Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Potensi Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Menekan Cucumber mosaic virus pada Tanaman Mentimun: The Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to Suppress Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus on Cucumber Plants
Get PDFThe Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria to Suppress Infection of Cucumber mosaic virus on Cucumber Plants
Mosaic disease caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the main diseases of cucumber plants, and is economically important. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are plant root organisms currently being developed as biological agents. This research aims to obtain the best PGPB that can suppress the development of CMV in cucumber plants. This research used a randomized block design with nine treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of several isolates of PGPB (Serratia marsescens AR1, Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14, Stenotrophomonas pavanii KJKB 5.4, Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1–9, Bacillus cereus AJ 34, and S. maltophilia LMTSA 5.4), orthohydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), positive control, and negative control. Application of PGPB was conducted through seed treatment of cucumber seeds for 15 minutes before planting. The mosaic virus was mechanically inoculated on cucumber cotyledons seven days after planting. The variables observed were the development of mosaic disease and the growth of cucumber plants. Virus detection using specific primer pair CMV-IF/CMV-IR showed that the virus that infected cucumber plants had 98.3% similarity to the CMV isolate originating from India with accession number KJ874248.1. Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1-9 is the best bacteria for slowing the incubation period, reducing the percentage of infected leaves, and reducing the severity of mosaic disease on cucumber plants. None of tested PGPB isolates that has the potential to increase the growth of CMV-infected cucumber plants. Therefore, further studies are needed on the effectiveness of the PGPB, such as improving how PGPB is applied.Penyakit mosaik yang disebabkan oleh Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) merupakan salah satu penyakit utama tanaman mentimun yang penting secara ekonomi. Bakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (PGPB) merupakan organisme akar tanaman yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan PGPB terbaik yang dapat menekan perkembangan CMV pada tanaman mentimun. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Sebagai pelakuan adalah beberapa isolat PGPB (Serratia marsescens AR1, Alcaligenes faecalis AJ14, Stenotrophomonas pavanii KJKB 5.4, Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1–9, Bacillus cereus AJ 34, dan S. maltophilia LMTSA 5.4), asam ortohidroksibenzoat (asam salisilat), kontrol positif, dan kontrol negatif. Aplikasi PGPB melalui perlakuan benih mentimun selama 15 menit sebelum tanam. Virus mosaik diinokulasi secara mekanis pada kotiledon mentimun tujuh hari setelah tanam. Variabel yang diamati adalah perkembangan penyakit CMV dan pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun. Hasil deteksi virus menggunakan primer spesifik CMV-IF/CMV-IR menunjukkan bahwa virus yang menginfeksi tanaman mentimun memiliki kemiripan 98.3% dengan isolat CMV yang berasal dari India dengan nomor aksesi KJ874248.1. Pseudomonas fluorescens LPK1-9 merupakan bakteri terbaik dalam memperlambat masa inkubasi, menurunkan persentase daun terserang dan keparahan penyakit CMV pada tanaman mentimun. Di antara isolat PGPB yang diuji, tidak ada isolat yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun terinfeksi CMV. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut dalam keefektifan PGPB yang gunakan, seperti memperbaiki cara aplikasi PGPB
Hematological Profile of Macaca nemestrina Across Different Age Groups
Get PDFMacaca nemestrina, also known as the pigtail macaque, plays a crucial role in drug development and serves as a highly valuable animal model for studying various human diseases due to its phenotypic similarities to humans, including those related to the aging process. Hematology is a critical component of clinical assessments for this spesies, serving both as a diagnostic tool to determine their health status and to characterize disease models, including degenerative and geriatric diseases. As anemia is a common phenomenon in the elderly, it is also important to determine whether M. nemestrina exhibit a similar condition with age. The aim of this study was to determine the hematological profiles of clinically healthy female M. nemestrina across young, adult, and elderly age groups, particularly related to anemia parameters. This study was conducted at the Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. The animals were part of a breeding colony and were divided into three groups based on age: young (5–7 years), adult (12–14 years), and elderly (18–21 years). Following anesthesia with ketamine, a physical examination was performed to determine clinical status, and blood samples were collected for a complete blood count (CBC) evaluation using an automated analyzer. The results showed that total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly different (P<0.05) in the elderly group compared to the other groups. Additionally, the red cell distribution width (RDW) percentage and leukocyte count differed significantly between the adult and elderly groups. The results showed that the erythrogram differs with age in clinically healthy M. nemestrina, suggesting the importance of determining appropriate baseline reference values in macaques of different ages
