Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Common carp aquaculture Cyprinus carpio in Iraq: history, challenges, and opportunities
Full text linkCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a cornerstone of freshwater aquaculture in Iraq, playing a vital role in food security, rural livelihood, and economic development. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the historical introduction and evolution of carp farming in Iraq, highlighting its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and its integration into various aquaculture systems, such as pond and cage culture. The study examines the economic significance of carp production, particularly in rural areas, where it serves as a primary source of income and animal protein. It also explores the challenges faced by the sector, such as water scarcity, disease outbreaks, and environmental impacts, while emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and technological advancements. The article underscores the potential for future growth through genetic improvement, integrated farming systems, and government support in line with global sustainability goals. By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities, Iraq’s carp aquaculture sector can enhance productivity, ensure food security, and contribute to the nation’s economic resilience.
Keywords: carp production, food security, polyculture systems
Abstrak
Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan komponen utama dalam akuakultur air tawar di Irak, memainkan peran penting dalam ketahanan pangan, mata pencaharian pedesaan, dan pembangunan ekonomi. Artikel ini memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai pengenalan sejarah dan perkembangan budidaya ikan mas di Irak, menyoroti adaptabilitasnya terhadap berbagai kondisi lingkungan, serta integrasinya ke dalam berbagai sistem akuakultur seperti budidaya di kolam dan keramba. Penelitian ini juga mengkaji signifikansi ekonomi produksi ikan mas, khususnya di daerah pedesaan, di mana ikan mas berfungsi sebagai sumber utama pendapatan dan protein hewani. Selain itu, artikel ini mengeksplorasi tantangan yang dihadapi sektor ini, seperti kekurangan air, wabah penyakit, dan dampak lingkungan, sembari menekankan pentingnya praktik berkelanjutan dan kemajuan teknologi. Artikel ini juga menyoroti potensi pertumbuhan di masa depan melalui perbaikan genetik, sistem pertanian terintegrasi, dan dukungan pemerintah sesuai dengan tujuan keberlanjutan global. Dengan mengatasi tantangan ini dan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada, sektor akuakultur ikan mas di Irak dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, memastikan ketahanan pangan, dan berkontribusi pada ketahanan ekonomi negara.
Kata Kunci: ketahanan pangan, produksi ikan mas, sistem polikultu
OBITUARY: Agustin Wydia Gunawan: OBITUARY: Agustin Wydia Gunawan
No full textOBITUARY
Agustin Wydia Gunawan ( 21 Agustus 1948 - 15 Maret 2025).
Kolega, sahabat, teman seperjuangan, guru kita, Ir. Agustin Wydia Gunawan MS, biasanya lebih dikenal dengan nama Ibu Gin, telah berpulang meninggalkan kita semua pada 15 Maret 2025. Ibu Gin lahir di Semarang pada 21 Agustus 1948 dan menghabiskan masa kecil dan masa remajanya di Semarang.Setelah lulus dari SMA Loyola Puteri-Sedes Sapiente di Semarang pada 1967, Ibu Gin melanjutkan studi di Fakultas Pertanian, Intstitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), dan lulus pada 1973 dengan bidang keahlian Fitopatologi, khususnya penyakit-penyakit tanaman yang disebabkan oleh cendawan (jamur). Di IPB juga, Ibu Gin melanjutkan studinya dengan meraih gelar Magister Science pada tahun 1990. Ketertarikannya pada dunia cendawan dibuktikannya dengan pengalamannya menjadi asisten mata kuliah Mikologi, di Laboratorium Mikologi, Departemen Botani, Faperta IPB sejak masih studi sarjananya. Ketika Departemen Biologi bediri di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Ibu Gin menjadi staf pengajar dan mengasuh mata kuliah Mikologi Dasar, Biologi Cendawan, Budidaya Jamur. Ibu Gin memasuki masa purna bakti pada September 2013. Selain di IPB, Ibu Gin juga menjadi dosen di Program studi Bioteknologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Unika Atmajaya Jakarta, periode 2003-2020 dan mengasuh mata kuliah Bioteknologi Cendawan serta Metode Penulisan dan Penyajian Ilmiah. Selama menjadi dosen, Ibu Gin aktif melakukan pembimbingan penelitian dengan topik terkait cendawan dekomposer, mikoriza, cendawan entomopatogen, dan jamur-jamur edible , selain cendawan parasit tanaman. Beberapa artikel yang