Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Optimization Of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Ponds Using A Social Ecological System (SES) In Jatimalang Village, Purworejo Regency
Full text linkMany vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ponds in Jatimalang Village are not producing, despite the fact that the potential for success in the pond industry is quite strong, as evidenced by high market demand and the suitability of the area for pond construction. As a result, this research was carried out in order to identify the source of the problem and offer remedies that can be implemented using the Social Ecological System (SES) approach and the method DPSIR (Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses). According to the research, the less than optimal pond land in Jatimalang Village was caused by a variety of factors, so it was necessary to have microfinance, infrastructure provision, farmers\u27 ability and knowledge in pond management, the formation of farmer groups, a policy of converting land into ponds, the application of WWTP, changes in farmers\u27 lifestyles, routine monitoring of water quality, the application of pond biosecurity, and business
Laporan Kasus: Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar pada Pasien Miastenia Gravis dengan Disfagia dan Malnutrisi: Case Report: Nutrition Care Process in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis, Dysphagia, and Malnutrition
Full text linkMyasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by impaired transmission at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness. Oropharyngeal muscle involvement frequently causes dysphagia, which can significantly impair oral intake and increase the risk of malnutrition. This case report describes the implementation of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) in a patient with myasthenia gravis complicated by dysphagia and severe malnutrition, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and evaluates changes in nutritional and clinical status during hospitalization. The patient was a 36-year-old male presenting with severe malnutrition, evidenced by a 42% unintentional weight loss over 16 months and a body mass index (BMI) of 12.58 kg/m². Nutritional management was initiated progressively, beginning with enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube, followed by a gradual transition to combined enteral and oral feeding according to swallowing function and gastrointestinal tolerance. Nutritional interventions and patient responses were monitored over an 18-day hospitalization period using anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, clinical assessments, and dietary intake evaluation. Energy intake was gradually increased from 1,500 kcal/day to 2,100 kcal/day, while protein intake rose from 71 g/day to 89 g/day. No clinical or biochemical signs of refeeding syndrome were observed throughout the intervention. Improvements in nutritional intake were accompanied by a 2 kg increase in body weight, resulting in an increase in BMI to 13.15 kg/m². Clinical outcomes also improved, as indicated by a reduction in the Myasthenia Gravis Composite Score from 6 to 2, reflecting enhanced swallowing function and neuromuscular strength. This case underscores the importance of individualized, progressive nutritional management supported by interdisciplinary collaboration in improving nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients with myasthenia gravis and dysphagia. Appropriate implementation of the Nutrition Care Process plays a crucial role in supporting recovery and optimizing quality of life in this vulnerable population.Myasthenia gravis adalah gangguan neuromuskular autoimun kronis yang ditandai dengan gangguan transmisi di persimpangan neuromuskular, yang menyebabkan kelemahan otot rangka yang fluktuatif. Keterlibatan otot orofaringeal seringkali menyebabkan disfagia, yang dapat mengganggu asupan oral dan secara signifikan meningkatkan risiko malnutrisi. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan asuhan gizi pada pasien dengan miastenia gravis yang disertai disfagia dan malnutrisi berat, sesuai dengan kriteria Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), serta mengevaluasi perubahan status gizi dan klinis selama rawat inap. Subjek adalah seorang pria berusia 36 tahun yang mengalami malnutrisi berat, ditandai dengan penurunan berat badan tidak disengaja sebesar 42% selama 16 bulan dan indeks massa tubuh (BMI) 12,58 kg/m². Pengelolaan gizi dilakukan secara bertahap, dimulai dengan pemberian nutrisi enteral melalui selang nasogastrik (NGT), diikuti dengan transisi bertahap ke kombinasi nutrisi enteral dan oral berdasarkan kemampuan menelan dan toleransi gastrointestinal. Intervensi gizi dan respons pasien dipantau selama masa rawat inap 18 hari menggunakan pengukuran antropometri, parameter biokimia, penilaian klinis, dan evaluasi asupan diet. Selama intervensi, tidak terdapat tanda klinis atau biokimia sindrom refeeding. Asupan energi meningkat dari 1.500 kkal/hari menjadi 2.100 kkal/hari, sementara asupan protein meningkat dari 71 g/hari menjadi 89 g/hari. Peningkatan ini disertai dengan kenaikan berat badan sebesar 2 kg, yang mengakibatkan peningkatan BMI menjadi 13,15 kg/m². Hasil klinis juga membaik, seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan Skor Komposit Myasthenia Gravis (MGCS) dari 6 menjadi 2, yang menunjukkan peningkatan fungsi menelan dan kekuatan neuromuskular. Kasus ini menyoroti peran kritis manajemen nutrisi yang disesuaikan secara individual dan progresif, didukung oleh kolaborasi interdisipliner, dalam meningkatkan status gizi dan hasil klinis pada pasien dengan myasthenia gravis dan disfagia. Terapi gizi medis yang tepat sangat penting dalam mendukung pemulihan dan mengoptimalkan kualitas hidup pada populasi yang rentan ini.