A comparison of the Hematology Profiles from Preventive and Curative Tests on Lissachatina fulica Snail Mucin Cream for Atopic Dermatitis
Get PDFAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Continuous use of topical NSAIDs in AD cases has been shown to cause adverse effects. Lissachatina fulica mucin (LFM) cream, a natural alternative, has been used for wound healing and can be used as a preventative or curative agent in AD. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of LFM cream, exploring its potential as a preventative and curative measure in AD. A total of 36 male BALB/c mice were divided into three cream dosage groups: 0%, 5%, and 10%. The two treatments were preventive and curative, and the two testing times were 0 and 5 days, with three replicates each. Mice were induced with atopic dermatitis by applying 1% DNCB to a 1x1 cm area on their dorsal area for seven days. The preventive group used LFM cream for seven days before DNCB, while the curative group used it after DNCB. Blood samples were collected on days 0 and 5 of the treatment period and analyzed using a hematology analyzer. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism 10, followed by Tukey\u27s test at a 95% confidence level. The toxicity test confirmed that the LFM cream is non-toxic and safe for topical use. The DNCB compound 1% exhibited four main symptoms of atopic dermatitis: pruritus, erythema, excoriation, and lichenification. LFM cream was highly effective, significantly suppressing AD symptoms, with the ADSI score remaining below 2 (p<0.05). Specifically, the curative efficacy was demonstrated by a significant decrease in the ADSI score on day 5 (p<0.05). Hematological analysis revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and thrombocytes across groups. The LFM cream is effective and safe for preventative use and successfully treats acute AD at 5% concentration
Tes Identifikasi Cepat Prevalensi Tuberkulosis Zoonotik (Mycobacterium bovis) di Bandung Barat dan Pangalengan: Identifikasi Cepat Prevalensi Tuberkulosis Zoonotik
No full textTuberkulosis sapi (bTB) disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). Tuberkulosis sapi pada sapi perah diyakini berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kasus tuberkulosis karena dapat menular ke manusia (zoonosis), sehingga disebut Tuberkulosis Zoonotik. Penularan melalui mulut dapat terjadi dengan mengonsumsi susu atau produk susu yang terkontaminasi bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi infeksi M. bovis sebagai bagian dari upaya mitigasi risiko penyakit bawaan makanan pada susu. Metode yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, menggunakan pewarnaan AFB dan PCR dengan gen MPB70, RD1, CSB1, CSB2, dan CSB3 sebagai target amplifikasi DNA. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi infeksi pada 60 sampel susu yang diuji dengan metode pewarnaan AFB adalah 0% (negatif), dan pada 6 sampel (10% dari semua sampel) yang diuji dengan PCR, prevalensi juga 0%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak ada M. bovis dalam sampel susu, menunjukkan risiko yang saat ini rendah, tetapi pemantauan berkelanjutan, diagnostik yang ditingkatkan, dan kolaborasi interdisipliner diperlukan untuk mengurangi penularan zoonotik dan dampak ekonomi. Upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian bTB di Indonesia berfokus pada promosi kesehatan seperti menghindari kontak dengan hewan terinfeksi, memasak daging secara menyeluruh, dan mengonsumsi susu olahanBovine tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). Bovine tuberculosis in dairy cows is thought to contribute to an increase in tuberculosis cases because it can be transmitted to humans (zoonosis), hence the term Zoonotic Tuberculosis. Transmission through the mouth can occur by consuming milk or dairy products contaminated with bacteria. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of M. bovis infection as part of efforts to mitigate the risk of foodborne disease in milk. The study design was descriptive qualitative, using AFB staining and PCR with the MPB70, RD1, CSB1, CSB2, and CSB3 genes as DNA amplification targets. The results showed that the prevalence of infection in 60 milk samples tested using the AFB staining method was 0% (negative), and in 6 samples (10% of all samples) tested using PCR, the prevalence was also 0%. The conclusion is there is no M. bovis in milk, indicating a currently low risk, but ongoing surveillance, improved diagnostics, and interdisciplinary collaboration are needed to reduce zoonotic transmission and economic impacts. Efforts to prevent and control Bovine Tuberculosis in Indonesia focus on promoting community practices: avoiding contact with infected animals, cooking meat thoroughly, and consuming processed milk
