Anglisticum - Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies, Macedonia
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THE MIGRATION OF ALBANIANS TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS DURING THE FIRST TWO DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Full text linkEconomic, social and political conditions forced Albanians throughout the centuries to move abroad in search of a better life. Depending on time and circumstances Albanians migrated to Italy, Egypt, Turkey, Romania, etc., where they formed their communities. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a new opportunity opened to Albanians - migration to the distant continent of America, previously unknown to Albanians. Many Albanians moved and settled in the USA. Initially, they faced numerous challenges, but later adapted to their new life. In order to preserve their culture and identity, they established an Albanian community in order to maintain their ties to their homeland. The article “The migration of Albanians to the United States of America - challenges and achievements during the first two decades of the twentieth century”, aims to elaborate on the circumstances that led to the migration of Albanians, the organization of the Albanian community in the US, challenges and achievements in the field of education and culture, as well as political activity in favor of the national issue during the first two decades of the twentieth century.Keywords: Migration, United States, Albanians, Vatra, Fan Noli, Boston, etc
SOME DATA ON THE MASSACRE IN THE VILLAGE OF IZBICË, MARCH 1999
Full text linkThe study sheds light on serious crimes of genocide level that the military, paramilitary armed forces and police of the FRY and Serbia have committed in Kosovo, with special emphasis the village of Izbicë in the municipality of Skenderaj. Archival documents, scientific literature as well as interviews in the field, which I have analyzed, treated and carried out during the scientific researches, have clearly proven that the scale of crimes against the civilian population increased in 1999, specifically from the month of March, when the OSCE observers began to withdraw from the field. Released from the pressure of international observers, numerous Serbian military, police and paramilitary forces began actions against the Albanian civilian population throughout Kosova, but the greatest intensity was in Drenica where all age groups and both sexes were not spared, showing strong evidence that Serbia as a state has committed crimes against the civilian population, respectively against children, women and the elderly, such was the massacre in the village of Izbicë where Serbian forces killed, executed, massacred in in a few days 147 Albanian civilians.Keywords: Drenica, Izbica, Albanian civilians, Serbian military, police and paramilitary forces
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YOUTH TEXTS BY OSCAR WILD AND CIRIL KOSMAČ
Full text linkOscar Wilde or Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854–1900) is an Irish poet, writer and playwright who became famous for his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) and dramatic texts. It is known that Wilde wrote two books of fairy tales for his two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan, namely The Happy Prince and Other Stories (1888) and A House of Pomegranates (1891). In total, he wrote only nine authorial tales for the double addressee (The Great Rocket, Infantina’s Birthday, The Young King, The Fisherman and His Soul, The Selfish Giant, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Happy Prince, The Loyal Friend and The Star - Child). His fairy tales have a special place in world youth literature precisely because of the openness of the addressee–the text is intended for children and the context for adults. Young addressees are also surprised to read his texts because there is no ‘happy ending,’ as is typical of the folk tale model. Wilde’s distinctly authorial tales have a mostly tragic ending. Ciril Kosmač (1910–1980) is a contemporary classic in Slovenian (youth) literature. He is better known as an adult author and less well known as a youth author. He wrote eleven texts for young addressees, namely Kamen in njiva (Stone and Field), Kdo bo zobal češnje (Who will Eat the Cherries), Kovač in hudič (The Blacksmith and the Devil), Kruh (The Bread), Medvejke (The Bears), Pravljica o maku (The Tale of the Poppy), Pravljica o velikem mlinu (The Tale of the Great Mill), Vrnitev Martina Jakončiča (The Return of Martin Jakončič), Ringaraja, Smrt nedolžnega velikana (The Death of an Innocent Giant), Sreča (The Happiness), and Vgaju (In the Grove). His youthful work can be divided into realistic (Kdobozobalčešnje, Kovačinhudič, Kruh, Medvejke, Pravljica o velikem mlinu, Ringaraja, Smrt nedolžnega velikana, Sreča, Vgaju) and fantastic (Kameninnjiva, Pravljicaomaku) texts. Authentic authorial tales are Kamen in njiva, which is associatively distant from the Korean tale The Stone, and Pravljica o maku. Keywords: fairy tales, motif, myth, ethics, symbolism, etc
RUBA’IAT OF OMAR KHAYYAM IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE RUSSIAN SCIENTIST Z.N.VOROJEYKINA
Full text linkIn this article, Z.N.Vorozheykina, first of all, paid attention to the socio-ethical events that were the focus of the poet's attention, and in this context, analyzed the meaning and ideological essence of the poet's rubai, and in the article "Umar Khayyom and Khayyom's rubai" first Khayyom indicates the sources that informed him as a poet. In particular, he mentions the testimonies of "Khayyam's younger contemporary, historian Abulhasan Bayhaqi", Arabic-speaking historian Kifti, Arabic-speaking jurist Najmuddin Razi about "Khayyam's Arabic poems and his Persian rubai". This scientist singles out Khayyam's poetry in the rubai genre and considers "the main content of his poems to be philosophical and joyous lyrics." In this context, analyzing Khayyam's Rubaiyat based on a mental approach, he comes to the conclusion that it is a "great idea". Taking into account the personality of the poet Khayyam, that is, the confirmation of the right of every person living on earth to live happily, allows us to consider Khayyam the greatest humanist of the past," he says (45, 13). From this point of view, the researcher analyzes samples from Khayyam's Rubaiyat. and shows its essence and main approaches of thought. Segregation of Khayyam's work into the world of topics, identification of ideological directions, recognition and evaluation of Khayyam's work, the merits of this orientalist are very great. Omar Khayyam's biography occupies a special place in Russian oriental studies. In the scientific works devoted to the study of this topic, issues such as his birthplace, social status, date and place of birth, personal and family life, and his relationship with his contemporaries were evaluated from different angles.