ditulisnya terkait tema di atas terbit di beberapa jurnal ilmiah. Ibu Gin juga aktif menulis dan terlibat dalam penerbitan buku yang masih berhubungan dengan cendawan di antaranya Penuntun Praktikum Mikologi Dasar (1989), Bertanam Jamur Merang (1989), Budidaya Jamur Tiram serta Pembuatan Bibit Jamur (1990), Budidaya Jamur (1992), Kamus Istilah Mikologi (1993), Usaha Pembibitan Jamur (2000), dan Cendawan dalam praktik Laboratorium (2004, 2009). Buku-buku ini merupakan karya sendiri maupun bersama-sama dengan penulis lainnya. Dedikasi pada bidang cendawan juga disalurkan dalam bidang keredaksian melalui keterlibatannya aktif sebagai anggota profesi, maupun sebagai pengelola jurnal ilmiah, antara lain Hayati, Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI), dan Jurnal Mikrobiologi (Microbiology Indonesia). Bahkan, Ibu Gin berperan besar dalam menghidupkan kembali Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI) sampai dengan dapat terakreditasi Sinta 2 sejak 2015.OBITUARY
Agustin Wydia Gunawan ( 21 Agustus 1948 - 15 Maret 2025).
Kolega, sahabat, teman seperjuangan, guru kita, Ir. Agustin Wydia Gunawan MS, biasanya lebih dikenal dengan nama Ibu Gin, telah berpulang meninggalkan kita semua pada 15 Maret 2025. Ibu Gin lahir di Semarang pada 21 Agustus 1948 dan menghabiskan masa kecil dan masa remajanya di Semarang.Setelah lulus dari SMA Loyola Puteri-Sedes Sapiente di Semarang pada 1967, Ibu Gin melanjutkan studi di Fakultas Pertanian, Intstitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), dan lulus pada 1973 dengan bidang keahlian Fitopatologi, khususnya penyakit-penyakit tanaman yang disebabkan oleh cendawan (jamur). Di IPB juga, Ibu Gin melanjutkan studinya dengan meraih gelar Magister Science pada tahun 1990. Ketertarikannya pada dunia cendawan dibuktikannya dengan pengalamannya menjadi asisten mata kuliah Mikologi, di Laboratorium Mikologi, Departemen Botani, Faperta IPB sejak masih studi sarjananya. Ketika Departemen Biologi bediri di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Ibu Gin menjadi staf pengajar dan mengasuh mata kuliah Mikologi Dasar, Biologi Cendawan, Budidaya Jamur. Ibu Gin memasuki masa purna bakti pada September 2013. Selain di IPB, Ibu Gin juga menjadi dosen di Program studi Bioteknologi, Fakultas Teknobiologi, Unika Atmajaya Jakarta, periode 2003-2020 dan mengasuh mata kuliah Bioteknologi Cendawan serta Metode Penulisan dan Penyajian Ilmiah. Selama menjadi dosen, Ibu Gin aktif melakukan pembimbingan penelitian dengan topik terkait cendawan dekomposer, mikoriza, cendawan entomopatogen, dan jamur-jamur edible , selain cendawan parasit tanaman. Beberapa artikel yang ditulisnya terkait tema di atas terbit di beberapa jurnal ilmiah. Ibu Gin juga aktif menulis dan terlibat dalam penerbitan buku yang masih berhubungan dengan cendawan di antaranya Penuntun Praktikum Mikologi Dasar (1989), Bertanam Jamur Merang (1989), Budidaya Jamur Tiram serta Pembuatan Bibit Jamur (1990), Budidaya Jamur (1992), Kamus Istilah Mikologi (1993), Usaha Pembibitan Jamur (2000), dan Cendawan dalam praktik Laboratorium (2004, 2009). Buku-buku ini merupakan karya sendiri maupun bersama-sama dengan penulis lainnya. Dedikasi pada bidang cendawan juga disalurkan dalam bidang keredaksian melalui keterlibatannya aktif sebagai anggota profesi, maupun sebagai pengelola jurnal ilmiah, antara lain Hayati, Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI), dan Jurnal Mikrobiologi (Microbiology Indonesia). Bahkan, Ibu Gin berperan besar dalam menghidupkan kembali Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia (JFI) sampai dengan dapat terakreditasi Sinta 2 sejak 2015
Pengaruh Pupuk Boron Cair Terhadap Karakteristik Morfologi dan Produktivitas Biomassa Sorgum Samurai 1 (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench): Effect Of Liquid Boron Fertilizer On Morphology Characteristics And Biomass Produktitivity Of Sorghum Samurai 1 (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench)
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the effect of liquid boron fertilizer on the morphological characteristics and biomass productivity of sorghum samurai 1. The research design used a randomized block design (RBD) 5 x 8, resulting in 40 treatments. The factor applied was liquid boron fertilizer with the following variations: A0= no boric acid addition; A1 = boric acid 10 ppm (equivalent to 0.360 g H3BO3/5L); A2 = boric acid 20 ppm (equivalent to 0.720 g H3BO3/5L); A3 = boric acid 30 ppm (equivalent to 1.080 g H3BO3/5L); A4 = boric acid 40 ppm (equivalent to 1.440 g H3BO3/5L). The results showed that 20 to 30 ppm does significantly increased leaf length, plant height, and chlorophyll content (p<0.05). However, there was no significant effect on biomass production, nutrient evaluation, and fiber fractions. In conclusion, boron contributes to the vegetative growth of the plant but does not significantly affect biomass production, nutrient evaluation, and fiber fractions of sorghum samurai