Shifting Root Strategies: Impacts of Forest Conversion on Fine Root Traits in Monoculture Systems
Full text linkThe intensification of land-use from natural forests to monoculture systems such as rubber and oil palm plantations alters soil structure and resource availability, thereby affecting fine root acquisition strategies. This study assessed the impact of land-use intensification on fine root morphology, water content, and acquisition strategies across different land-use types. Fine root samples were collected from four systems: natural forest, jungle rubber, rubber, and oil palm plantations (five plots per system). Fine roots were classified into absorptive (first–third order) and transportive (fourth–fifth order), and traits were analyzed using WinRHIZO Pro 2020a. The results showed a decline in absorptive root length along the intensification gradient, with oil palm significantly shorter than forest and jungle rubber. In contrast, root length per area (RLA) was higher in the forest than in rubber plantations. Absorptive root tip length was significantly greater in oil palm compared to rubber. Transportive root length also declined, with significant differences only between oil palm and jungle rubber. Fine root diameter (FRD) and root tissue density (RTD) tended to increase, while specific root length (SRL) and specific root area (SRA) tended to decrease in absorptive roots. In transportive roots, SRL was inconsistent, and SRA remained stable. Water content tended to decrease in absorptive roots but remained relatively stable in transportive roots
Media Framing of Human–Orangutan Interactions in Kalimantan: A Topic Modelling and Sentiment Analysis Approach
Full text linkPeople\u27s perceptions of orangutans strongly influence their responses in every interaction, which can have negative impacts on both humans and orangutans. Misperceptions, fear, or negative attitudes may increase the risk of conflict, injury, or retaliatory actions, thereby threatening conservation outcomes. Understanding community sentiment toward human–orangutan interactions is therefore essential for designing effective conservation strategies. However, direct data collection to understand community sentiment often faces cost and accuracy constraints. Therefore, an alternative approach that is more efficient and objective is needed to capture community sentiment toward human-orangutan interactions. This research offers latent topic modelling and sentiment analysis of online news articles as a novel method to understand these dynamics and support conservation efforts. A total of 11 latent topics were obtained from the news articles. Orangutan sightings and handovers of orangutans were the most frequently discussed in 2016. Palm oil plantations emerged as a prominent topic related to human-orangutan interaction incidents. Negative sentiment was predominantly linked to topic such as injured orangutans and orangutan sightings on plantations, whereas orangutan translocation received the highest positive sentiment score. This study highlights the potential of natural language processing for analyzing Indonesian language texts in conservation contexts, with applications extendable to broader environmental and forestry issues such as deforestation and wildlife hunting
Economic Impact of Community Activities in Ruteng Nature Tourism Park Area, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Full text linkThis study addresses a gap in understanding the specific economic impacts of community engagement in Ruteng Nature Tourism Park (TWA Ruteng) on local livelihoods. While prior research highlights general benefits of tourism, limited attention has been given to the direct economic activities and their outcomes within TWA Ruteng. The objectives of this research are to analyze the economic activities of the Ngkiong Ndora Village community and evaluate their effects on household income. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature review. Participants were categorized into three strata based on land ownership: 34 respondents in stratum I, 60 in stratum II, and 12 in stratum III. The data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of economic dynamics. The results reveal that the community engages in land cultivation, wood utilization, and the exploitation of non-timber resources. These activities have a significant positive economic impact, contributing 76.44% to household income and increasing income levels by 76.94%. This study offers novel insights into the interaction between local communities and nature tourism parks, particularly in Indonesia. It highlights the importance of integrating community involvement into tourism development strategies and illustrates how such engagement can yield substantial economic benefits. Additionally, it provides empirical evidence to inform policies that balance conservation efforts with local economic development, ensuring sustainability and improved livelihoods
The effectiveness of maggot and probiotic feed supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of Indonesian shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor bicolor
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of probiotic and maggot flour supplementation on production performance, water quality, and eel gut microbiota. There were five treatment groups of maggot flour doses (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) each with three replications. The eel seeds used were three months old (average weight 6.11 ± 4.28 g, average length 14.3 ± 3.22 cm) as many as 15 fish/aquarium which were fed until full twice a day for 60 days. Growth performance measurements were carried out every two weeks and at the end of the study, survival rate, feed digestibility, water quality, and the abundance of water and eel gut bacteria. The growth rate of group P1 (0% maggot flour) of 1.222 ± 0.662 g/day was significantly higher (P≤0.05) than group P5 (100% maggot flour) of 0.223 ± 0.094 g/day. The best FCR value was shown by treatment P1 of 2.576 ± 0.598. The highest protein digestibility was shown by group P5 at 75.90%, while the lowest protein digestibility was shown by group P1 at 62.41%. Low digestible protein and high fecal protein were shown by group P5 of 15.15% and 28.77%, respectively. The abundance of bacteria in the Bacillus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. groups dominated in groups P2 and P5. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the use of commercial probiotics and 100% dose of maggot flour is not yet effective in improving growth performance, but can increase the abundance of good bacteria in the intestines of eels.
