Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Fermented High Moisture Corn and Ear Corn as Alternative Feedstuffs for Feedlot Calves
Get PDFHigh-moisture corn products offer potential advantages in intensive cattle feeding systems by providing high-energy feedstuffs while allowing earlier harvest. This study evaluated the nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of fermented high-moisture grain corn (HMG) and high-moisture ear corn (HME) compared to conventional corn grain (CG) and corn silage (CS) through in vitro and in situ techniques. Six samples from each corn product were collected from commercial farms, pooled, and analyzed in five replicates. Chemical analysis revealed that HME contained higher neutral detergent fiber (19.0% vs. 4.25%) but lower starch (60.95% vs. 66.75%) and crude protein (7.27% vs. 8.32%) compared to HMG (p<0.01). While accumulated gas production was similar among HMG, HME, and CG, all significantly exceeded CS values (p<0.01). HMG demonstrated the highest gas production rate and metabolizable energy content (12.2 MJ/kg), significantly higher than HME (10.1 MJ/kg). In vitro organic matter digestibility was highest in HMG (751.5 g/kg), while HME showed intermediate values (680.2 g/kg). The in situ evaluation revealed higher effective rumen degradability for HMG compared to HME (p<0.01). Ammonia nitrogen concentrations remained above microbial requirements across all treatments, with HMG and HME showing similar patterns. Volatile fatty acid profiles indicated enhanced fiber degradability in high-moisture products compared to CG. In conclusion, fermented high-moisture corn products demonstrated distinct nutritional characteristics compared to conventional corn grain, with HMG showing higher energy content and digestibility values, while HME exhibited increased fiber content. These findings provide quantitative data on the nutritional value of fermented high-moisture corn alternatives for feedlot cattle feeding formulations
Coastal Vulnerability – Maritime Security Nexus: Insights from the Coast of Java Island
Get PDFIndonesia, as an archipelagic state with one of the world’s longest coastlines, faced significant coastal vulnerabilities, such as erosion, sea-level rise, and mangrove loss, which intersected with maritime security concerns and impacted livelihoods, communities, and sustainability. This study explored the linkage between coastal vulnerability and maritime security, focusing on Java Island. Using qualitative methods and a literature review, it examined Java’s critical coastal vulnerabilities and their influence on Indonesia’s maritime security. Key issues included environmental degradation, the well-being of coastal communities, marine ecosystem health, maritime crimes, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, analyzed within national development and coastal policy contexts. Findings revealed common ecological threats along Java’s coasts, the interconnection between coastal vulnerability and Bueger’s Maritime Security dimensions, and the need for a maritime security perspective to address sidelined vulnerabilities during non-crisis periods. This research underscored the importance of integrating coastal vulnerability into maritime security discussions to enhance resilience, preparedness, and proactive policy-making at local and national levels
Temporal Assessment of Seagrass Degradation on Singkep and Lingga Islands, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia (2016-2020)
Get PDFLamun merupakan salah satu komponen penting ekosistem pesisir, sehingga perlu dilestarikan untuk menjaga kesehatan ekosistem. Studi ini membahas degradasi padang lamun di wilayah pesisir Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia, dengan memanfaatkan teknik penginderaan jauh dan analisis data spasial. Citra satelit menawarkan cara yang hemat biaya untuk memantau kesehatan lamun di perairan pesisir dangkal. Studi ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2020 di enam stasiun, termasuk empat di Pulau Lingga dan dua di Pulau Singkep. Studi ini menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel-2 dari tahun 2019 dan menerapkan Depth Invariant Index (DII) dengan klasifikasi Support Vector Machine (SVM). Pengamatan in-situ, yang dilakukan secara bersamaan, memvalidasi data satelit dan memfasilitasi penilaian akurasi lamun, termasuk identifikasi spesies menggunakan metodologi Seagrass-Watch (Transect Quadrant). Hasilnya mengungkapkan degradasi lamun yang