Universidade Luterana do Brasil: Periódicos ULBRA
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Para que não nos sequestrem a diferença: entre a poética e a política no teatro contemporâneo latino-americano.
Get PDFO artigo propõe um ponto de vista acerca do teatro latino-americano contemporâneo, indagando um entre da sua aposta poética e política. Se contextualiza esta discussão na virada cênica, que alguns teóricos deste teatro têm percebido, principalmente, a inícios da década de 1980, em pugna com uma noção didática dessa arte. A partir de uma revisão dessa divergência são derivados, considerando o âmbito da cultura e da história, conceitos tais como montagem, lapsus e desacato para perceber, em um contexto neoliberal, a força crítica desta cena na atualidade
The Formulation of Hypotheses in Mathematical Modelling Activities
Get PDFBackground: The formulation of hypotheses in mathematical modeling activities, although it has been pointed out as one of the specificities of this kind of activities, it is still little discussed by the research in the area of mathematical modeling. Purpose: In this paper we look for influences on mathematical modeling activities arising from the formulation of hypotheses. Design: Our statements are based on a theoretical framework about Wittgenstein's philosophy and previous studies related to hypotheses’ formulation as well as an empirical research. Scenario and participants: Modeling activities were performed by groups of students from different degrees. Data collection: In modeling classes, data were collected through audio and video recordings. The students also delivered the written records they produced. Findings: The findings indicate three categories for the formulation of hypotheses: hypotheses are formulated based on the students' view of the situation; hypotheses are based on students' experiences; hypotheses influence students' choices at different stages of the activity's development. Conclusion: The research concludes that the hypotheses determine the idealized situation, guide the mathematization and direct the students' actions in the development of the activity. In Wittgenstein's philosophical perspective, hypotheses are a way of perceiving reality and new experiences can lead to other formulations
The effects of a STEM approach on Pre-service elementary teachers’ subject matter knowledge about sound
Get PDFBackground: This study aims to examine the effects of STEM activities, focused on inquiry-based learning, on pre-service elementary teachers’ subject matter knowledge about sound phenomena and concepts. A qualitative and interpretive methodology was used. Setting and Participants: The participants are nine pre-service teachers, studying in a Portuguese Higher School of Education. These pre-service teachers were enrolled in the Chemistry and Physics Sciences course in the first year of the Degree in Basic Education. Data collection and analysis: Two data collection methods were used: (i) students’ productions developed through six STEM activities that included concepts about sound, such as production of sound vibration, wave, transmission, velocity, and loudness and (ii) field notes collected by the first author of this article. To analyse the data, an inductive strategy of content analysis was used. Results: Results showed that pre-service teachers revealed many misconceptions about concepts of sound and pointed to an evolution on pre-service teachers’ subject matter knowledge. These results demonstrated that the STEM approach favoured an active involvement of pre-service teachers in their learning, connecting contents to real-life. Conclusions: Results encourage further research on the impacts of a STEM approach in PTs pedagogical content knowledge
EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND BREASTFEEDING: INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN GOOGLE VERSUS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Get PDFObjective: Investigate the sources and type of information available on the internet regarding the association between breastfeeding and dental caries.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Google search engine to gather information on the association between breastfeeding and dental caries. The sample was composed of the first 100 search results. For each result, the following variables were collected: order of appearance, source of information, year, information on breastfeeding and caries (protective effect, risk factor, or undefined), and whether the result cites a scientific source. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test to investigate whether the information available on the association between breastfeeding and dental caries varied in accordance with the source of information and the order of appearance of the result on the internet.Results: The most frequent sources of information on the internet were blogs of healthcare providers (n=38), scientific articles (n=20), blogs/sites of laypersons (n=15), and undergraduate course completion papers (n=15). Only 31% of the results reported that breastfeeding is associated with the occurrence of early childhood caries and this result was significantly higher (p=0.004) when the source was a healthcare provider (34.2%) than a layperson (19.0%). The declaration that there is no association between exposure and outcome was more frequent in the first results compared to those that appeared subsequently (p=0.018).Conclusion: Information available in Google on the association between breastfeeding and early childhood caries is not in agreement with the available scientific evidence, especially when laypersons are the source
The Interpretation of Statistical Graphs Given in the Press: Advancing Towards Citizen Training
Get PDFBackground: Statistical graphs in communication media validates that which communicates, considering that every media has editorial orientation, and is central to the development of citizen capacity for the critical interpretation of graph information. So it is necessary to understand the processes of interpreting graphs in communication media to improve statistical learning. Objective: Systematise elements that concur to the action of critical interpretation of the statistical graphs used in communication media. Design: From the socioepistemology and two studies, we focus on the analysis of textualities of the interpretations of graphs published in the press. We characterise operational, perceptual, and experiential elements that concur to the construction of meanings regarding the graphic phenomenon. Setting and Participants: This research was done with two groups: students from the 11th grade of schooling in Chile, who carry out an interpreting activity; and university statistics professors from Peru and Chile, who answered a semi-structured interview. Data analysis: Through the content analysis of textualities, units of meaning are identified from open encodings, grouped according to operational, perceptual or experiential aspects. Results: The act of interpreting graphs constitutes a space of epistemic activity that allows us to know the graph. In particular, the use of qualitative and perceptual comparisons that make the interpretation permeable to tendentious modifications of graphic elements is evident. Conclusions: It is necessary to incorporate press graphs into didactic designs, with a socio-critical discussion regarding the use of graphs in communication, to strengthen citizenship
