Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Contributing Environmental Factors of Habitat Suitability for the Great Argus (Argusianus argus) in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia
Full text linkThe great argus (Argusianus argus), a key outstanding universal value (OUV) species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) within the tropical rainforest heritage of Sumatra (TRHS), is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN red list due to extensive deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Yet, its habitat preferences and spatial distribution remain poorly understood. This study aimed to model the potential distribution of the great argus and identify key environmental factors influencing its occurrence within the Way Canguk Research Station (WCRS), BBSNP. We employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm using data from field surveys and camera traps combined with environmental variables including elevation, slope, distance to rivers, normalized difference moisture index (NDMI), temperature, rainfall, distance to roads and settlements, NDVI, and land cover. The model exhibited high predictive performance (AUC = 0.846). Distance to roads, rainfall intensity, and the presence of primary forest emerged as the most influential factors. The species showed a preference for primary forests located far from human disturbances and in areas with lower rainfall levels. These findings confirm WCRS as a suitable habitat for the great argus and underscore the urgency of preventing deforestation, restoring degraded lands, and mitigating road impacts to preserve BBSNP’s ecological integrity and sustain TRHS’s world heritage status
Analisis Distribusi Suhu dan Aliran Udara pada Proses Pengeringan Wortel Menggunakan Tray Dryer Berbasis Simulasi CFD
No full textWortel (Daucus carota L.) merupakan sayuran bernutrisi tinggi yang mudah rusak akibat kandungan airnya yang tinggi. Pengeringan merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memperpanjang masa simpan wortel, salah satunya dengan menggunakan alat pengering tipe rak (tray dryer). Namun, efisiensi proses pengeringan sangat dipengaruhi oleh keseragaman distribusi suhu dan aliran udara di dalam ruang pengering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi distribusi suhu dan aliran udara pada tray dryer menggunakan pendekatan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) selama proses pengeringan wortel. Simulasi dilakukan pada tiga variasi suhu (50°C, 60°C, dan 70°C) dan dua kecepatan aliran udara (2 m/s dan 3 m/s) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SolidWorks, ANSYS Fluent, dan Origin. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi suhu dan aliran udara tidak merata, terutama pada bagian tengah dan atas alat pengering. Ketidakteraturan ini dapat menyebabkan pengeringan yang tidak seragam dan menurunkan kualitas produk akhir. Validasi dengan data pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa model simulasi memiliki tingkat kesalahan kurang dari 4%, sehingga dapat dianggap cukup akurat untuk digunakan dalam perancangan dan optimasi sistem pengeringan yang lebih efisien.Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a highly nutritious vegetable that is prone to spoilage due to its high moisture content. Drying is an effective method to extend its shelf life, with the tray dryer being one of the commonly used technologies. However, the efficiency of the drying process greatly depends on the uniformity of temperature and airflow distribution within the drying chamber. This study aims to analyze the distribution of temperature and airflow inside a tray dryer using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) during the drying of carrots. Simulations were conducted at three different temperatures (50°C, 60°C, and 70°C) and two air velocities (2 m/s and 3 m/s) using SolidWorks, ANSYS Fluent, and Origin software. The simulation results showed that both temperature and airflow were unevenly distributed, particularly in the middle and upper sections of the dryer. This non-uniformity can lead to inconsistent drying and reduced product quality. Validation was carried out by comparing simulation results with experimental measurements using relative error analysis. The error values obtained ranged from 1.41% to 3.82% for temperature and 0.5% to 2.41% for air velocity, all below 4%. These results indicate that the CFD model is sufficiently accurate and can be applied to support the design and optimization of more efficient drying equipment
Analysis of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and Maximum Sustainable Yeild (MSY) Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Landed at the Kendari Ocean Fishing Port (PPS)
No full textIkan cakalang merupakan salah satu ikan pelagis besar yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Kendari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) dan Maximmum Sustainable Yield (MSY) ikan cakalang Katsuwonus pelamis) yang didaratkan di PPS Kendari. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November-Desember 2023 di PPS Kendari. Data yang diperoleh di PPS Kendari tahun 2016-2022 antara lain hasil tangkapan ikan cakalang yang didaratkan, jenis alat tangkap yang digunakan, dan jumlah hasil tangkapan setiap alat tangkapnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode surplus produksi. Alat tangkap yang digunakan untuk menangkap ikan cakalang yang didaratkan di PPS Kendari yaitu gillnet, hand line, pole and line, purse seine, bagan perahu, penganggkut dan lain-lain. Alat tangkap yang dijadikan sebagai alat tangkap standar yaitu pole and line. Hasil analisis nilai CPUE ikan cakalang yang didaratkan di PPS Kendari cenderung berfluktuasi CPUE tertinggi terjadi tahun 2020 yaitu sebesar 3.670 kg/trip dan nilai CPUE terendah terjadi pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar1.578 kg/trip. Berdasarkan Hasil analisis MSY diperoleh nilai upaya penangkapan optimum sebesar 2126 trip/tahun dan nilai tangkapan optimal sebesar 6.130.516 kg/tahun. Pemanfaatan ikan cakalang di PPS Kendari belum mencapai (overfishing) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa upaya penangkapan ikan cakalang belum melebihi batas stok lestari yang ada pada perairan laut banda, sehingga upaya penangkapan dapat ditingkatkan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal tetapi tetap berdasar pada batas MSY yang telah diperhitungkan.