signifikan di Kepulauan Riau. Metode DII mengungkap hilangnya lamun yang luas, meliputi sekitar 175 km2 padang lamun di Kepulauan Lingga dan Singkep. Identifikasi spesies mengonfirmasi keberadaan Halophila Ovalis, Halophila Minor, Thalassia Hemprichii, dan mengidentifikasi Enhalus Acroides sebagai spesies dominan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting tentang degradasi temporal lingkungan lamun di sepanjang wilayah pesisir Kepulauan Riau, yang menyoroti pentingnya upaya pemantauan dan pelestarian yang berkelanjutan.Seagrass plays a crucial role in coastal ecosystems, necessitating its preservation to maintain ecosystem health. This study addresses the degradation of seagrass meadows in the coastal regions of the Riau Islands, Indonesia, utilizing remote sensing techniques and spatial data analysis. Satellite imagery offers a cost-effective means of monitoring seagrass health in shallow coastal waters. In October 2020, the research team conducted the study at six stations—four on Lingga Island and two on Singkep Island. Utilized Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2019 and applied the Depth Invariant Index (DII) along with Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. In-situ observations, conducted simultaneously, validated the satellite data and facilitated seagrass accuracy assessment, including species identification using the Seagrass-Watch (Transect Quadrant) methodology. The results reveal significant seagrass degradation in the Riau Islands. The DII method detected extensive seagrass losses, covering approximately 175 km2 of seagrass meadows across Lingga and Singkep Islands. Species identification confirmed the presence of Halophila ovalis, Halophila minor, Thalassia hemprichii, and identified Enhalus acoroides as the dominant species. This research gives important insights into the temporal degradation of seagrass environments along the coastal regions of the Riau Islands, highlighting the importance of continued monitoring and preservation efforts
Faktor-Faktor Pendorong Adopsi dan Potensi Ekonomi Biogas dari Limbah Ternak Sapi Perah di Hulu DAS Citarum
Get PDFABSTRAK
Usaha peternakan sapi perah memproduksi limbah ternak sebagai produk sampingan yang memiliki potensi untuk mencemari lingkungan. Biogas dari limbah ternak sapi perah merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mencegah polusi. Namundemikian, tidak seluruh petani di hulu DAS Citarum mengelola limbah ternak yang dihasilkannya dan membuang ke dalam aliran sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan peternak untuk mengelola, berhenti mengelola maupun tidak mengelola limbah ternak sapi perah yang dihasilkan, serta untuk mengestimasi potensi biaya-manfaat dari pengolahan biogas dari limbah ternak sapi perah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Tarumajaya, Kecamatan Kertasari, Kabupaten Bandung pada bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2017. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Regresi Logistik Multinomial dan Extended Cost-Benefit Analysis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecenderungan untuk mengelola limbah ternak yaitu pembinaan (0,023), umur (0,035), tekanan sosial (0,045) dan keanggotaan pada kelompok peternak (0,051). NPV dari pengolahan biogas di hulu DAS Citarum mencapai Rp.5.298.340.499,- dan Net-B/C Ratio mencapai 1,60.
Kata Kunci: limbah ternak sapi perah, biogas, regresi multinomial, extended CBAABSTRACT
Dairy farming also produces manure as a by-product that has the potential to pollute the environment. Biogas from dairy waste is one of the solution to prevent pollution. However, some of the dairy farmers in the upstream Citarum watershed did not manage their waste and dispose it into the waterways. This study aims to identify factors that influence farmers\u27 decisions to manage, stop managing or not managing dairy waste, and to estimate the potential costs and benefits of biogas processing. This study was conducted in February to August 2017 at Tarumajaya, Kertasari Sub-District of Bandung Regency. The method used was Multinomial Logistic Regression and Extended Cost-Benefit Analysis. The study showed that determinant factors that influence farmers’ tendency to manage dairy waste were fostering to the farmers (0,023), age (0,035), social pressure from the surrounding community (0,045), and membership in farmer groups (0,051). The Net-Present Value of biogas processing reached 5.298.340.449 IDR, and Net-B/C Ratio of 1,60.
