Scientific Journals of Bogor Agricultural University
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Abundance and Season Variability of Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Akalapuzha Coastal Region, Kerala, South India
Get PDFThe species composition and diversity of rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the mangrove coastal region remain poorly explored, particularly in South India. This study aims to understand the rove beetle diversity in the Akalapuzha mangrove coastal ecosystem with respective seasonal changes (pre-summer, summer, and monsoon) as well as the efficacy of different collection methods (pitfall trap, light trap, Berlese funnel, and flotation method). From the study, the collected specimens came under five subfamilies: Oxytelinae, Aleocharinae, Staphylininae, Paederinae, and Tachyporinae. Among this, high taxa abundance was observed in Oxytelinae, followed by Aleocharinae, Staphylininae, Paederinae, and Tachyporinae. Among the documented subfamilies, three subfamilies, namely Oxytelinae, Staphylininae, and Aleocharinae were recorded in all three seasons. In the case of diversity analysis, the highest diversity was observed in the summer season (1-D = 0.277, & H = 0.630), followed by pre-summer (1-D = 0.306, & H = 0.678) and monsoon (1-D = 0.533, & H = 1.069). Among all the different insect collection methods, the flotation method (p<0.05) is the most suitable for collecting rove beetles, regardless of seasonal variations, and is followed by light traps, pitfall traps, and Berlese funnel traps. The study revealed the inevitability of protecting the mangrove ecosystem, as it is identified as an ideal habitat for the economically, ecologically, and medically important Coleopteran family, Staphylinidae
Comparative Study of DNA Barcoding and Mini-Barcoding based on COI Gene for Species Identification and Phylogeny of Formicidae Family (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Get PDFDNA barcoding and mini-barcoding are widely used to study insect biodiversity, including ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). This study evaluated the effectiveness of both approaches for species identification and phylogenetic inference in ants, with particular attention to the performance of universal primers during PCR amplification. Full-length DNA barcode (658 bp) and mini-barcode (127 bp) regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were retrieved from GenBank, aligned, and analysed with maximum-likelihood phylogenetics (1,000 bootstrap replicates) under the Tamura-Nei model. The universal DNA barcoding primers (Folmer\u27s LCO1490 and HCO2198) showed generally good alignment with ant COI sequences. However, multiple nucleotide mismatches were observed in LCO1490, including one critical mismatch located within the GC clamp region. In contrast, the universal mini-barcoding primers (UniMinibarF1 and UniMinibarR1) showed critical mismatches at their 3′ ends, likely reducing PCR efficiency. Despite limitations associated with primer mismatches, both DNA barcoding and mini-barcoding are reliable for species identification. DNA barcoding and mini barcoding are both capable of distinguishing ants at the species level, regardless of the length of the sequences being compared. The same sequences have also been used for phylogenetic analysis, showing good ability to distinguish ant species based on phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The comparison of DNA barcoding and mini-barcoding in ants showed that longer sequences offered superior resolution for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction. These findings underscore the need for primer optimisation in ant-specific applications and highlight the utility of both barcoding strategies for taxonomic and evolutionary studies
Cadmium (Cd) Contamination Status in Cisanti Lake (West Java, Indonesia) Analysis on Water, Sediment, and Bioaccumulation in Invasive Mussels Sinanodonta pacifica (Heude, 1878)
Get PDFCisanti Lake, the strategic zero point of the Citarum River, faces the threat of cadmium (Cd) pollution from surrounding agricultural activities. Conducted during the dry season of 2024, this pioneering study assesses the Cd pollution status using a multicompartment approach (water, sediment, and bioindicator organism Sinanodonta pacifica, Heude 1878). Samples from the three stations were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The concentration of Cd in water was very low (0.0012–0.0030 mg/L), but it accumulated significantly in sediment (0.37–0.65 mg/kg) and mussel tissue (0.20–0.30 mg/kg). Although the concentration in water and biota was below quality standards, ecological risk analysis revealed that the sediment has moderate contamination (Contamination Factor: 1.25–2.15) and acts as a long-term pollutant sink. S. pacifica proved effective in accumulating Cd from the water column, demonstrated by a high Bioconcentration Factor from water to biota (BCF b-w >75), making it a reliable bioindicator of Cd pollution. This study provides crucial baseline data on environmental management in the upstream Citarum and establishes sediment monitoring as a vital early warning tool for future pollution risks