 
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF FISHING LIGHTS AS AUXILIARY GEAR ON PURSE SEINE VESSEL: A CASE STUDY OF KM. MUTIARA SEJATI
Get PDFLight fishing are an essential piece of equipment for purse seine operations because they increase catch efficiency by drawing schooling fish with their phototaxis response. Nonetheless, variations in light design and operation significantly affect fishing productivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the fishing lights\u27 operational efficiency and construction features on the KM. Mutiara Sejati purse seine vessel that operates at the Bajomulyo Fishing Port in Central Java. Data was collected through organized interviews with the captain and crew, technical measurements of the lighting system, and direct field observations during ten fishing expeditions. According to the findings, the ship used a multi-light system with 40 units: 16 funnel lamps (corong), 16 galaxy lamps, 8 LED lamps, and 1 raft light. Before the net was deployed, illumination was progressively reduced using galaxy lamps, LED lamps, and finally funnel lamps to optimize fish aggregation. Fish were located using fish finders, and they were concentrated using raft light. According to the study, by keeping fish concentration close to the vessel, this sequential light operating strategy increased catch efficiency. These results offer purse seine fishermen useful advice on how to maximize fishing light operations and increase catch productivity.
Key words: fish aggregating devices (FADS), light fishing, purse sein
Seaweed Diversity and Bioactive Compounds in Panjang Islands, Central Java, Indonesia
Full text linkThe biodiversity of seaweed encompasses a wide array of potential bioactive compounds applicable to various industries, particularly pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to collect seaweed diversity data from Panjang Island, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia, and to identify the bioactive compounds and biological activity of each seaweed species for preliminary screening. Random sampling was used to collect the sample. Qualitative identification of bioactive compounds was performed using the maceration method for extraction, phytochemical screening tests, and pigment identification based on Rf values on TLC. Antibacterial screening tests were performed against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, followed by testing against pathogenic fungi (C. albicans) using the disk diffusion method, and an antioxidant test using the DPPH method. The results showed that six species from three phyla (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta) exhibited distinct morphological characteristics, and the types of bioactive compounds produced by each species differed. The biological activity test results showed a low inhibitory activity. Antibacterial and antifungal biological activities were at the value of (<5 mm), and antioxidant biological activity was (>750 ppm). However, the active compounds and pigments with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties can be optimized in various fields of bioindustry in the future
Karakteristik minyak mata tuna kaya DHA ter-masking dan penggunaannya dalam formulasi lokum terfortifikasi: Characteristics of DHA-rich masked tuna eye oil and its application in fortified lokum formulation
No full textTuna eye oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); however, its application in food products remains limited because of its strong fishy odor and high susceptibility to oxidation. This study aimed to determine the most effective masking treatment for tuna eye oil to reduce fishy odor and improve oxidative stability and sensory acceptance in fortified lokum. The study was conducted in three stages: (1) extraction of tuna eye oil using centrifugation, (2) oil masking with lemon or ginger oil at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 37.5%, and (3) formulation of fortified lokum using the selected masked oil. The extracted oil exhibited a free fatty acid (FFA) content of 0.42%, peroxide value (PV) of 7.44 meq/kg, anisidine value (AnV) of 9.98 meq/kg, and total oxidation (TOTOX) value of 24.84 meq/kg. Masking with lemon oil or ginger oil at 37.5% reduced oxidation parameters (FFA 0.12–0.28%; PV 4.49–6.61 meq/kg; p-AnV 3.08–3.75 meq/kg; TOTOX 12.06–16.96 meq/kg), enhanced antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 140.76–166.41), and preserved the fatty acid profile, with DHA accounting for 29–30% of the total fatty acids. Fortification of lokum with masked tuna eye oil increased fat, EPA, and DHA levels, accompanied by measurable reductions in hardness and chewiness. Overall, masking tuna eye oil with 37.5 % %lemon and ginger oils effectively