Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Evaluation of Curcumin-derived Carbon-dots\u27 Inhibitory Activity as SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Candidate Using Chemical Crosslinking
Get PDFIn our previous work, we demonstrated that curcumin-derived carbon dots (Cur-CDs) have potential as antivirals for COVID-19. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated the potential of Cur-CDs against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the dimerization of the C-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein (N-CTD) using chemical crosslinking. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N-CTD was expressed, purified, and subjected to chemical crosslinking. The dimerization inhibition ability of Cur-CDs was assessed with ligand concentrations ranging from 0 to 2,000 μg/mL. Successful inhibition —defined as a noticeable reduction in SARS-CoV-2 N-CTD dimer band intensity on SDS-PAGE—was observed when Cur-CDs were present at 8 to 16 times the protein concentration. We hypothesize that Cur-CDs bind to the dimerization residues, preventing non-covalent interactions between monomers and limiting dimer formation. Our findings suggest that Cur-CDs could be a promising antiviral strategy for SARS-CoV-2, especially targeting the dimerization of the nucleocapsid protein. Additionally, this study also highlights the use of chemical crosslinking as a valuable tool for interaction-based drug screening
Production of Probiotic Pineapple Juice: Air Extrusion-Spherification System Development and Juice Storage Stability Assessment
Get PDFConsumption of probiotic beverages has been shown to enhance intestinal health and immune function. Encapsulation technology has been introduced to strengthen the stability of the probiotics in beverages. To improve the stability of the probiotics in pineapple juice, a spherification system was developed to encapsulate Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota in Ca-alginate gel microbeads using a co-axial air extrusion method. The effect of process variables (diameter and sphericity of microbeads) in the spherification system was investigated using image analysis software. The interrelationship of the process variables of the system was analyzed using dimensional analysis. Subsequently, the stability of probiotic gel microbeads in pasteurized pineapple juice was assessed. The results showed that the spherification system could produce uniform spherical probiotic gel microbeads with a size range of 0.4–2.6 mm. A mathematical model was developed to enable the production of microbeads with the desired diameter by selecting the proper process variables, specifically the Ohnesorge number, Weber number, and the liquid-to-air mass flow rate ratio. During the refrigerated storage period, the microbeads experienced minor shrinkage and shape distortion, but the pH and total soluble solids of the pineapple juice remained stable. The viability of the encapsulated L. paracasei strain Shirota was well retained in the refrigerated pineapple juice until the ninth day of the storage period. Lastly, the encapsulated L. paracasei strain Shirota demonstrated good tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal juices. The probiotics spherification system enables the production of probiotic pineapple juice with good stability and viability of the prebiotics
Morphological characteristics of Phalaenopsis hybrids treated with 1500 ppm colchicine
Get PDFThe increasing number of Phalaenopsis sp. enthusiasts needs to be balanced with the availability of good-quality cultivars, one of which can be achieved by improving flower morphological characteristics through colchicine induction. Colchicine-induced plants often exhibit superior traits such as larger, thicker, and more durable flowers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 1500 ppm colchicine concentration on the floral morphological characteristics of the Phalaenopsis sp., with a particular focus on flower size, petal thickness, and sepal morphology. This research provides genetic diversity information on Phalaenopsis sp., which can serve as a basis for future breeding programs and as a reference material for orchid growers and researchers. The materials used were flower buds of three Phalaenopsis varieties: Phalaenopsis Fuller’s Sunset, Phalaenopsis Golden Tree, and Phalaenopsis OX X-Ray. Each treatment was replicated three times. Morphological data were analyzed qualitatively through scoring and converted into binary data according to the Guide Book of Orchid Plant Characterization by the Ornamental Plant Research Center (2007). The results showed that 1500 ppm colchicine affects Phalaenopsis Fullers Sunset in the form of rhombus-shaped petals, and on Phalaenopsis Golden Tree in the form of pointed lateral sepal tips, concave transverse and longitudinal cross-sections of petals, and on Phalaenopsis OX X-Ray in the form of split dorsal sepal edges, and open petal arrangement. Overall, colchicine treatment also induced apparent enlargement of flowers in all three Phalaenopsis hybrids.