Keyword: dairy waste, biogas, multinomial logistic regression, extended CB
PERAWATAN PADA KUCING PENDERITA FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS DENGAN KOMPLIKASI GINJAL DI PAWS CLAWS PET CLINIC: treatment of cat with feline immunodeficiency virus with kidney complications at paws claws pet clinic
Get PDFFeline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) adalah penyakit yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh kucing, menyebabkan kucing rentan terhadap berbagai infeksi sekunder. Studi epidemiologi menyatakan jumlah kucing yang positif FIV dengan prevalensi 5,5% kucing jantan lebih banyak dari pada kucing betina. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguraikan tindakan perawatan dan pemeliharaan suportif yang perlu dilakukan pada kucing yang mengalami FIV dengan komplikasi ginjal. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu ekor kucing terinfeksi FIV yang dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan laboratorium meliputi hematologi, kimia darah, rapid test. Terapi suportif yang diberikan meliputi terapi cairan, pemberian antibiotik serta suplemen imunomodulator untuk mendukung sistem kekebalan tubuh. Hasil pemeriksaan hematologi dan kimia darah menunjukkan peningkatan pada beberapa parameter sebelum dilakukan perawatan. Kucing yang terinfeksi FIV setelah dilakukan perawatan suportif dapat meningkatkan kondisi kesehatan serta kualitas hidup kucing
Penyuluhan Hama dan Penyakit pada Tanaman Padi dan Hortikultura di Desa Cihamerang, Sukabumi
Get PDFThe majority of Cihamerang Village residents are horticultural farmers. One of the challenges faced by them is pest and disease attacks. Cihamerang Village farmers overcome this by uprooting infected plants and using chemical pesticides which of course can have a negative impact if done continuously. Therefore, counseling on plant pests and diseases in the form of applying the use of botanical pesticides and eco enzyme as a substitute for the use of chemical pesticides, is one alternative to overcome these challenges. This extension aims to increase farmers\u27 knowledge and understanding of the types of diseases and plant pest organisms (OPT) in rice and horticultural crops and how to control them. The methods used were counseling, discussion, demonstration, and evaluation. Counseling was conducted using the lecture method. The material provided was related to the identification of pests and plant diseases, how to control pests and plant diseases, how to make botanical pesticides, and how to make eco enzyme. Discussions were held between farmers and academics and agricultural experts. Demonstrations were conducted to improve farmers\u27 skills in making botanical pesticides and eco enzyme. The evaluation results showed that this activity increased the knowledge of Cihamerang Village farmers related to pests and plant diseases, as well as the manufacture of botanical pesticides and eco enzyme.The majority of Cihamerang Village residents are horticultural farmers. One of the challenges faced by them is pest and disease attacks. Cihamerang Village farmers overcome this by uprooting infected plants and using chemical pesticides which of course can have a negative impact if done continuously. Therefore, counseling on plant pests and diseases in the form of applying the use of botanical pesticides and eco enzyme as a substitute for the use of chemical pesticides, is one alternative to overcome these challenges. This extension aims to increase farmers\u27 knowledge and understanding of the types of diseases and plant pest organisms (OPT) in rice and horticultural crops and how to control them. The methods used were counseling, discussion, demonstration, and evaluation. Counseling was conducted using the lecture method. The material provided was related to the identification of pests and plant diseases, how to control pests and plant diseases, how to make botanical pesticides, and how to make eco enzyme. Discussions were held between farmers and academics and agricultural experts. Demonstrations were conducted to improve farmers\u27 skills in making botanical pesticides and eco enzyme. The evaluation results showed that this activity increased the knowledge of Cihamerang Village farmers related to pests and plant diseases, as well as the manufacture of botanical pesticides and eco enzyme
Phallus prolapse in a sulcata tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) at Batu Secret Zoo, East Java
Get PDFBackground In Sulcata tortoises (Centrochelys sulcata), the phallus naturally extends through the cloaca during mating. However, excessive and persistent phallus protrusion, often due to aggressive mating behavior, increases the risk of prolapse.
Objective This case report describes phallus prolapse in a Sulcata tortoise at Batu Secret Zoo, East Java, Indonesia.
Case A male Sulcata tortoise, over 15 years old and weighing 30 kg, exhibited frequent aggressive behavior during the mating season. On August 30, 2024, the keeper reported a tortoise\u27s phallus protruding from the cloaca. Physical examination revealed a necrotic phallus surrounded by abscesses. A blood smear examination suggested anemia. The patient was diagnosed with phallus prolapse caused by mating-related trauma.
Treatment Minor surgical debridement was performed to remove necrotic tissue and abscesses associated with hyperkeratinization and inflammation. Postoperative care included a 7-day course of antibiotics, multivitamins, lactated Ringer’s solution with glucose infusion, and haematodin.
Conclusion Minor surgery succeeded in repositioning the phallus within the cloaca, and the tortoise exhibited healthy clinical signs after seven days of postoperative care
Ultrasound-guided egg aspiration in Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) with chronic egg retention
Get PDFBackground Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), the world\u27s largest lizard, is endemic to the Indonesian Lesser Sunda Islands. In captivity, egg retention (dystocia) can occur because of suboptimal environmental conditions, poor nutrition, stress, or reproductive abnormalities.