improved oxidative stability, with lemon oil showing the most balanced performance in terms of oxidation parameters, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptance of fortified lokum.Minyak mata tuna merupakan sumber asam lemak omega-3, khususnya docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), namun pemanfaatannya dalam produk pangan masih terbatas akibat aroma amis yang kuat dan kerentanan terhadap oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan perlakuan masking minyak mata tuna yang paling efektif dalam menekan aroma amis dan meningkatkan stabilitas oksidatif serta penerimaan sensori pada lokum terfortifikasi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu: (1) ekstraksi minyak mata tuna menggunakan metode sentrifugasi, (2) masking minyak menggunakan lemon oil atau ginger oil pada konsentrasi 12,5; 25; dan 37,5%, serta (3) formulasi lokum terfortifikasi menggunakan minyak hasil masking terpilih. Minyak hasil ekstraksi memiliki nilai free fatty acids (FFA) 0,42%, peroxide value (PV) 7,44 meq/kg, anisidine value (AnV) 9,98 meq/kg, dan total oxidation value (TOTOX) 24,84 meq/kg. Masking menggunakan lemon oil atau ginger oil pada konsentrasi 37,5% menurunkan parameter oksidasi (FFA 0,12–0,28%; PV 4,49–6,61 meq/kg; p-AnV 3,08–3,75 meq/kg; TOTOX 12,06–16,96 meq/kg), meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50 140,76–166,41), serta mempertahankan profil asam lemak dengan kandungan DHA sebesar 29–30% dari total asam lemak. Fortifikasi minyak mata tuna termasking ke dalam lokum meningkatkan kandungan lemak serta kadar EPA dan DHA, disertai penurunan terukur pada parameter kekerasan dan kekenyalan produk. Secara keseluruhan, masking minyak mata tuna menggunakan lemon oil dan ginger oil pada konsentrasi 37,5% efektif meningkatkan stabilitas oksidatif minyak ikan, dengan perlakuan lemon oil menunjukkan kinerja paling seimbang ditinjau dari parameter oksidasi, aktivitas antioksidan, dan penerimaan sensori pada lokum terfortifikasi
A Bibliometric Analysis on Public-Private Partnerships in Forest Management Using Bibliometrix R-Studio
Full text linkThe paper thereby joins the discussion on the fast-changing research landscape of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in forest management, providing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. A dataset of 241 documents is retrieved from the Scopus database, whose analyses are done using advanced bibliometric tools available within the Bibliometrix package in R Studio. The study maps the intellectual structure of the field, identifies its key themes, and traces their evolution from 1987 to 2024. The bibliometric approach allows for the identification of core authors, influential journals, leading institutions, and geographical distribution of contributions, thereby painting a clear picture of the knowledge dynamics within the domain. The findings underline the central place PPP holds in the face of such global challenges as climate change, preservation of biodiversity, and sustainable development but bring into sharper focus the governance and institutional frameworks that underpin these partnerships. Special attention is paid to the policy discourses and academic debates surrounding PPP arrangements, especially in developing countries where forest governance is often contested. This paper identifies major emerging trends in future research, in particular, the integration of cutting-edge technologies like machine learning. It fills this critical gap with a holistic overview of the current state of the art in forest management PPPs, thus offering useful insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who want to enhance the effectiveness of such partnerships in achieving sustainable environmental outcomes
Design and Fabrication of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic LED Grow Light Array System for Leafy Vegetables in Indoor Vertical Hydroponic
Full text linkIndoor vertical hydroponic systems require precise and energy-efficient lighting to support optimal growth of leafy vegetables. This study presents the design and fabrication of a microcontroller-based automatic LED grow light system tailored for indoor hydroponics. A tailored LED grow light is necessary because each crop responds uniquely to light quality and intensity, and a customized spectrum ensures optimal growth while minimizing energy use. The system integrates a red–green–blue LED configuration (70:10:20%) with an ESP32 microcontroller, real-time clock (RTC), BH1750 light sensor, keypad interface, and LCD. The lighting cycle was programmed for 12 hours per day and tested continuously over two days. The system demonstrated accurate scheduling, with LED activation at 06:00 and deactivation at 18:00 and a timing deviation