Antifouling properties of green seaweed Halimeda opuntia from the Coast of Aceh, Indonesia: Sifat antifouling Halimeda opuntia dari Pesisir Aceh, Indonesia
No full textBiofouling merupakan tantangan yang dihadapi dalam sektor maritim dan mendorong para peneliti untuk mengeksplorasi secara berkelanjutan dengan mencari solusi berupa antifouling yang ramah lingkungan dan berasal dari organisme laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak H. opuntia berdasarkan aktivitas antifouling. Metode penelitian ini meliputi uji antibiofilm, sitotoksisitas, antibakteri, anti-quorum sensing, dan uji in situ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol H. opuntia memiliki aktivitas antibiofilm lebih tinggi dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 0,020 mg/mL. Uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan toksisitas terendah terhadap sel L6, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 70,79 µg/mL. Secara mekanistik, ekstrak metanol H. opuntia tidak memiliki efek bakterisidal melawan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tetapi dapat menghalangi mekanisme komunikasi bakteri melalui aktivitas quorum quenching, yang dibuktikan dengan pembentukan zona buram tidak berwarna dalam uji tersebut. Uji in situ yang dilakukan di perairan Pulau Redang dan Kuala Kemaman, Malaysia menunjukkan panel yang dilapisi dengan formulasi 5% H. opuntia menunjukkan kinerja antifouling yang superior selama tiga bulan percobaan, dengan tingkat penutupan fouling masing-masing sebesar 11,19% dan 9,10%. Penelitian selanjutnya diperlukan berkaitan dengan sifat antifouling dengan melakukan identifikasi senyawa aktif, evaluasi efektivitas jangka panjang, dan menentukan efisiensi biaya untuk produksi massal.Marine biofouling remains a critical challenge in the maritime sector, prompting researchers to explore sustainable, eco-friendly, and antifouling solutions derived from marine organisms. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of H. opuntia extract for effective antifouling activity. The research methods included antibiofilm, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing assays, and in situ tests. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of H. opuntia exhibited significantly higher antibiofilm activity, with an IC50 value of 0.020 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the lowest toxicity against the L6 cell line, with an IC50 value of 70.79 µg/mL. Mechanistically, the H. opuntia methanol extract did not exhibit a bactericidal effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but blocked bacterial communication mechanisms through quorum quenching activity, as evidenced by the formation of colorless opaque zones in reporter assays. In situ trials were conducted in the waters of Redang Island and Kuala Kemaman, Malaysia. Panels coated with H. opuntia 5% extract demonstrated superior antifouling performance over three months, with fouling coverage rates of 11.19% and 9.10%, respectively. Further research is needed on the antifouling properties of H. opuntia to identify its active compounds, evaluate its long-term effectiveness, and determine whether it is cost-efficient for mass production
GRATITUDE DAN SOCIAL SUPPORT SUAMI SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR PARENTING STRESS PADA IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD): Gratitude and Husband\u27s Social Support as Predictors of Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
No full textIbu yang mengasuh anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dihadapkan dengan tuntutan dan tanggung jawab yang lebih berat dibanding mengasuh anak typical, karena memunculkan interaksi yang kompleks, seperti kesulitan memahami isyarat verbal dan nonverbal serta keterbatasan ekspresi emosional anak. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan tingginya parenting stress. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data empiris untuk mengetahui apakah gratitude dan social support suami dapat memprediksi parenting stress pada ibu dengan anak ASD. Partisipan terdiri dari 103 ibu dengan anak ASD berusia 6-12 tahun, memiliki surat keterangan diagnosa dari dokter atau psikolog, tinggal serumah dengan suami, yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Parental Stress Scale (PSS), Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), dan skala social support suami. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa social support suami memprediksi parenting stress ibu secara signifikan sedangkan efek gratitude tidak signifikan secara statistik. Secara umum, model dapat menjelaskan 11.30% varians dari parenting stress. Temuan ini memberikan dampak praktis bagi strategi pengasuhan anak ASD dengan tujuan meminimalisir parenting stress pada ibu yang umumnya merupakan caregiver utama.