Laporan Kasus: Upaya Meningkatkan Asupan Zat Gizi pada Pasien Malnutrisi dengan Chronic Kidney Disease Stage V yang Menjalani Hemodialisis: Case Report: Efforts to Increase Nutrient Intake in a Malnourished Patient with Stage V Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis
Full text linkChronic kidney disease (CKD) stage V is a terminal condition that requires renal replacement therapy and optimal nutritional intervention. Malnutrition is commonly found in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis and may worsen clinical outcomes. This case report aims to describe the role of nutritional intervention in a malnourished patient with CKD stage V. The patient was a 55-year-old individual with CKD stage V complicated by uremia, hypertensive heart disease (HHD), pneumonia, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia, and dyspepsia, and was at risk of malnutrition based on a Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) score of 3 and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) category B. Nutritional care was provided during three days of hospitalization using the Nutrition Care Process approach, including nutritional assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring and evaluation. The intervention consisted of a diabetic dialysis diet along with nutrition education and counseling. The results showed an improvement in nutrient intake and clinical condition, although intake did not reach ≥80% of the estimated requirements. Nutritional intervention plays an important role in supporting clinical improvement in patients with CKD stage V with comorbidities.
Penyakit ginjal kronik (CKD) stage V merupakan kondisi terminal yang memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal dan intervensi gizi yang optimal. Malnutrisi sering terjadi pada pasien CKD yang menjalani hemodialisis dan dapat memperburuk kondisi klinis. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan menggambarkan peran intervensi gizi pada pasien malnutrisi dengan CKD stage V. Pasien berusia 55 tahun dengan CKD stage V disertai uremia, Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD), pneumonia, efusi pleura, tuberkulosis, diabetes melitus tipe 2, anemia, dan dispepsia, berisiko malnutrisi berdasarkan MST skor 3 dan SGA kategori B. Asuhan gizi dilakukan selama 3 hari rawat inap menggunakan pendekatan Nutrition Care Process meliputi asesmen, diagnosis, intervensi, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Intervensi berupa pemberian diet diabetes dialisis serta edukasi dan konseling gizi. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan asupan zat gizi dan perbaikan kondisi klinis, meskipun belum mencapai ≥80% kebutuhan. Intervensi gizi berperan penting dalam mendukung perbaikan kondisi pasien CKD stage V dengan komorbiditas
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik, Kecukupan Energi dan Lemak dengan Obesitas Abdominal pada Mahasiswa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia: Correlation of Physical Activity, Energy and Fat Sufficiency with Abdominal Obesity in Students at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Full text linkAbdominal obesity is one of the most sensitive and accurate indicators for assessing a person\u27s risk of developing degenerative diseases. College students are considered a vulnerable group as they are in a transitional phase toward adulthood, often experiencing lifestyle changes, irregular eating patterns, lack of physical activity, and high levels of stress due to academic demands. This study aims to identify the factors associated with abdominal obesity among students at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Based on the Lemeshow formula, the total number of subjects in this study is 41, with a 10% margin of error. The primary data used were obtained through two methods, interviews and anthropometric measurements. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate tests. The bivariate analysis used is the chi-square test. The results of the study show a significant relationship between energy adequacy (p-value=0.02), fat adequacy (p-value=0.034), and physical activity (p-value=0.036) with the abdominal obesity.