Tsunami Hazard Level Mapping and Evaluation of Temporary Evacuation Sites (TES) on the Palabuhanratu Coast
Get PDFIndonesia is highly prone to disasters due to its location at the convergence of three active tectonic plates: the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian plates. Sukabumi Regency ranks as the second-highest risk area in the country. In the coastal region, Palabuhanratu Urban Village has the highest population density in Palabuhanratu District, reaching 6,042 people/km². The high population density in coastal areas increases the potential for casualties in the event of a tsunami. Therefore, mitigation efforts in the form of Temporary Evacuation Sites (TES) are essential across the coastal areas of Palabuhanratu District. A reassessment of the existing TES locations is necessary to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aims to identify the affected area and population under tsunami scenarios with run-up heights of 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m. Additionally, it analyzes the coverage of TES locations and the effectiveness of evacuation routes in Palabuhanratu District. The analysis is conducted using ArcGIS and QGIS software through several stages, including tsunami hazard zoning, tsunami inundation modeling, TES coverage analysis, and evacuation route optimization using network analyst tools. The results indicate that 90.6% of the coastal area in Palabuhanratu District falls into the safe category. The tsunami inundation modeling shows an affected area of 3.32 km² (run-up 10 m), 4.9 km² (run-up 15 m), and 6.1 km² (run-up 20 m). The estimated affected population for these run-up heights is 6,123, 9,348, and 12,849 people, respectively. On average, 68% of the affected population can reach a TES. A total of 68 evacuation routes were generated, with 30 routes classified as highly safe, safe, or moderate, requiring 0–20 minutes of travel time. The findings suggest that additional TES locations should be strategically placed along the coastal areas, particularly near residential zones, to improve evacuation efficiency
Risk Analysis of Time and Cost Factors in the Renovation Project at Vimala Hills Residential Area
Get PDFConstruction projects always have uncertainties even in small projects, especially in terms of time and cost. This study aims to identify and analyze the dominant risks in home renovation projects in Vimala Hills Bogor and design mitigation strategies. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to all project implementers. Data analysis used the severity index method to measure frequency and severity combined with biserial point tests and KR-20 to measure the validity and reliability of 15 risk variables with 30 respondents directly involved in the project. The results showed that there were two dominant risks in the high category, namely bad weather conditions (frequency of 80,00%, impact of 77,50%, and risk value of 16) and change of work (frequency of 56,67%, impact of 64,17%, and risk value of 12). Other risks are in the medium to low category. The mitigation strategies implemented include adjusting work schedules based on weather forecasts, protecting work areas, finalizing the design before construction begins, and implementing formal procedures for work changes. After mitigation, the risk value of the two dominant variables dropped to the low category. These findings confirm the importance of implementing risk management even on small scale projects to prevent delays and cost overruns and increase efficiency so that contractors can achieve optimal project goals in the future
Crop Coefficients of Paddy and Evapotranspiration in the Minapadi Model System Applying Nonpowered Automatic Fertigation
Get PDFIn irrigation and agricultural planning, the crop coefficient value plays an important role in calculating water planning on land. This study aims to calculate the crop coefficient (Kc) of rice in a Nonpowered Automatic Fertigation (FONi) irrigation system combined with a minapadi system as a reference for irrigation planning. This study was conducted experimentally for 99 days in Dramaga, Bogor, using the FONi Minapadi system consisting of a fiberglass tank, a water supply tank, and an automatic float to maintain the water level. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) data were calculated based on water balance, while potential evapotranspiration (ETo) was modeled using five methods: Penman-Monteith, Turc, Hargreaves, Makkink, and Blaney-Criddle. Model validation was performed using linear regression against the Penman-Monteith method as the standard reference. The results show that the total ETa during the observation period was 421.93 mm. Among the ETo calculation methods, the Turc model provided results closest to the Penman-Monteith method, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.741 and the lowest sum of squares error (SSE) of 56.026. The calculated Kc values varied throughout the rice growth phase, with the highest value of 1.84 observed during the reproductive phase. The relatively high Kc value reflects significant water demand in the FONi Minapadi system, influenced by system characteristics and environmental conditions. This study concludes that the FONi Minapadi system has the potential to improve irrigation management efficiency in integrated agriculture. However, further research is needed to understand the influence of technical and environmental factors on the Kc value and to compare it with other irrigation systems