Kata kunci: ASD, gratitude, ibu, parenting stress, social support suamiIbu yang mengasuh anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) dihadapkan pada tuntutan dan tanggung jawab yang lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan pengasuhan anak yang berkembang secara umum maupun anak dengan kebutuhan khusus lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data empiris untuk mengetahui apakah rasa syukur dan dukungan sosial suami memprediksi terjadinya stres pengasuhan pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan GSA. Partisipan berjumlah 103 ibu dengan anak GSA berusia 6–12 tahun, memiliki surat keterangan diagnosis GSA dari dokter atau psikolog, tinggal serumah dengan suami, dan dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data penelitian dikumpulkan menggunakan Parental Stress Scale (PSS), Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), dan skala dukungan sosial suami. Hasil analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa model regresi secara simultan signifikan (F=7,479, p<0,05). Namun, secara parsial, rasa syukur tidak secara signifikan memprediksi stres pengasuhan (B=-0,072, SE=0,059, p=0,225), sedangkan dukungan sosial suami memprediksi stres pengasuhan secara signifikan (B=-0,059, SE=0,021, p=0,006). Temuan ini memiliki implikasi praktis bagi pengembangan strategi pengasuhan anak dengan GSA, khususnya dalam upaya mengurangi stres pengasuhan pada ibu sebagai pengasuh utama
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Application from the Rhizosphere of Ornamental Plants as Biofertilizer to Enhance the Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Get PDFProduktivitas sorgum di Indonesia yang masih rendah mendorong pemanfaatan budidaya berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sebaran spora FMA pada tanaman hias yang diseleksi, menganalisis pengaruh inokulasi kultur trapping terhadap kepadatan spora dan pengaruh pemberian FMA terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Studi dilakukan Januari-Juni 2025, meliputi identifikasi sebaran spora FMA pada 14 tanaman hias, analisis kultur trapping terhadap kepadatan spora, dan pengaruh aplikasi FMA pada pertumbuhan sorgum. Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) digunakan dengan faktor aplikasi mikoriza (tanpa/dengan) dan komposisi media tanam (BIOPOS, sekam, zeolit, dan kombinasinya). Parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun diamati pada hari ke-30 HST, dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan DMRT (α=5%). Hasil menunjukkan tanaman hias Bugenvil (Bogainvillea sp.) memiliki kepadatan spora FMA tertinggi, dari 14 tanaman hias dominasi genus Glomus (69.23%) dan Acaulospora (30.77%). Kultur trapping pada tanaman hias Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) (L.) (Rutaceae) menghasilkan kepadatan spora tertinggi (429 spora per 10 g tanah), menjadikannya sumber inokulum potensial. Aplikasi mikoriza dan komposisi media tanam secara signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan sorgum. Interaksi mikoriza dengan BIOPOS (A2K1) memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik (tinggi 60.02 cm; 5.50 helai daun), jauh melampaui perlakuan tanpa mikoriza. FMA dari rizosfer tanaman hias berpotensi besar meningkatkan pertumbuhan sorgum, terutama dikombinasikan dengan media tanam yang sesuai seperti BIOPOS, mendukung budidaya sorgum berkelanjutan.The low productivity of sorghum in Indonesia encourages the use of sustainable cultivation. This study aims to determine the distribution of FMA spores on selected ornamental plants, analyze the effect of culture trapping inoculation on spore density, and the effect of FMA application on sorghum plant growth. The study was conducted from January to June 2025, including the identification of FMA spore distribution on 14 ornamental plants, analysis of trapping culture on spore density, and the effect of FMA application on sorghum growth. A Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) was used with factors of mycorrhiza application (without/with) and growing medium composition (BIOPOS, rice husk, zeolite, and their combinations). Plant height and number of leaves were observed on day 30 after sowing (DAS), analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT (α=5%). The results showed that ornamental plants of Bougainvillea (Bogainvillea sp.) had the highest FMA spore density, with 14 ornamental plants dominated by the genera Glomus (69.23%) and Acaulospora (30.77%). Trapping culture on ornamental plants of Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) (L.) (Rutaceae) produced the highest spore density (429 spores per 10 g soil), making it a potential inoculum source. The application of mycorrhizae and soil medium composition significantly enhanced sorghum growth. The interaction between mycorrhiza and BIOPOS (A2K1) yielded the best growth (height 60.02 cm; 5.50 leaves), far exceeding the treatment without mycorrhiza. FMA from the rhizosphere of ornamental plants has great potential to enhance sorghum growth, especially when combined with suitable growing media such as BIOPOS, supporting sustainable sorghum cultivation
Export Dynamics of Rubber From Like-Minded Countries To European Union