Obesitas abdominal merupakan salah satu indikator yang paling sensitif dan tepat untuk melihat risiko penyakit degeneratif seseorang. Mahasiswa adalah salah satu kelompok yang rentan karena berada dalam masa transisi menuju dewasa, seringkali mengalami perubahan gaya hidup, pola makan tidak teratur, kurang aktivitas fisik, serta tingkat stres yang tinggi akibat tuntutan akademik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas abdominal pada mahasiswa di Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Berdasarkan rumus Lemeshow, total subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 41 orang dengan taraf kesalahan 10%. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari dua metode pengambilan data yaitu wawancara dan pengukuran antropometri. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji univariat dan bivariat. Analisis bivariat yang digunakan adalah chi-square. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kecukupan energi (p-value=0,02), kecukupan lemak (p-value=0,034), aktivitas fisik (p-value=0,036) terhadap kejadian obesitas abdominal
Hubungan Asupan Energi dengan Status Gizi Pasien Hemodialisis Chronic Kidney Disease di RS Mohammad Hoesin Palembang: The Relationship between Energy Intake and Nutritional Status of Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital
Full text linkChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit degeneratif utama di Indonesia dengan tingkat mortalitas yang cukup tinggi. Faktor penting untuk mencegah keparahan penyakit pasien CKD adalah dengan menjaga status gizi melalui asupan energi yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi pasien CKD yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis di RS Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Desain yang digunakan yaitu cross-sectional dengan teknik purposive sampling. Responden terdiri dari 66 pasien CKD rawat jalan yang menjalani hemodialisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki status gizi normal (66,7%), tetapi sebagian besar memiliki asupan energi yang kurang (72,7%) dan asupan protein (63,6%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara asupan energi dengan status gizi pasien CKD dengan hemodialisis (p<0,05). Pemantauan status gizi rutin dan pengaturan pola makan yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan status gizi pasien CKD.Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is one of the main types of degenerative diseases in Indonesia, with a fairly high mortality rate. A crucial factor in preventing the severity of CKD is maintaining nutritional status through adequate energy intake. This study aims to analyze the relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of CKD patients on hemodialysis therapy at the Ministry of Health, Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. The study design was cross-sectional with a purposive sampling technique. Respondents consisted of 66 CKD outpatients on hemodialysis. The results showed that most respondents had normal nutritional status (66.7%), but most had insufficient energy intake (72.7%) and protein intake (63.6%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between energy intake and nutritional status of CKD patients on hemodialysis (p<0.05). Routine monitoring of nutritional status and proper dietary patterns are essential to improve the nutritional status of CKD patients
RISK ANALISYS OF DEMERSAL FISHING USING FISH TRAP IN SERIBU ISLAND, JAKARTA
Get PDFDemersal fish capture activities using fish traps in the Seribu Islands have relatively high risks as they involve divers, the operation of simple compressors, and dynamic marine environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the level of risk at each stage of trap fishing, including preparation, fishing operations, and post-fishing activities, as well as to formulate appropriate control measures. The methods applied was Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) to evaluate risks based on frequency and severity. The results showed that most activities were classified as high risk, with 16,7% in the preparation stage, 65,2% in the fishing operation stage, and 61,5% in the post-fishing operation stage, while the remaining activities were categorized as medium risk, and no activities were identified as low risk. Internal factors such as physical fatigue, lack of knowledge, and non-compliance with safety procedures, and external factors such as unfavorable weather and strong underwater currents, were identified as the dominant causes of high risk. Comprehensive risk control is therefore required through regular equipment maintenance, the implementation of safe work procedures, and the consistent use of personal protective equipment to enhance the safety of trap fishers in the Seribu Islands.