Keywords: Anguilla bicolor, growth parameters, gut microbiota, maggot flour, probiotic
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas suplementasi probiotik dan tepung maggot terhadap performa produksi, kualitas air, dan mikrobiota usus sidat. Terdapat lima kelompok perlakuan dosis tepung maggot (0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100%) masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Benih sidat yang digunakan berumur tiga bulan (berat rata-rata 6.11 ± 4.28 g, panjang rata-rata 14.3 ± 3.22 cm) sebanyak 15 ekor/akuarium yang diberi pakan sampai kenyang sebanyak dua kali sehari selama 60 hari. Pengukuran performa pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali dan akhir penelitian, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, daya cerna pakan, kualitas air, serta kelimpahan air dan bakteri usus belut. Laju pertumbuhan kelompok P1 (0% tepung maggot) sebesar 1,222 ± 0,662 g/hari lebih tinggi secara signifikan (P≤0,05) dibandingkan kelompok P5 (100% tepung maggot) sebesar 0,223 ± 0,094 g/hari. Nilai FCR terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan P1 sebesar 2,576 ± 0,598. Daya cerna protein tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh kelompok P5 sebesar 75,90%, sedangkan daya cerna protein terendah ditunjukkan oleh kelompok P1 sebesar 62,41%. Protein cerna rendah dan protein feses tinggi ditunjukkan oleh kelompok P5 masing-masing sebesar 15,15% dan 28,77%. Kelimpahan bakteri pada kelompok Bacillus sp. dan Lactobacillus sp. mendominasi pada kelompok P2 dan P5. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik komersial dan tepung maggot dosis 100% belum efektif dalam meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan, tetapi mampu meningkatkan kelimpahan bakteri baik dalam usus dari ikan sidat.
Kata kunci: Anguilla bicolor, mikrobiota usus, parameter pertumbuhan, probiotik, tepung maggo
Pengaruh Level Pemberian Duckweed (Lemnacea) Terfermentasi terhadap Kecernaan dan Kualitas Telur Burung Puyuh (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica): Effect of Fermented Duckweed (Lemnacea) Meal Feeding Levels on Nutrient Digestibility and Egg Quality of Quail (Coturnix-coturnix Japonica)
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the levels of fermented duckweed meals in the quail\u27s diet on nutrient digestibility and egg quality. A total of 100 two-month-old quails were randomly placed into four different diet groups. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design. A feeding trial was conducted for 6 weeks and 1-week adaptation. The levels of fermented duckweed meal used were P0 = 0% (control), P1 = 5%, P2 = 10%, and P3 = 15%. Egg samples were collected during the final week to measure egg quality parameters, including egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, shell weight, yolk color, and haugh Unit (HU). Nutrient digestibility observed includes organic matter, crude fat and crude protein. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan\u27s multiple range test. The results showed that the inclusion of fermented duckweed meals significantly affected (p<0.05) egg weight, egg yolk weight, haugh unit and organic matter digestibility, crude fat digestibility but did not significantly affect egg white weight, shell weight, egg yolk color, HU and protein digestibility. The P1 5% treatment gave the highest results on egg weight, HU, organic matter digestibility, fat digestibility and protein digestibility, while an increase in the level of 15% (P3) reduced egg weight, yolk weight, egg white weight, HU, organic digestibility and fat digestibility. In conclusion, the levels of 5% and 10% of fermented duckweed meal showed optimum effects for improving egg quality and nutrient digestibility in quail
Kontribusi Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Terhadap Pendapatan dan Pengelolaan Usaha Ternak Sapi Perah Anggota KPSBU di Kecamatan Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat: The Contribution of Women\u27s Labor to the Income and Management of Dairy Cattle Farming by KPSBU Members (Case Study: TPK Cilumber, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency)