of only 1–2 seconds. During operation, the system maintained a stable photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 260–275 µmol/m²/s, producing an estimated daily light integral (DLI) of about 12 mol/m²/day, which is suitable for leafy vegetable production. Light distribution analysis using cubic interpolation showed that increasing the lamp height from 20 cm to 30 cm improved spatial uniformity, with the most uniform distribution achieved at 30 cm despite a slight reduction in intensity. The system consumed 2.65 kWh per day, covering four LED arrays and the control module. Overall, the proposed system offers a reliable, programmable, and energy-efficient lighting solution for indoor hydroponic environments, supporting sustainable crop production through precise scheduling and an optimized spectral configuration
Cannibalism control of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer fry by melatonin hormone administration
Full text linkCannibalism is one of the causes low survival rate white snapper fry due to its aggressiveness. Melatonin is a hormone that can modulate aggressive interactions in fish. This study aims to evaluate effect of melatonin hormone on the level cannibalism sea bass. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications, namely control (without melatonin hormone administration), melatonin doses of 5, 10, and 15 µg/g fish. Hormone administration was done orally through feed supplementation. Sea bass fry used were 2.82 ± 0.41 cm average length and 0.53 ± 0.08 g average weight. Stocking density was 2 fish/L. Sea bass were reared for 30 days with flow through system and fed three times a day in restricted manner (Feeding rate 15%). The results showed the administration of melatonin hormone can reduce level cannibalism, increase melatonin hormone levels, increase estradiol 17β hormone, and have no effect on body glucose levels sea bass. Melatonin dose 10 µg/g fish can reduce level cannibalism by 40.67% (P<0.05). The highest total cannibalism was found in the control treatment with a value of 58.67% (P <0.05). The administration of melatonin hormone did not affect the growth body weight and length of sea bass (P>0.05). Increasing dose melatonin beyond 10 µg/g fish tends to increase cannibalism. These results indicate the administration of melatonin hormone at a dose of 10 µg/g fish is the optimal dose to reduce cannibalism and increase fry survival, which is expected to increase the productivity of sea bass hatcheries.
Keywords: aggressiveness, Asian seabass, cannibalism, melatonin
Abstrak
Kanibalisme merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih kakap putih akibat sifat agresivitasnya. Hormon melatonin merupakan hormon yang dapat memodulasi interaksi agresif pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh hormon melatonin terhadap tingkat kanibalisme ikan kakap putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemberian hormon melatonin), melatonin dosis 5, 10, dan 15 µg/g ikan. Pemberian hormon dilakukan secara oral melalui suplementasi pakan. Benih kakap putih yang digunakan berukuran panjang rata-rata 2,82 ± 0,41 cm dan berat rata-rata 0,53± 0,08 g. Padat tebar yaitu 2 ekor/L. Benih kakap putih dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan sistem flow through dan pemberian pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari secara restricted (Feeding rate 15%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon melatonin dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme, meningkatkan kadar hormon melatonin, cenderung meningkatkan hormon estradiol 17β, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar glukosa tubuh benih kakap putih. Melatonin dosis 10 µg/g ikan dapat mengurangi tingkat kanibalisme sebesar 40,67% (P<0,05). Total kanibalisme tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan kontrol dengan nilai sebesar 58,67% (P<0,05). Pemberian hormon melatonin tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bobot dan panjang tubuh benih kakap putih (P>0,05). Peningkatan dosis melatonin melebihi 10 µg/g ikan cendrung meningkatkan kanibalisme. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon melatonin dosis 10 µg/g ikan merupakan dosis optimal untuk mengurangi kanibalisme dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup benih, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pembenihan kakap putih.
Kata kunci: agresivitas, kakap putih, kanibalisme, melatoni
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 21 No.1 , Maret 2025: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 21 No.1 , Maret 2025
No full textThis editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 21 No.1 , Maret 2025.This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 21 No.1 , Maret 2025