mid-fourteenth century, veristic portraiture had already re-emerged to supplement symbolic representations of identity in representations of European rulers at the then most prominent European courts, i.e. in Paris, London, Vienna and Prague, as testified by the famous portrait of the French king, John the Good (d. 1364), now in the Louvre. In this article, I will concentrate on portraits of the Valois dukes of Burgundy, Philippe the Bold (d. 1404), John the Fearless (d. 1419), Phillippe the Good (d. 1467) and Charles the Bold (d. 1477). The portraits in question will be addressed in the light of the patrons’ and the artists’ awareness of the concept of ‘likeness,’ looking at how this concept shines through as either a symbolic or a veristic identity in the representations of the dukes
Esipuhe suomalaiselle ja kansainväliselle lukijalle
Get PDFEnsimmäisen IESUS ABOENSIS -journalin esipuhe
Hippiedom and the American religious landscape
No full textThe Jesus People Movement: A Story of Spiritual Revolution among the Hippies by Richard Bustraan (2014) is reviewed by Dan Sundqvist
Birger Gerhardsson on the Transmission of Jesus Traditions – How Did the Rabbinic Model Advance a Scholarly Discourse?
Get PDFIn this article, Birger Gerhardsson's view on the transmission of the Jesus traditions is critically discussed. Gerhardsson's basic thesis was that the pre-Gospel oral tradition was formally controlled and handed down in manners reminiscent of rabbinic teaching and mnemonic techniques. This paper argues that his work, which was initially rejected, enabled later scholars to recognize that there were authoritative individuals exercising control over the transmission process, as opposed to the form-critical notions of anonymous community