Keywords: rubai, Khayyam studies, scientific, material and spiritual point of view, social justice, humanitarianism
MAPPING CULTURAL HERITAGE IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT - THE SLOVENIAN UNIQUE - PAINTED BEEHIVE PANELS (USING ICT IN THE CLASSROOM)
Full text linkRepublic of Slovenia is the only European Union Member State to have protected its native bee [The Carniolian bee (Apis mellifera carnica)]. Slovenian Ethnographic Museum have preserved about one thousand of original beehive panels and they have permanent online exhibition of painting beehive panels. The academic book on painted beehive panels is based on the collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum.
Keywords: mapping, cultural heritage, literary culture, painted beehive panels, ICT, Google Maps
THE VIEWS OF JADIDS ON NATIONAL PHONETICS
Full text linkIn Uzbek linguistics, the period until the age of 40 has not been sufficiently studied; therefore, the merits of the Uzbek enlighteners in the development of the national Uzbek literary language remain aloof from the attention of specialists. As a result, the conclusion was improperly formed in the literature on linguistics that the Uzbek language began to develop in the 1940s. In fact, during this period, the loyal nations, which entered the pages of history under the name “Jadids,” carried out serious activities to develop literary norms of the Uzbek language and to study our national language, which has its own rules and patterns. The article examines precisely that little-studied period of our linguistics. The paper mainly analyzes two main problems. First, the Jadids' perspective on the syngarmonism phenomenon—a feature shared by all Turkic languages—was noteworthy. The opinions of experts on this phenomenon are presented here, since the Uzbek language is based on many dialects. And also, their opinion is given on the subordination of borrowed words to this pattern, and the author’s own opinion on this problem is stated as well. Secondly, the question considers vowels and consonants and the expression of their letters. Questions are highlighted as follows: the Arabic alphabet cannot express all the possibilities of the sounds of the Uzbek language, not the existence of sufficient letters to express vowels that some letters express only the sounds of the Arabic language, and actions related in this regard to the reform of the Arabic alphabet. Based on the analyses, conclusions were drawn: an analysis of the activity of the Jadids of linguists to scientifically evaluate their merits in the formation of literary norms of the Uzbek language can serve to replenish the history of Uzbek linguistics
KAYVONI AS A LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE CULTURE
Full text linkThe article talks about the peculiarities of the Kayvoni linguistic personality, characteristic of the Uzbek linguistic culture, and the role of linguistic units in its realization. Lingvoculturology discusses stereotypes belonging to a particular language and culture. Kayvoni appears in Uzbek linguistic culture as a carrier of culture, values, and traditions developed over centuries. In his speech, there are many units expressing Uzbek culture, traditions, and values, especially proverbs, sayings, similes, and expressions. A kayvoni possesses life experience, holds a higher status and reputation than others, and his distinctive speech and speaking style set him apart as a linguistic individual. A writer should be able to skillfully reflect these characteristic aspects in literary work. It is not enough to concentrate only on lexical units. In addition to finding and using lexical units in their proper places, it is necessary to pay attention to the individuality of sentence construction. This includes actualized units and originality in the arrangement of parts of the sentence. Kayvoni’s linguistic personality is characterized by a large number of suggestive phrases and conclusions in his speech, which are the result of great life experience. It is also important to note the presence of rhetorical interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, and a reference to meaning in the speech
THE USE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL MYTHS IN THE WORKS OF MAKTUMKULI AND BERDAKH
Full text linkThis article discusses the synthesis of folklore and written literature, the use of anthropological myths in written literature and the issues of their artistic function in poetic works on the example of Maktymkuly and Berdak's education and the use of anthropological myths in poetry.Keywords: myth, written literature, folklore, fiction, classical literature, plot, image
PEER EVALUATION'S IMPACT ON EFL LEARNERS’ LANGUAGE LEARNING, MORPHOLOGY UNDERSTANDING, AND VOCABULARY ACQUISITION
Full text linkThe primary goal of this study is to increase readers' understanding of assessment for language learning and development, particularly as it relates to morphology for students of EFL (English as a Foreign Language). We also consider noting the many assessment methods that might be employed to determine how well EFL students understand morphology. Second, we'll go over a variety of language-improvement strategies that we could use to help EFL students better understand English morphology. We'll look at a few benefits of peer evaluation for EFL learners' vocabulary and morphological comprehension in the third segment. This study will go over peer assessment's benefits, the process of language improvement in English morphology, and evaluation as a critical component of language learning.Keywords: morphology, assessment, affixation, compounding, conversion, etc
EMPTY SUBJECT (EXISTENTIAL ‘THERE’) AND CONCORD IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE
Full text linkEmpty subject expressed with existential ‘there’ has confounded English linguists for a longer period of time. While some grammarians do not consider existential ‘there’ as real subject, Jespersen was the first to recognize and call it a ‘lesser subject’. Huddleston and Quirk argue that ‘there’ is subject of existential sentences. On the other hand, there is no subject when we translate simple sentences from English to Albanian language with existential ‘there’. In fact, such translated sentences start with a predicate. Existential ‘there’ and concord between the subject and predicate is also analyzed in this study. There are different examples where existential ‘there’ as subject takes a singular or a plural verb depending on the object in English language. There is a similar situation with the predicate in Albanian language when objects have an influence on the verb number. There are some differences, however, when existential ‘there’ is not in concord with some translated sentences in Albanian language. The second part of this study is focused on a questionnaire filled by students who had to choose between two given options, a singular or a plural verb with existential ‘there’ as the subject of the sentence for translated sentences from English to Albanian language.Keywords: Empty subject, existential ‘there’, verb, concord, English language, Albanian language