Get PDFBackground: The European Union is a major importer of natural rubber. However, the rise of global competition and the implementation of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) in 2023 has impacted rubber trade dynamics, particularly in Like-Minded Countries (LMC).Purpose: This study analyzes the competitiveness and efficiency of rubber exports from 17 LMC to the European Union from 2013 to 2022.Design/methodology/approach: The study uses Revealed Comparative Advantage, Export Product Dynamics, X-Model, and Stochastic Frontier Analysis with data from the UN Comtrade, Trade Map, and World Bank.Findings/Result: This study shows increased competitiveness in rubber exports to the European Union, while some countries experienced stagnation. The implementation of sustainability policies, particularly the EUDR, significantly influences export competitiveness. Countries that adhere to sustainability standards have demonstrated notable improvements in their export performance. Conclusion: Although some countries have significant export potential, they have not fully optimized it. The LMC needs to enhance efficiency and meet sustainability standards to improve competitiveness and fully leverage export potential in the European Union market.Originality/value (state of the art): This research contributes to the limited literature on rubber trade dynamics under the impact of environmental regulations such as the EUDR. It comprehensively analyzes trade patterns and efficiency and offers valuable insights for academic and practical applications in global trade studies.
Keywords: Competitiveness, environmental policy, export efficiency, stochastic frontier, trade potentia
Experience of Healthcare Providers on Enteral Nutrition: Challenges and Ways to Improve Current Practice
Get PDFThe aim of this qualitative study is to explore the experience of Healthcare Providers (HCPs) in Enteral Nutrition (EN) practice in hospital settings, the challenges they encounter, and the possible ways to improve the current practice. The study involved conducting in-depth interviews with expert panels, including clinicians, dietitians, nurses, and academic professionals who are involved in clinical or teaching practices related to EN. The recording of the interview was transcribed verbatim after each session. The coding process was done using the computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software Atlas-Ti. The thematic analysis procedure by Braun and Clarke is used to analyze the transcription. At the end of the study, eleven interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed. Six themes addressing the challenges in EN were identified. The themes are standardization of EN practice, enteral feeding provision, knowledge of nurses, attitude of HCPs, skills of nurses, and resources in the healthcare facility. In addition to that, four themes addressing the current needs of EN practice were also documented. The themes identified are EN guidelines and protocols, improving Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) on EN, continuous education on EN, and improving healthcare facilities. The insights shared by the participants can be thoroughly examined to develop strategies for enhancing existing EN processes
Underreported Energy Intake Methods with Metabolic Risk Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Teachers in East Coast, Malaysia
Get PDFThis study compares three methods of detecting EI (Energy Intake) underreporting and examines their associations with body composition measures—such as Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage, and muscle mass—as well as blood test results, including fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles among overweight and obese adults in East Coast, Malaysia. A total of 333 secondary school teachers, aged 20 to 60 years, were recruited using multistage sampling for this cross-sectional study. We collected sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters using standardized and validated instruments. Dietary intake data were obtained using validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Underreporting was assessed using the revised-Goldberg method (EI/ Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) ratio of 1.2 and 0.9, based on the Mifflin-St Jeor equation) and the EI sex-specific <2.5th and >97.5th percentile. The majority of participants were Malay (98.8%), with a mean age of 48.85±6.88 years old. On average, they were classified as overweight (BMI: 29.30±3.74 kg/m²) and had a high waist circumference (91.66±10.40 cm). The discrepancy between the Goldberg EI/BMR<1.2 and EI sex-specific<2.5th and >97.5th percentile method (26.1% vs. 4.8% underreporters) reflects the higher sensitivity but lower specificity of the Goldberg method, which may have led to higher underreporting estimates to the EI sex-specific<2.5th and >97.5th percentile approach. There were significant association (p<0.05) between energy intake and body fat percentages, visceral fat and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C ) for all three EI underreporting methods. Meanwhile, there was significant association (p<0.005) between energy intake and diastolic blood pressure using EI sex-specific percentile. The EI sex-specific <2.5th and >97.5th percentile method shows promising for detecting EI misreporting in overweight and obese adults. However, further research is needed to validate these findings, as the method remains underexplored