Analysis of Road Surfacing Using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and Surface Distress Index (SDI)
Get PDFA roadway is an important infrastructure for the smooth flow of the economy. High traffic volume and frequent use decrease the quality of the road and affect traffic comfort. It is important to maintain roads regularly, effectively, and efficiently. The PCI and SDI methods are effective ways to evaluate road damage advantages reflecting the actual condition of the damage. This study aim to analyze the condition of the road and comparing the maintenance cost based on assessment result from this two methods. The location conducted on connecting road at Cilubang Mekar Road in the city of Bogor. The survey covered damage such as alligator cracking, edge cracking, shoulder settlement, patching, potholes, and deterioration. The PCI value was 66.92, indicating a moderate rating, and the SDI value was 35, indicating a good rating. The recommended methods for handling the severity using the City Road Maintenance System Guidelines No. 02/P/BM/2025 are P2 (paving), P5 (patching), P6 (leveling), and U3 (regrading). An overlay of 4 cm is also recommended. The estimated cost of repairing the Cilubang Mekar road is Rp 50,021,000 based on the PCI method and Rp 30,336,000 based on the SDI method. However, since patching and potholes significantly impact the road, it is sufficient to use the SDI method for repairs
Analysis and Performance Improvement of a Four-Leg Unsignalized Intersection (Case of study: Duta Berlian Intersection, Dramaga, Bogor)
Get PDFThe Duta Berlian intersection near IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor experiences severe traffic congestion due to traffic volumes exceeding its capacity, high roadside friction, and the absence of traffic light. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the existing intersection and assess several improvement scenarios to improve intersection’s capacity and level of service (LOS). Traffic volume surveys were carried out using the Classified Turning Movement Counting (CTMC) method during morning and evening peak hours, followed by analysis of capacity, degree of saturation (DS), delay, and queue probability calculations. The 2023 Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (PKJI 2023) and Ministry of Transportation Regulation No. 96/2015 were used as the analysis method and LOS classification. The analysis showed that the existing condition has DS of 1.08, average delay of 23.3 sec/PCU, queue probability of 93.23%, and LOS C. Four scenarios were tested: approach widening, conversion to a signalized intersection, application of a four-phase signal with right-turn separation, and addition of a left turn on red (LTOR) lane. The optimal scenario combined a minimum widening of 2 m with a four-phase signal and LTOR, reducing DS to 0.70, delay to 12–15 sec/PCU (LOS B), and potentially decreasing accident rates by 20–50%. In conclusion, conversion to a signalized intersection with geometric redesign and traffic flow management significantly improves intersection performance and is recommended to be equipped with yellow box junctions, markings, and signage as a medium-term solution. For a long-term solution, a grade-separated intersection is recommended
Determinan Diversifikasi Konsumsi Pangan Rumah Tangga Di Provinsi Lampung (Analisis Data SUSENAS 2019): Indonesia
No full textChanging food patterns that are more varied and reducing rice consumption was an effort to increase food consumption diversification to obtain superior human resources. The purpose of this study was to identify the household food consumption diversity in Lampung Province and to analyze its determinants. This research uses secondary data from the results of the 2019 National Social Economic Survey (NSES). The number of samples used in this research is 9,046 households. The method used to analyze household diversification is the Berry Index (BI), while multiple regression is used to determine the determinants of food consumption diversification. The results showed that the majority of households were classified as moderately diversified with an average BI of 0.826. The results of this study show that household income, number of household members, age of head of household, education of head of household and mother, type of area, gender of the household’s head and level of welfare affected diversification of household food consumption