Objective This case study aimed to describe the successful application of ultrasound-guided aspiration for the treatment of chronic egg retention in captive Komodo dragon.
Case A 17-year-old female Komodo dragon was diagnosed as having chronic egg retention. A retained egg was identified in the reproductive tract for seven months without clinical signs or reproductive behavior. Ultrasound imaging revealed an egg measuring 12 cm × 5 cm, positioned longitudinally.
Treatment Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed to facilitate the expulsion. The dragon was anesthetized with intravenous medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg) and ketamine (5 mg/kg), and anesthesia was maintained using 3 L/min oxygen. The animal remained in left lateral recumbency throughout the procedure. Ultrasound-guided aspiration was performed using MyLab™ Sigma - Esaote with an SP2730 Phased Array Probe and an 18-gauge, 10 cm sterile needle. The aspiration procedure reduced the egg size to 10 cm × 3 cm, and within 10 h, Komodo successfully expelled it. Seven months after treatment, normal reproductive cycling resumed, as indicated by follicular development.
Conclusion This case highlights the efficacy of ultrasound-guided aspiration in managing egg retention in Komodo dragons and ensuring reproductive recovery
Efektivitas Pop-up Book Aplikatif sebagai Media Edukasi tentang Hipertensi pada Siswa SMP Islam Al-Mustarih Kota Bogor: The Effectiveness of Using an Applied Pop-up Book as an Educational Medium to Teach Students at Al-Mustarih Islamic Junior High School in Bogor City about Hypertension
Get PDFHipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia dan telah menunjukkan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia, termasuk pada kelompok usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas dan tingkat penerimaan media edukasi pop-up book aplikatif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku gizi siswa SMP sebagai upaya preventif terhadap hipertensi. Penelitian menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen one-group pre-test dan post-test yang melibatkan 64 siswa SMP Islam Al-Mustarih Kota Bogor. Intervensi dilakukan melalui ceramah dan penggunaan media pop-up book. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pengetahuan gizi siswa setelah intervensi (p<0,001), dengan n-gain percent 67% yang dikategorikan cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan gizi subjek. Selain itu, tingkat penerimaan siswa terhadap media sangat tinggi, yaitu sebesar 92,2%. Kesimpulannya, media pop-up book aplikatif efektif dan diterima dengan baik sebagai sarana edukasi gizi preventif terhadap hipertensi pada remaja.Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and remains highly prevalent in Indonesia, including among younger populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of an interactive educational pop-up book in improving junior high school students’ nutritional knowledge and behaviors as a preventive measure against hypertension. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was employed, involving 64 students from SMP Islam Al-Mustarih in Bogor City. The intervention included a lecture and the use of a pop-up book. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant increase in nutritional knowledge after the intervention (p<0.001), with an n-gain percent of 67% categorized as moderately effective in increasing subject’s knowledge. Furthermore, the media was well received, with 92.2% of participants expressing positive responses. In conclusion, the pop-up book proved to be both effective and well-accepted for delivering nutritional education to support hypertension prevention in adolescents
Effect of solvent variation on results of antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFBackground Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) is widely used for disk diffusion tests to assess antibiotic susceptibility in non-fastidious bacteria. The type of water used to prepare the MHA may have affected the test outcomes.
Objective This study evaluated the effect of different water types as solvents on the antibiotic susceptibility test results of tetracycline and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods MHA was prepared using four types of water: distilled (control), bottled, reverse osmosis (RO), and municipal tap water (PDAM). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test.
Results The mean inhibition zones for tetracycline were 23.8 ± 0.99 mm (distilled), 23.4 ± 0.37 mm (bottled), 23.0 ± 0.43 mm (RO), and 17.8 ± 1.41 mm (tap), categorized as sensitive except for tap water (intermediate). For gentamicin, the zones were 11.7 ± 0.37 mm (distilled), 12.7 ± 0.77 mm (bottled), 9.8 ± 0.18 mm (RO), and 17.6 ± 1.19 mm (tap), with the first three classified as resistant and tap water as sensitive. The tap water results were significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the other antibiotics.
Conclusion The use of non-standard solvents in MHA preparation, particularly tap water, may lead to inconsistent antibiotic susceptibility results. Standardized use of distilled water is recommended to ensure test accuracy and reliability