Dois países, contextos diversos de produção de masculinidades e mercados do sexo: identificando pedagogias do gênero e circulação de saberes
Get PDFResumo: A partir dos achados em dois projetos de pesquisa, na Costa Rica e no Brasil, lidando com dois contextos diversos, a cultura escolar e os mercados do sexo de homens para homens, estabelece-se um diálogo em torno de aprendizagens, conhecimentos e experiências. Utilizamos os conceitos de cultura escolar, pedagogias culturais, pedagogias do gênero e da sexualidade, proliferação de locais de aprendizagem, currículo cultural e circulação de saberes. As análises estão centradas em torno de questões de gênero e do pertencimento ao terreno de produção das masculinidades, mas buscamos dialogar com alguns outros marcadores sociais da diferença. A análise enfatiza a centralidade das negociações em torno do gênero, dentro e fora da escola, e com isso fornece elementos para discutir com os movimentos de cunho conservador, como o movimento "ideologia de gênero", que advogam pela não necessidade do debate em torno das desigualdades de gênero, na escola ou fora dela
A Lesson Study with Mathematics Teachers: Learning About Communication in the Classroom
Get PDFBackground: Orchestrating classroom communication is one of the challenges for teachers in exploratory lessons. Objectives: We aim to understand how the participation of secondary school teachers in a lesson study based on an exploratory approach promotes the development of their knowledge about classroom communication. Design: The research is qualitative and interpretative. Setting and Participants: The participants are three secondary school teachers who were willing to participate. Data collection and analysis: Data were collected through participant observation (with research journal and audio/video recording), document collection, and a focus group interview. Results: During the students’ autonomous work, although with different actions, closed progress details and open progress initiatives, the teachers listened to small-group discussions and used them as a starting point to support the students, asking them to explain their answers without pointing out the strategy to follow, according to what they discussed in the planning sessions. During the whole-class discussion, the teachers promoted the comparison of different representations and invited the students to explain and justify their answers, as they had planned, but also considered answers that they did not anticipate. After observing the research lesson, the teachers reflected about the students’ explanations, valuing their clarity, and referring to them as an opportunity for the teacher to understand how the students were thinking. Conclusions: The results suggest that lesson study is a professional development process in which secondary school teachers have the opportunity to deepen their knowledge about classroom communication
OBESITY AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE ARE INVERSELY ASSOCIATED IN A POPULATION OF ADULTS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Get PDFObjective: Investigate the association between obesity (measured using the body mass index and abdominal circumference) and periodontal disease in adults.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 280 adults (102 men and 178 women) who sought dental care at the clinic of the dentistry course of the Lutheran University of Brazil (Cachoeira do Sul campus). The participants answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic, demographic, behavioral and health-related characteristics. Height, body weight and waist measurements were determined in a standardized way for the calculation of the variables used to define obesity: body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference (AC). Oral clinical examinations were performed by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises. Periodontal disease was recorded when clinical attachment loss was ≥ 5 mm in ≥ 30% of the teeth. Statistical analysis involved simple and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance.Results: The prevalence of periodontal disease was 49.6% (139/280). The multivariate models indicated a lower likelihood of periodontal disease in individuals considered obese based on BMI (PR=0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.88) and AC (PR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.55-0.93). Moreover, the prevalence of the outcome was significantly higher in older individuals, those with less schooling, smokers and individuals with diabetes.Conclusion: An inverse association was found between obesity measured using both criteria and periodontal disease. The present data suggest that care and counseling for the prevention and control of periodontal disease should be equally directed at individuals in the ideal weight range as well as those with overweight or obesity
Two Fish Moving in their Seas: How does the Body Language of Teachers Show itself who Teach Mathematical Equations?
Get PDFBackground: “Culture hides much more than it reveals and, strangely enough, what it hides, it hides more effectively from its own participants” (Hall, 1959, p. 39). This quote corresponds well to a Persian proverb, also a well-known aphorism that has been widely cited in many ethnographic articles: “a fish will be the last to discover water.” Being immersed in water, surrounded by it, makes it invisible and almost impossible to perceive. In other words, we often do not know our interactional behaviour as mathematics teachers when we perform it in our usual and localised professional practice. Objective: To discuss mathematics teacher’s body language when teaching equations and thus perceive this language in terms of possible fruitful educational action when teaching equations in the classroom. Design: Qualitative methodology. Data collection and analysis: Based on theoretical references that deal with body language, corporeality, and perception, we analysed individually and comparatively the classes of two mathematics teachers who taught equations in Birmingham (United Kingdom) and Rolante (Brazil). Thus, particularly attentive to mathematical culture in the classroom and analysing the localised gestures in the teachers’ teaching of equations and the non-verbal behaviour, we can understand mathematics teaching through body movement, which often goes unnoticed. Results: We understand from the results of this research that perceiving the body language of mathematics teachers, which is produced with speech, gives us indications of the materialisation of the meanings attributed to the equation and how this will possibly affect the very constitution of the student’s mathematical knowledge, in terms of possible meanings attributed to each gesture. Conclusions: We consider that knowing the body language can favour the teacher’s teaching, i.e., metaphorically, knowing the sea can favour the fish to swim