Keywords: chromosome; flower morphology; mutagenesis; ornamental plant; polyploid
Growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of shallots with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and cattle manure
Get PDFContinuous and excessive application of inorganic-N fertilizer leads to accumulation of chemical residues in soils, as plants typically utilize only about 50% of the applied nitrogen, which can further lead to environmental pollution. Resolve the low nitrogen uptake and fertilizer use efficiency, organic amendments, and beneficial microorganisms provide viable alternatives. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different PGPR concentrations and cattle manure doses on nitrogen uptake dynamics and nitrogen use efficiency parameters (NUpE, NUtE, and NUE), as well as shallot growth and yield, to determine the most efficient treatment that supports nutrient efficiency and sustainable agronomic practices. The experiment used a constant nitrogen inorganic fertilizer of 100 kg ha-1. A factorial randomized block design was employed, consisting of four PGPR concentrations: 0, 10, 20, and 30 mL L-1. The second factor was cattle manure dosage consisted of 0, 10, and 30 ton ha-1. Observation variables included plant growth, yield components, nitrogen uptake dynamics, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The results indicated significant interactions between PGPR and cattle manure in the number of tillers at 8 weeks after planting (WAP), crop growth rate (CGR) at 6–8 WAP, chlorophyll index, fresh and dry weight, and bulb weight. The treatment combining 30 mL L-1 PGPR with 30 t ha-1 cattle manure significantly increased average bulb weight by 136.6% compared to without PGPR + without cattle manure. This treatment also achieved the highest nitrogen uptake across all growth stages, peaking at 1 kg ha-1 per day at 56 DAP and recorded the highest NUpE from 41.90% to 64.50%, and reduced soil nitrogen losses by 22.6%. Consistent improvements in NUpE, NUtE, and NUE indicate that this integration enhances nitrogen translocation into shallot bulbs, leading to more efficient nutrient use, supporting higher productivity, and sustainable nutrient management.
Keywords: Allium ascalonicum; NUE; NUpE; NUtE; organic fertilize
Wildlife in Disturbed Forests: Reptile and Amphibian Diversity in South Papua
Get PDFThe unavoidable economic development in Papua will certainly cause habitat changes. The logging activities in the production forest areas provide various habitat types with different typologies based on the clearing of areas for timber production and human access in each habitat. This research aims to analyze the diversity, richness, evenness, and similarity of reptile and amphibian communities in relation to the type of habitat disturbance in the Production Forest Area of Boven Digoel, Papua. Field surveys were conducted in June-July 2023, using active and passive survey methods in highly disturbed, moderately disturbed, and undisturbed habitats. The Shannon diversity index values of herpetological diversity in the three habitat types ranged from 0.75 to 1.94. Highly disturbed habitats have the lowest number of individuals and species of reptiles and amphibians. However, the common reptiles and amphibians are found in undisturbed habitats. Two species of protected reptiles were recorded in this area. This indicates that some species are at risk of extinction if action is not taken to conserve their habitats
Kajian Literatur tentang Model Mitigasi Bencana Lanskap Pesisir di Kota Banda Aceh
Get PDFDisaster mitigation is a disaster risk management strategy that can help reduce and minimize disaster impacts. Spatial planning policy is essential for disaster mitigation as it will affect the distribution of development and the vulnerability of communities to disasters. Communities living in coastal settlements are very vulnerable to disasters, so a spatial-based disaster mitigation strategy will provide an appropriate strategy for activities in coastal settlements, especially in the coastal areas of Banda Aceh City. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of spatial planning policies in supporting disaster mitigation, as well as to examine the implementation of mitigation strategies involving community participation and the use of GIS technology. This research used qualitative methods with a literature review approach to analyze, synthesize, and identify trends, gaps, and recommendations from various literatures related to spatial-based disaster mitigation, community participation, and GIS technology. The results of this study showed that spatial planning policies played an important role in reducing disaster risk, with a focus on proper zoning and protection of vital infrastructure. Adaptation strategies such as mangrove planting and effective evacuation routes were key to mitigation. Community participation and the use of GIS technology helped identify risks and develop hazard maps. However, challenges such as lack of policy socialization and limited spatial data remain obstacles to optimal implementation.Disaster mitigation is a disaster risk management strategy that can help reduce and minimize disaster impacts. Spatial planning policy is essential for disaster mitigation as it will affect the distribution of development and the vulnerability of communities to disasters. Communities living in coastal settlements are very vulnerable to disasters, so a spatial-based disaster mitigation strategy will provide an appropriate strategy for activities in coastal settlements, especially in the coastal areas of Banda Aceh City. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of spatial planning policies in supporting disaster mitigation, as well as to examine the implementation of mitigation strategies involving community participation and the use of GIS technology. This research used qualitative methods with a literature review approach to analyze, synthesize, and identify trends, gaps, and recommendations from various literatures related to spatial-based disaster mitigation, community participation, and GIS technology. The results of this study showed that spatial planning policies played an important role in reducing disaster risk, with a focus on proper zoning and protection of vital infrastructure. Adaptation strategies such as mangrove planting and effective evacuation routes were key to mitigation. Community participation and the use of GIS technology helped identify risks and develop hazard maps. However, challenges such as lack of policy socialization and limited spatial data remain obstacles to optimal implementation
Application of Trichoderma spp. on Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) Seedball in a Reclaimed Bauxite Mining Area of West Kalimantan
Get PDFKegiatan pertambangan memiliki dampak gangguan lingkungan antara lain hilangnya vegetasi hutan, flora dan fauna serta lapisan tanah pucuk. Perbaikan lahan bekas tambang dapat dilakukan dengan kagiatan revegetasi salah satunya dengan penanaman jenis pohon cempedak (Artocarpus integer). Penggunaan media seedball dan penambahan dosis Trichoderma spp. diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya kecambah serta pertumbuhan bibit cempedak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh metode penanaman menggunakan media seedball dan penambahan agensia hayati Trichoderma spp. terhadap daya kecambah dan pertumbuhan benih cempedak di lahan bekas tambang bauksit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Faktor yang diamati yaitu metode penanaman (media seedball dan penanaman secara langsung) dengan berbagai dosis Trichoderma spp. Benih cempedak yang ditanam memiliki persen kecambah dan persen tumbuh sebesar 100% untuk semua perlakuan. Perlakuan K (Trichoderma 25 g dengan seedball) menunjukkan respon terbaik pada parameter laju perkecambahan, nilai kecambah, diameter, dan jumlah daun semai cempedak. Perlakuan I (Trichoderma 20 g dengan seedball) menunjukkan respon terbaik pada parameter tinggi semai cempedak. Perlakuan dosis Trichoderma spp. yang diaplikasikan pada metode penanaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertunbuhan diameter dan tinggi semai cempedak. Kandungan organik dalam media menyediakan sumber dasar untuk pertumbuhan semai tanaman.
Kata kunci: diameter, hutan, Trichoderma spp., vegetasi.Mining activities have the impact of environmental damage, including loss of forest vegetation, flora and fauna and soil layers. Post-mining land improvement can be done by revegetation activities by planting cempedak (Artocarpus integer) plants. The use of seedball media and additional doses of Trichoderma spp. is expected to improve land rehabilitation and stimulate the growth of cempedak plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of planting method using seedball media and to analyze the effect of various concentrations of biological agents Trichoderma spp. on the growth power of cempedak seeds in post-bauxite mining land. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The factor observed was the dose of Trichoderma spp. and planting methods (seedball media and direct planting). Treatment dose of Trichoderma spp. which was applied to the planting method using seedball media had a significant effect on the diameter of the cempedak seedlings. The K treatment showed the best response to the parameters of germination rate, germination value, diameter, and number of leaves of cempedak seedlings. The I treatment showed the best response to the cempedak seedling height parameter. The higher the dose of Trichoderma spp. which was applied to seedball media made the growth parameters of diameter, height, and number of leaves of cempedak seedlings tend to increase. The K treatment showed the best response on parameters of germination rate, germination value, diameter, and number of leaves of cempedak seedlings. The ! treatment showed the best response to the cempedak seedling height parameter. The higher the dose of Trichoderma spp. which was applied to seedball media made the growth parameters of diameter, height, and number of leaves of cempedak seedlings tend to increase
PERKIRAAN EMISI GRK BERBASIS PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PADA POLA RUANG PULAU RUPAT