Key words: fish trap, occupational safety, ris
Repellent Ability of Encapsulated Guava Leaves Extract and Horticultural Mineral Oil (HMO) on the Feeding Behaviour of Diaphorina citri
Full text linkRepellency is one of strategies to reduce Diaphorina citri attack. Guava leaf extract (GLE) and horticultural mineral oil (HMO) are well-known as repellents against D. citri but have short persistence. This research was conducted to increase the persistence of GLE and HMO extracts by using simultaneous co-delivery as part of environmentally friendly control of D. citri. The treatments used were 5% GLE, 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE, 5% encapsulated HMO, 5% encapsulated GLE + 5% encapsulated HMO, and aquadest as control. The result shows that 5% HMO, 5% GLE + 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE have a repellency effect on D. citri. In the non-encapsulated treatments, the percentage of D. citri stayed at treated citrus leaves increased significantly at 9 and 12 hours after application except 5% GLE + 5% HMO. Exposure to 5% GLE, 5% HMO, and 5% encapsulated GLE. The most dominant of GLE compounds was lactose and d-Glycero-l-gluco-heptose. The most dominant of HMO compounds were 17-Pentatriacontene, Tetrapentacontane 1,54-dibromo- and tert-Hexadecanethiol. Encapsulation of 5% GLE can increase the persistence of GLE as a repellent compound for D. citri, but this effect does not occur in HMOs
Detection of the PR5 Gene Associated with Downy Mildew Resistance and Genetic Diversity Analysis of S2 Lines of Local Maize (Zea mays L.) From South Sulawesi Using SSR Markers
Full text linkA significant decline in corn production is often associated with downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis), while maize varieties with genetic resistance to this disease are still relatively limited. A molecular-based approach is needed, such as Phatogenesis Related (PR5) gene detection, to identify maize genotypes that are potentially resistant to downy mildew. This study aims to identify the presence of the PR5 gene and analyze genetic diversity in local maize from South Sulawesi, Srikandi kuning (national variety), and Carotenoid sync 3 from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) to support the acceleration of downy mildew-resistant plant breeding programs. PR5 gene detection was carried out by extracting RNA according to the Total RNA Mini Kit Plant (Geneaid) procedure followed by PCR techniques with specific primers. Genetic diversity analysis was carried out using 15 polymorphic SSR primers. DNA amplification showed that 23 individuals were detected as containing the PR-5 gene from 30 samples tested based on the results of agarose gel electrophoresis. The PIC value obtained from the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers showed a high level of genetic diversity ranging from 0.64 to 0.93 with an average of 0.85. The genetic similarity matrix was calculated and analyzed using the UPGMA method using NTSYS version 2.2, producing a dendrogram with two main clusters. Cluster I has only one individual with a large genetic distance, while Cluster II is divided into two subclusters, IIA and IIB, reflecting the genetic closeness of most individuals. Individuals with PR5 genes and high genetic diversity were identified as potential candidates for use in a superior maize breeding program resistant to downy mildew disease
Effects of Physalis angulata Leaf Extract on Female Reproductive Organs Following Busulfan Injection in Rats
Full text linkPhysalis angulata L. (ciplukan) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy with anticancer and antioxidant properties. At the same time, busulfan, a chemotherapy alkylating agent, causes gonadotoxicity and oxidative stress that impair female reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of P. angulata on reproductive function after busulfan administration in female rats. Twenty-five 6-week-old female rats were randomly divided into: Group I (control), Group II (busulfan only), Group III (P. angulata only), Group IV (busulfan followed by P. angulata after 14 days), and Group V (busulfan and P. angulata administered for 28 days). FSHR and LHR expression in the ovaries and MDA levels in the ovaries and uterus were measured to assess reproductive changes. Busulfan showed no significant effect on FSHR and LHR, whereas P. angulata induced downregulation, suggesting a potential negative feedback mechanism on ovarian receptors. Ovarian MDA showed a decreasing trend with combined treatments, while uterine MDA peaked after busulfan but declined markedly with P. angulata, indicating its role in alleviating oxidative stress. In conclusion, P. angulata may modulate hormonal balance in rat ovaries and decrease oxidative stress in the uterus after busulfan treatment