No full textPerempuan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendukung keberlangsungan usaha ternak sapi perah melalui keterlibatannya dalam berbagai kegiatan produktif budidaya ternak. Namun, kontribusi tersebut belum tercermin dengan tingkat pendapatan dan pengakuan yang diterima. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kontribusi perempuan masih kurang diakui secara ekonomi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis peran dan curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam usaha ternak sapi perah, 2) menganalisis rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan perempuan terhadap pendapatan usaha ternak sapi perah, dan 3) menganalisis pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis data kuantitatif, analisis pendapatan dan kontribusi pendapatan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) rata-rata jumlah curahan waktu kerja peternak perempuan mencapai 129,91 HOK/tahun lebih besar dibandingkan curahan waktu kerja istri peternak sebesar 113,08 HOK/tahun, 2) kontribusi pendapatan tunai peternak perempuan sebesar Rp17.618.870/tahun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pendapatan tunai istri peternak sebesar Rp13.667.244/tahun, dan 3) pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah sebagian besar disepakati bersama oleh laki-laki dan perempuan. Keputusan pengelolaan dan pengalokasian pendapatan dari usaha ternak mayoritas diambil secara dominan oleh perempuan.Women play a significant role in supporting the sustainability of dairy cattle farming by participating in various productive livestock activities. However, this contribution is not yet reflected in the level of income and recognition they receive. This situation means that women\u27s contributions are still not fully recognized economically. Based on this, the objectives of this study are 1) to analyze the role and time spent by women in dairy farming, 2) to analyze the average contribution of women\u27s income to dairy farming income, and 3) to analyze decision-making in dairy farm management. The methods used in this study are quantitative data analysis, income analysis, and analysis of women\u27s income contribution. The results of the study show that: 1) the average amount of time spent working by female farmers reached 129,91 HOK/year, which was greater than the amount of time spent working by farmers\u27 wives, which was 113,08 HOK/year, 2) the contribution of female farmers\u27 cash income was Rp17.618.870/year, which was greater than the cash income of farmers\u27 wives, which was Rp13.667.244/year, and 3) both men and women mostly agreed upon decision-making in dairy cattle farm management. Women predominantly make decisions on the management and allocation of income from livestock businesses.Perempuan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mendukung keberlangsungan usaha ternak sapi perah melalui keterlibatannya dalam berbagai kegiatan produktif budidaya ternak. Namun, kontribusi tersebut belum tercermin dengan tingkat pendapatan dan pengakuan yang diterima. Kondisi ini menyebabkan kontribusi perempuan masih kurang diakui secara ekonomi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) menganalisis peran dan curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam usaha ternak sapi perah, 2) menganalisis rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan perempuan terhadap pendapatan usaha ternak sapi perah, dan 3) menganalisis pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis data kuantitatif, analisis pendapatan dan kontribusi pendapatan perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: rata-rata jumlah curahan waktu kerja peternak perempuan sebesar 129,91 HOK/tahun, lebih besar dibandingkan curahan waktu kerja istri peternak sebesar 113,08 HOK/tahun, dan kontribusi peternak perempuan terhadap pendapatan tunai sebesar Rp17.618.870/tahun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pendapatan tunai istri peternak sebesar Rp13.667.244/tahun. Selanjutnya model pengambilan keputusan dalam pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah disepakati bersama oleh laki-laki dan perempuan. Sementara itu untuk pengelolaan dan pengalokasian pendapatan dari usaha ternak dominan dilakukan oleh perempuan. Hal ini menunjukan tenaga kerja perempuan memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap pendapatan dan pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah.