No full textPulau Rupat, dengan 77.39% dari total wilayah daratan 152,371 ha merupakan lahan gambut, mengalami deforestasi, degradasi hutan, dan konversi lahan, sehingga menjadikannya daerah yang rentan terhadap pelepasan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) sekaligus strategis untuk pengendalian emisi berbasis lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperkirakan emisi GRK sektor LULUCF melalui identifikasi perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan tahun 2000, 2010, dan 2020. Penghitungan emisi dilakukan dengan pendekatan stock difference cadangan biomassa atas permukaan sebagai faktor emisi/serapan setiap penutupan/penggunaan lahan. Proyeksi emisi tahun 2030 dan 2040 dihitung dengan membandingkan perubahan penutupan dan penggunaan lahan historis dengan prediksi penutupan dan penggunaan lahan (skenario Business as Usual/BAU ). Nilai emisi tersebut kemudian dibandingkan dengan nilai emisi sesuai Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) 2022–2042 (skenario RTRW). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tren penurunan emisi dari perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan dan dekomposisi gambut, yaitu dari 10.37 juta ton CO₂ pada periode 2000–2010 menjadi 7.99 juta ton CO₂ pada periode 2010–2020. Total emisi BAU juga memperlihatkan penurunan, dengan perkiraan 3.79 juta ton CO₂ untuk periode 2020–2030 dan 3.45 juta ton CO₂ untuk periode 2030–2040. Sementara, total emisi berdasarkan skenario RTRW periode 2022–2042 diperkirakan 113% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan skenario BAU periode 2020–2040 yang mencapai 3.95 juta ton CO2.Rupat Island, with 77.39% of its total land area of 152,371 ha consisting of peatlands, has experienced deforestation, forest degradation, and land conversion, making it both vulnerable to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and strategically important for land-based emission control. This study aims to estimate GHG emissions from the LULUCF sector through the identification of land cover/use changes in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Emission calculations were conducted using the stock difference approach of aboveground biomass as emission/sequestration factors for each land cover/use category. Emission projections for 2030 and 2040 were derived by comparing historical land cover/use changes with predicted land cover/use under the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. These values were then compared with emissions estimated under the Spatial Planning (RTRW) scenario for 2022–2042. The results indicate a declining trend in emissions from land cover/use changes and peat decomposition, decreasing from 10.37 million tons of CO₂ in 2000–2010 to 7.99 million tons of CO₂ in 2010–2020. Total BAU emissions also show a reduction, estimated at 3.79 million tons of CO₂ for 2020–2030 and 3.45 million tons of CO₂ for 2030–2040. Meanwhile, total emissions under the RTRW scenario for 2022–2042 are projected to be 113% lower compared to BAU emissions for 2020–2040, which reached 3.95 million tons of CO₂
TRANSFORMASI MATA PENCAHARIAN SEBAGAI UPAYA MENJAGA KESTABILAN EKONOMI RUMAHTANGGA MASYARAKAT DESA JIKUMERASA
No full textThe role of tourism in maintaining economic stability at the household and regional levels is significant. The pursuit of enhanced household income opportunities has prompted individuals to transition their livelihoods from traditional sectors, such as fisheries, agriculture, and trade, to the tourism sector. However, the tourism sector is characterized by inherent challenges, notably its seasonal nature. This is further compounded by a dearth of knowledge concerning the management of tourist attractions among relevant business actors. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the livelihood transformation from agriculture, fisheries, and trade to tourism, this study employed a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted in Jikumerasa Village, Buru Regency, Maluku Province Indonesia, involving informants who had transitioned from agriculture, fisheries, and trade to tourism. A total of 11 individuals were interviewed, including farmers, traders, employees, and fishermen. To enhance the credibility of the findings, a triangulation technique was employed, involving the insights of the village head, community leaders, and the manager of the Baikolet Jikumerasa Beach tourist attraction. The results indicate that the transformation of rural community livelihoods to the tourism sector is a multifaceted process involving economic diversification, social capital development, and cultural preservation. The predominant challenge confronting rural households pertains to the stability of their household economy, particularly with respect to meeting the manifold and evolving needs of their members. For these reasons, the government are suggested to promote community involvement, allocate resources to infrastructure development, and encourage the adoption of sustainable practices. These measures, if implemented, have the potential to unlock the full economic potential