Pengetahuan, Sikap Gizi Ibu, dan Pola Asuh terhadap Status Gizi Balita di Daycare Kota Yogyakarta: Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Parenting Style Associated with Toddler Nutritional Status in Yogyakarta Daycares
Full text linkMasa usia balita adalah usia emas dalam pembentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang harus didukung oleh status gizi yang baik. Orang tua yang sibuk bekerja menyebabkan pengasuhan kepada balita menjadi berkurang bahkan tidak ada. Keadaan ini menjadikan fungsi peran orang tua digantikan dengan lembaga penitipan anak atau daycare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan ibu, sikap gizi, dan pola asuh dengan status gizi balita di daycare Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional study yang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2024 hingga April 2025. Populasi pada penelitian sebanyak 190 subjek dengan jumlah sampel 129 subjek yang dipilih secara stratifying sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap gizi ibu, pola asuh dan penilaian status gizi balita menggunakan indeks Berat Badan/Panjang Badan (BB/PB). Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji Spearman. Hasil analisa univariat menunjukkan pengetahuan gizi ibu baik 99,2%, sikap gizi baik 95,3%, pola asuh makan baik 91,5 %, pola asuh kesehatan baik 89,9%, status gizi baik 82,2%. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan status gizi balita di daycare Kota Yogyakarta. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara sikap gizi dengan status gizi balita di daycare Kota Yogyakarta. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh dengan status gizi balita di daycare Kota Yogyakarta.The toddler age is considered a golden period in the development of human resource quality, which must be supported by adequate nutritional status. However, parents who are busy working often have limited or no involvement in childcare. This situation has led to the parental role being replaced by early childcare institutions or daycare centers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge, nutritional attitudes, and parenting style with the nutritional status of toddlers in daycare centers in Yogyakarta City. This research used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional study design conducted from December 2024 to April 2025. The study population consisted of 190 subjects, with a sample of 129 selected using stratified sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires on maternal knowledge, nutritional attitudes, and parenting style, while toddlers\u27 nutritional status was assessed using the weight-for-height (W/H) index. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with the Spearman correlation test. Univariate analysis showed that 99.2% of mothers had good nutritional knowledge, 95.3% had positive nutritional attitudes, 91.5% applied good feeding practices, 89.9% applied good health-related parenting, and 82.2% of toddlers had good nutritional status. The Spearman test revealed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and the nutritional status of toddlers in daycare centers in Yogyakarta City. However, no significant relationship was found between nutritional attitudes or parenting style and toddlers’ nutritional status
Kebiasaan Sarapan, Jajan, dan Membawa Bekal Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Bogor: Breakfast, Snacking, and Bringing Lunch Habits of Elementary School Students in Bogor City
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between breakfast habits, the habit of bringing lunch, and the habit of snacks at school in elementary school students in Bogor City. This study uses a cross-sectional study design. This study uses primary data from a total of 1167 students in 161 schools in Bogor City. The study\u27s results showed that 59.1% of students always had breakfast, 36.6% sometimes had breakfast, and 4.3% never had breakfast. The main reasons for not eating breakfast were school attendance (58.6%) and lack of appetite (42.8%). Most students (89.0%) consumed rice/noodles/porridge/bread at breakfast, with only 4.9% consuming all five food groups. The habit of snacking shows that 73.6% of students always snack. The most consumed snacks are manufactured food/beverages (81.3%) and wet/traditional cakes (71.8%). The habit of bringing lunch to children shows that 22.5% of students always bring lunch with 38.7% using it as a substitute for breakfast. Parental education significantly correlated with breakfast frequency (p=0.000) and breakfast food diversity (p=0.031). Pocket money had a significant relationship with the diversity of snacks (p=0.002) and a negative relationship with the habit of bringing lunch (p=0.021). Breakfast habits showed a positive relationship with bringing lunch and snacks (p=0.000). Most students always have breakfast, but the food options are not diverse. The habit of snacking has become a culture for students, students who eat breakfast or bring lunch tend to continue to make snacks at school.Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis keterkaitan antara kebiasaan sarapan, kebiasaan membawa bekal dan kebiasaan jajan di sekolah pada siswa SD di Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan jumlah subjek 1167 siswa di 161 sekolah di Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 59,1% siswa yang selalu sarapan, 36,6% kadang-kadang sarapan, dan 4,3% tidak pernah sarapan. Alasan utama tidak sarapan adalah kesiangan masuk sekolah (58,6%) dan tidak nafsu makan (42,8%). Sebagian besar siswa (89,0%) mengonsumsi nasi/mi/bubur/roti saat sarapan, dengan hanya 4,9% yang mengonsumsi kelima kelompok makanan saat sarapan. Kebiasaan jajan pada menunjukkan bahwa 73,6% siswa selalu jajan. Jajanan yang sering dikonsumsi adalah makanan/minuman pabrikan (81,3%) dan kue basah/tradisional (71,8%). Kebiasaan membawa bekal pada anak menunjukkan 22,5% siswa selalu membawa bekal dengan 38,7% menggunakannya sebagai pengganti sarapan. Pendidikan orang tua menunjukkan hubungan positif yang signifikan dengan frekuensi sarapan (p=0,000) dan keragaman pangan sarapan (p=0,031). Uang saku memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keragaman jajanan (p=0,002) dan hubungan negatif dengan kebiasaan membawa bekal (p=0,021). Kebiasaan sarapan menunjukkan hubungan positif dengan kebiasaan membawa bekal dan jajan (p=0,000). Sebagian besar siswa selalu sarapan namun pilihan makanannya belum beragam. Kebiasaan jajan sudah menjadi budaya pada siswa, siswa yang sarapan atau membawa bekal cenderung tetap melakukan jajan di sekolah