of tourism, thereby fostering the development of a resilient and thriving rural economy. To this end, government intervention through programs and policies is imperative, encompassing management training, financing, and promotion, to ensure the economic stability of households and beach attractions is maintained over the long term.Pariwisata memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga kestabilan ekonomi rumahtangga hingga daerah. Tawaran perubahan pendapatan yang lebih baik menyebabkan masyarakat memilih untuk mengalihkan matapencaharian dari sektor perikanan, pertanian hingga perdagangan menuju sektor pariwisata. Walaupun demikian, sektor pariwisata memiliki tantangan tersendiri beruapa sifatnya yang musiman, terlebih pengetahuan terkait pengelola objek wisata belum cukup maksimal dimiliki para pelaku usaha tersebut. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi diterapkan dalam penelitian ini guna memperoleh gambaran secara kontekstual dan holistik terkait tranformasi matapencaharian dari pertanian dan perikanan ke pariwisata. Adapun kajian ini dilakukan di Desa Jikumerasa, Kabupaten Buru dengan melibatkan para informan berupa petani, pedagang, pegawai dan nelayan berjumlah 11 orang dengan kriteria berupa telah melakukan alih matapencaharian pada sektor pariwisata. Sedangkan, teknik triangulasi digunakan untuk menguji validitas dan keabsahan data dengan melibatkan kepala desa, tokoh masyarakat dan pengelola objek wisata pantai Baikolet Jikumerasa. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa, transformasi mata pencaharian masyarakat pedesaan ke sektor pariwisata merupakan proses multifaset yang mencakup diversifikasi ekonomi, pengembangan modal sosial, dan pelestarian budaya. Adapun kestabilan ekonomi rumahtangga berupa pendapatan merupakan isu utama dalam menghadapi pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup yang semakin meningkat dan bervariasi. Pada aras ini, kami berpandangan bahwa dengan mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat, berinvestasi pada infrastruktur, dan mendorong praktik berkelanjutan, daerah pedesaan dapat memanfaatkan potensi pariwisata untuk menciptakan perekonomian yang tangguh dan berkembang. Untuk itu, campur tangan pemerintah melalui program dan kebijakan berupa pelatihan pengelolaan, pembiayaan maupun promosi mutlak diperlukan sehingga kestabilan ekonomi rumahtangga dan objek wisata pantai dapat tetap berkelanjutan
Rethinking Tarkam Football Competition as A Complexity of Social Entrepreneurship Practice in Rural Indonesia
Get PDFFootball is the supreme sport in Indonesia. This popularity arises from football being a sport accessible to the crowds, easy to get involved in, and requiring minimal money to play. Football is more engaging when contested in a competitive league system. In Indonesia, there are both professional leagues run by football federations and grassroots championships known as Tarkam (antar-kampung / inter-village) tournaments conducted in rural regions. The Tarkam competition encompasses numerous traditions and includes up to 17 actors in the Tarkam football stakeholder mapping. This study employs an exploratory methodology, gathering data via content analysis and interviews with Tarkam football participants to elucidate the dynamics of football inside Tarkam. This study investigates the possibilities of social entrepreneurship in the execution of Tarkam tournaments. This study aims to unveil an alternative perspective of the Tarkam phenomenon, highlighting that it transcends just the sporting and economic dimensions. The study’s findings indicate that the execution of Tarkam tournaments aligns with the principles of social entrepreneurship, albeit in a more intricate manner; yet, certain social issues remain unaddressed within the existing tarkam framework.Sepakbola merupakan olahraga terpopuler di Indonesia. Popularitas ini dihasilkan karena sepakbola adalah olahraga rakyat, mudah dimainkan, dan tidak membutuhkan banyak biaya. Sepakbola menjadi lebih menarik ketika dimainkan dalam suatu kompetisi yang kompetitif dalam konteks liga. Liga yang ada di Indonesia pun tidak hanya liga profesional yang diselenggarakan oleh federasi sepakbola, melainkan ada juga kompetisi lokal bernama turnamen tarkam yang diselenggarakan di wilayah pedesaan. Turnamen tarkam ini penuh dengan ragam tradisi dan melibatkan hingga 17 aktor dalam ekosistem sepakbola tarkam. Melalui pendekatan eksploratif, studi ini mengkoleksi data melalui analisis konten dan wawancara dengan pelaku sepakbola tarkam untuk mengetahui dinamika sepakbola dalam tarkam. Fokus dalam studi ini adalah ingin mengeksplorasi adanya potensi kewirausahaan sosial dalam pelaksanaan turnamen tarkam. Novelty dari studi ini adalah mengungkap sisi lain fenomena Tarkam agar tidak hanya dilihat sebagai fenomena olahraga dan ekonomi murni saja. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penyelenggaraan turnamen tarkam memiliki kriteria yang sama dengan konsep kewirausahaan sosial walaupun secara lebih kompleks, beberapa masalah sosial masih ada yang belum mampu tertangani dengan konsep tarkam yang ada saat ini